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EOC Genetics and Mutations. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. x. = ???. = 1 nucleotide. = 1 nucleotide. Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). Backbone (ribbon). A. T. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EOC
Genetics and Mutations
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x
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xx
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xxx
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xxx
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xxx
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= ???
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= 1 nucleotide
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= 1 nucleotide
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
A T
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
A TAT
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
A TAT
G C
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Back
bone
(rib
bon)
Backbone(ribbon)
A TAT
G CGC
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A – TG – C
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
T
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
T
X
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
T
XX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
T
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
T
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TC
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCT
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTA
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTAC
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACG
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACGT
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACGTA
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACGTAG
XXX
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACGTAG
XXX
Old DNA
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACGTAG
XXX
Old DNA
NewDNA
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A – TG – C
AGATGCATC
TCTACGTAG
XXX
Old DNA
NewDNA
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ATGACCACUG
Which segment is a strand of DNA and which one is RNA?
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ATGACCACUG
Which segment is a strand of DNA and which one is RNA?
DNA
RNA
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ATGACCACUG
WHY?
DNA
RNA
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ATGACCACUG
DNA has thymine (T), not uracil(U)RNA has uracil (U), not thymine (T)
DNA
RNA
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1. ReplicationDNA DNA
(the DNA stays in the nucleus)
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1. ReplicationDNA DNA
(the DNA stays in the nucleus)
2. Transcription DNA RNA (the RNA leaves the nucleus)
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1. ReplicationDNA DNA
(the DNA stays in the nucleus)
2. Transcription DNA RNA (the RNA leaves the nucleus)
3. TranslationRNA Protein
(occurs at the ribosome)
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Where a protein is made
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Where a protein is madex
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Where a protein is madex x
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Where a protein is madex x
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CGGUAU RNA
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CGGUAU RNADNA
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CGGUAU RNADNA
Can we already throw out any wrong answers?
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CGGUAU RNADNA
Can we already throw out any wrong answers?
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CGGUAU RNADNA
Why?xx
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CGGUAU RNADNA
DNA does not contain uracil (U)
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CGGUAU RNADNA
DNA does not contain uracil (U)
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CGGUAU RNAG DNA
DNA does not contain uracil (U)
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CGGUAU RNAG DNA
DNA does not contain uracil (U)
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CGGUAU RNAG DNA
DNA does not contain uracil (U)
xxx
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A
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AA T = DNAA U = RNA
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A
xxx
A T = DNAA U = RNA
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What is a codon?
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAA
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
GAU
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
GAUGCU
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
GAUGCU
UCU
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
GAUGCU
UCUUCG
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
GAUGCU
UCUUCG
GGG
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What is a codon?A three letter combination from a selection of 4 letters.AUGC
AAAAAU
GAUGCU
UCUUCG
GGGetc…
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How many 3 letter combinations could you make from 4 letters?
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How many 3 letter combinations could you make from 4 letters?
43 =
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How many 3 letter combinations could you make from 4 letters?
43 = 64
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How many 3 letter combinations could you make from 4 letters?
43 = 64How many do you need?
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How many 3 letter combinations could you make from 4 letters?
43 = 64How many do you need?
21
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How many 3 letter combinations could you make from 4 letters?
43 = 64How many do you need?
2120 amino acids1 stop command
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amino acids
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amino acids(building blocks of proteins)
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
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UAC
UAC = tyrosine
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UAG
UAC = tyrosineUAG =
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UAG
UAC = tyrosineUAG =
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UAG
UAC = tyrosineUAG =
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UAG
UAC = tyrosineUAG = STOP
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UAG
UAC = tyrosineUAG = STOP
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A,T,G,C
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A,T,G,C
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A,T,G,CBackbone
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Grizzly-Gray
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
GG
White
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
White
GG
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
White
GG?offspring
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
White
GGGrizzly-Gray
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Grizzly-Gray
Black
White
GGGrizzly-Gray
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The visual appearance of a trait.
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38-38
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38-38
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38-38
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meiosis
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meiosis
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meiosis
19-19
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meiosis
19-19
19 19
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meiosis
19-19
19 19
sex cell - gamete
sex cell - gamete
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meiosis
19-19
19 19
sex cell - gamete
sex cell - gamete
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