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EnzymesEnzymes
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What Are Enzymes?What Are Enzymes? Most enzymes are
ProteinsProteins ((tertiaryand quaternarystructures)
Act as CatalystCatalysttoaccelerates areaction
Not permanentlyNot permanently
changed in theprocess
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EnzymesEnzymes Are specific for
what they willcatalyzecatalyze
AreReusableReusable
End in asease!"ucrase!"ucrase
!#actase!#actase!Maltase!Maltase
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$ow do enzymes Wor%?$ow do enzymes Wor%?
Enzymes wor% bywea%enin&wea%enin&bondsbondswhich
lowersowersacti'ation
ener&y
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EnzymesEnzymes
reeEner&y
Pro&ress of the reaction
Reactants
Products
ree ener&y of acti'ationree ener&y of acti'ation
Without Enzyme
With Enzyme
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Enzyme!"ubstrate omple*Enzyme!"ubstrate omple*
The substancesubstance
(reactant) anenzymeenzymeacts on
is the substratesubstrate
EnzymeSubstrate Joins
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Acti'e "iteActi'e "ite A restricted re&ionrestricted
re&ionof an enzymeenzyme
moecue !hich bindsbindsto the substratesubstrate"
EnzymeSubstrate
Acti'e"ite
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+nduced it+nduced it A chan&e in the
shapeshapeof anenzyme,s acti'e
site +nduced+nduced by thesubstrate
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actors Affectin& Enzymeactors Affectin&
EnzymeActi'ityActi'ity
-emperature
p$
ofactors . oenzymes
+nhibitors
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-emperature . p$-emperature . p$
$i&h temperatures$i&h temperaturesare the
mostdan&erous reactions . denaturedenatureenzymes(Most li%e
normal /ody temperatures(Most li%e normal /ody temperatures)
Most enzymes li%e near neutral p$ (0 to1)
2enatured (unfolded) by ionic saltsionic salts
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ofactors and oenzymesofactors and oenzymes &nor'anic
substances&nor'anic substances(zinc iron)(zinc iron) an
*itamins*itamins(res+ecti*ey) are sometimesnee for +ro+er
enzymatic acti*ityenzymatic acti*ity.
E*ampleE*ample
+ron+ronmust be +resent in thequaternary
structureofhemo&lobinhemo&lobininorer for it to +ic, u+
o-y'eno-y'en.
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-wo e*amples of Enzyme-wo e*amples of
Enzyme+nhibitors+nhibitors
a3a3 ompetiti'e inhibitorsompetiti'e inhibitors44 arechemicals
that resembleresemblean enzyme,senzyme,snormal substratenormal
substrateand competecompetewith itfor the acti'e siteacti'e
site3
Enzymeompetiti'e inhibitor
Substrate
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+nhibitors+nhibitors
b"b"
.oncom+etiti*e inhibitors
.oncom+etiti*e inhibitors//
&nhibitors that o not enter theo not enter theacti*e
siteacti*e sitebut bin tobin toanother +artanother +art
of the enzymeenzyme causin' the enzymeenzymetochan'e its
sha+echan'e its sha+e !hich in turnaters the acti*e siteaters the
acti*e site"
Enzymeacti'e site altered
5oncompetiti'e+nhibitor
Substrate
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