Environmental Product Declaration San Souci™ K-4000 San Souci K-4000 to Vitreous Sanitary Ceramic Ware ISO 14025 Environmental Product Declaration Product Definition and Information

Environmental Product Declaration

San Souci™ K-4000Comfort Height® one-piece compact elongated 1.28 gpf

touchless toilet with AquaPiston® flushing technology

The San Souci one-piece toilet offers a

sleek, contemporary design combined with

KOHLER touchless flush. Just hold your

hand over the tank sensor to activate the

flush. No handle to touch means fewer flush. No handle to touch means fewer

germs to pick up or leave behind. This

toilet features innovative AquaPiston

technology, a patented flush engine that

delivers a fast, powerful, and virtually plug-

free flush.

1.

2.

3.

Packaged product weight 46.3 kg

Product recyclable content 0.4%

Top 3 ingredients (>90% by weight)

Product recycled content 0%

Silica

Clay

Feldspar

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Flush volume 1.28 gallons

Relevant certifications

ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1

Product recyclable content 0.4%

Carbon footprint 341 kg CO2-eq

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ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1

EPA WaterSense®

ICES-003

FCC Part 15

DOE - Energy Policy Act 1992

We believe that the path to a better place is a constant endeavor. Every day nearly

30,000 Kohler associates worldwide are moving forward. And we believe positive

steps, big or small, ours or yours, are worth celebrating and sharing.

According

San Souci™ K-4000 to

Vitreous Sanitary Ceramic Ware ISO 14025


This document is an environmental product

declaration (EPD) in accordance with ISO 14025.

EPDs rely on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to

provide information on a number of

environmental impacts of products over their life

cycles. At Kohler, we believe that the path to a

better place is a constant endeavor. Our Design

for Environment program, embedded within the

Kohler New Product Development culture,

considers environmental impact at each stage of

a product’s existence - from the activities of our a product’s existence - from the activities of our

suppliers through the end of the product’s useful

life. When we design products with the

environment in mind, we believe that every

choice counts.

UL Environment

Kohler

PROGRAM OPERATOR

DECLARATION HOLDER

San Souci™ K-4000

4786429138.108.1

KohlerDECLARATION HOLDER

DECLARATION NUMBER

DECLARED PRODUCT

REFERENCE PCR

DATE OF ISSUE

PCR for Building-Related Products and Services. Adapted for UL Environment

from the range of Environmental Product Declarations of Institute Construction

and Environment e.V. (IBU). Part A: Calculation Rules for the Life Cycle

Assessment and Requirements on the Project Report. Part B: Requirements on

the EPD for Sanitary Ceramics

16-Oct-14

Product definition and information about building physics

Information about basic material and the material's origin

Description of the product's manufacturing

Indication of product processing

Information about the in-use conditions

Life cycle assessment results

CONTENTS OF THE

DECLARATION

5 Years

DATE OF ISSUE

PERIOD OF VALIDITY

16-Oct-14

Life cycle assessment results

Testing results and verifications

The PCR review was conducted by

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

The Independent Expert Committee, SVR

This declaration was independently verified in accordance with ISO

14025 by Underwriters Laboratories

This life cycle assessment was independently verified in accordance

UL Environment

This life cycle assessment was independently verified in accordance

with ISO 14044 and the reference PCR byThomas Gloria, Life-Cycle Services, LLC

1 Exclusions: EPDs do not indicate that any environmental or social performance benchmarks are met, and there may be impacts that they do not encompass. LCAs do not typically address the

site-specific environmental impacts of raw material extraction, nor are they meant to assess human health toxicity. EPDs can complement but cannot replace tools and certifications that are

designed to address these impacts and/or set performance thresholds , e.g., Type 1 certifications, health assessments and declarations, environmental impact assessments, etc. Accuracy of

Results: EPDs regularly rely on estimations of impacts, and the level of accuracy in estimation of effect differs for any particular product line and reported impact. Comparability: EPDs are not

comparative assertions and are either not comparable or have limited comparability when they cover different life cycle stages, are based on different product category rules or are missing

relevant environmental impacts. EPDs from different programs may not be comparable.

Environment 2 of 9

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Product Definition and Information

Product Description

Toilet shall be 27-3/4" (705 mm) in length, 16-3/8"

(416 mm) in width, and 25-5/16" (646 mm) in height.

Toilet shall be made of vitreous china. Toilet shall be

one-piece. Toilet shall feature touchless flush

actuation. Toilet shall be a 12" (305 mm) rough-in.

Applications and Uses

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One-piece toilets integrate the tank and bowl into a seamless, easy-to-clean design.

Compact elongated bowl offers added comfort while occupying the same space as a round-front bowl.

Low-profile design.

Concealed trapway and low-profile bolt caps facilitate easier cleaning and enhanced design.

Applications and Uses

Flush is activated by a no-touch sensor mounted inside the tank.

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Product Standards, Approvals and Certifications

Specified model meets or exceeds the following:

ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1

EPA WaterSense®

ICES-003

FCC Part 15

DOE - Energy Policy Act 1992●

Supplier Operations

Base Material Content of the Product

DOE - Energy Policy Act 1992

Balance Miscellaneous Hardware and Packaging 5-10

Feldspar Slip and Glaze Ingredient 25-35

Silica Slip and Glaze Ingredient 10-20

Base Material Content of the Product

Material Function Quantity (% By Weight)

Clay Slip and Glaze Ingredient 45-55

Environment 3 of 9

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Kohler Operations

Manufacturing Process Description

Manufacturing Locations

The body of vitreous ceramic sanitary ware is manufactured by casting slip - a mixture of water, clay, feldspar and

silica - into a reusable mold. The cast body is partially dried, sprayed with an aqueous glaze mixture, and fired in a

kiln to vitrify the product. An inspection process follows that ensures a singular high level of product quality. Finally,

the ware is fitted with non-vitreous components, packaged and shipped.

= Kohler manufacturing locations with completed SKU-specific Environmental Product Declarations

= other Kohler manufacturing locations with SKU-specific Environmental Product Declarations in process= other Kohler manufacturing locations with SKU-specific Environmental Product Declarations in process

Not all products are produced in all plants. EPDs for specific models only include data from plants in which they are

produced.

Manufacturing Process

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Kohler Co. has established program management guidelines for safety, accident prevention and environmental

Kohler Safety Management System (KSMS) and Kohler Environmental Management System (KEMS)

Health, Safety and Environmental Aspects during Production

Kohler Co. has established program management guidelines for safety, accident prevention and environmental

performance. These systems enable Kohler Co. operations to achieve world-class performance. The management

systems are based on best management practices, and the application of these programs consistently delivers

significant results. Some Kohler Co. locations have elected the additional step of becoming certified to OHSAS

18001 and/or ISO 14001.

Vitreous ware is packaged primarily with double-wall corrugated containerboard. When utilized, white exterior

wrapping is manufactured with an Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF)/Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching process.

Packaging

wrapping is manufactured with an Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF)/Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching process.

Other packaging materials can include expanded polystyrene (EPS), low density polyethylene bags (LDPE) and

honeycomb paperboard blocking. Corrugated containerboard and honeycomb blocking are 100% recyclable, and collection is available in most

municipalities. Other materials are typically recyclable; however, this is dependent on local availability of collection

programs.

Conditions of Use

The majority of product use phase environmental impacts for vitreous ceramic sanitary ware are related to water

throughput. It is important to note that water use impacts are assigned to the device that controls water flow rate.

For example, a lavatory sink EPD will not include these impacts, as water consumption is controlled by the faucet

that is paired with it. Similarly, a toilet bowl EPD will not include water use impacts, as the tank or flushometer it is

paired with provides this function. However, a one-piece toilet with integrated tank and bowl will include water use

Consumer Use

paired with provides this function. However, a one-piece toilet with integrated tank and bowl will include water use

impacts within its EPD.

Reference Service Life

Residential one-piece toilets are assumed to remain in service for 20 years.

Cleaning and Maintenance

Residential one-piece toilets are assumed to require 52 cleanings per year with 50 ml of 10% HCL solution. In

addition, toilets equipped with the touchless flush feature require replacement of 4 AA batteries at approximately

End of Life

Recycle or Reuse

Collection and processing for vitreous product beneficial reuse at end-of-life is possible, but not widely available at

the present time.

addition, toilets equipped with the touchless flush feature require replacement of 4 AA batteries at approximately

2500 cycles. These impacts are included within the product use stage of the LCA.

The KOHLER® LCA model assumes the vitreous portion of the product is disposed of in a municipal landfill.

Accessory and packaging materials are modeled as landfilled or recycled, depending on typical rates within the

United States.

Disposal

Environment 5 of 9

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Life Cycle Assessment

Description of Declared or Functional Unit

Cut-off Criteria

This LCA is in compliance with the cutoff criteria specified in the PCR, as no known processes were excluded from

this assessment outside of the specific items listed within the “System Boundary” section below.

The functional unit represented here is a single one-piece toilet including the associated packaging and accessories.

To express these impacts in terms of 1 metric ton of product, multiply each result by 21.5.

Allocation

Impacts are allocated to individual products with a unit process approach. Typically, product mass is used to build

the impact allocation factors. Product-specific quality data is also employed to match impacts to products.

Background Data

Primary manufacturing data was collected directly from Kohler Co. vitreous manufacturing operations for calendar

year 2013. Secondary (supply chain) data was taken from the U.S.-Ecoinvent v2.2 database.

Data Quality

Primary manufacturing data was collected directly from process experts for the five Kohler vitreous plants within

North America. Wherever secondary data is used, the study adopts critically reviewed data for consistency,

precision and reproducibility to limit uncertainty. The data sources used are complete and representative of North

America in terms of the geographic and technological coverage and are a recent vintage (i.e., less than ten years

old). Any deviations from these initial data quality requirements for secondary data are documented in the critically

reviewed LCA report.

year 2013. Secondary (supply chain) data was taken from the U.S.-Ecoinvent v2.2 database.

reviewed LCA report. Secondary data primarily references the U.S.-ecoinvent v2.2 database. This database is widely distributed

throughout the United States and is referenced within the LCA community. All ecoinvent datasets have been

critically reviewed.

When a product is produced at more than one plant, impacts are weighted by unit volume to produce a single result.

Environment 6 of 9

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System Boundaries

Product StageConstruction

Process StageUse Stage End of Life Stage

Benefits and

Loads Beyond

the System

X X X X MNDX X X X X XX X X X X X

C2 C3 C4 DB1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6

Deconstruction

/demolition

Transport

Waste

processing

Disposal

Reuse-

Recovery-

Recycling

potential

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

Maintenance

Repair

Replacement

Refurbishment

Operational

energy use

Operational

water use

Raw material

supply

Transport

Manufacturing

Transport from

gate to the site

Construction/

installation

process

Use

B7 C1

Process StageBoundaries

Transport distance 853 km Information on the inspection process - -

Liters of fuel 38 l/100 km Information on the repair process - -

(X = Included; MND = Module Not Declared)

LCA Modeling Scenarios

Transport from gate to the building site (A4) Repair (B3)

Name Value Unit Name Value Unit

X X X X MND

Description of the System Boundary Stages Corresponding to the PCR

X X X X X XX X X X X X

Replacement (B4)/Refurbishment (B5)

Water consumption - m3

Auxiliary - kg Material loss - kg

Name Value Unit Other energy carriers - MJ

Other resources - kg

Installation into the building (A5) Electricity consumption - kWh

Capacity utilization volume factor 89 % Auxiliary - kg

Gross density of products transported - kg/m3 Water consumption - m

3

Capacity utilization (including empty runs) 89 % Repair cycle - Number/RSL

Transport distance 853 km Information on the inspection process - -

Operational energy use (B6) and water use (B7)

Name Value Unit

Dust in the air - kg

VOC in the air - kg

Output substance following waste treatment

on-site- kg

Liters of fuel - l/100 km

Replacement of worn parts - kg

Material loss - kg Electricity consumption - kWh

Other energy carriers - MJ Replacement cycle - Number/RSL

Replacement (B4)/Refurbishment (B5)

Electricity consumption - kWh Name Value Unit

Other resources - kg

Information on maintenance - - Collected separately 5 kg

Maintenance (B2) End of life (C1-C4)

Name Value Unit Name Value Unit

Reference service life (RSL) 20 years Equipment output - kW

Flushes/day/person 5.05 - Other energy carriers - MJ

Name Value Unit Electricity consumption - kWh

Name Value Unit

Use phase reference (B1) Water consumption 179 m3/p/RSL

Other energy carriers - MJ

Material loss (discarded batteries) 1.4 kg

Electricity consumption - kWh

Reuse - kg

Landfilling 41 kgOther resources (cleaning product) 52 kg

Energy recovery - kgAuxiliary - kg

Recycling 5 kgWater consumption - m3

Maintenance cycle (cleaning) 1040 Number/RSL Collected as mixed construction waste 41 kg

Maintenance cycle (batteries) 59 Number/RSL

Environment 7 of 9

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Parameter Parameter Value Unit

TRACI 2.1 Impact Assessment

Results of the Assessment

SP Smog formation potential 16.58 kg O3-Eq.

AP Air Acidification potential for air emissions 1.71 kg SO2-Eq.

EP Eutrophication potential 0.89 kg N-Eq.

GWP Global warming potential 341 kg CO2-Eq.

ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer 4.11E-05 kg CFC-11 Eq.


CML 4.1 Impact Assessment

ADP fossil fuels Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources 15 MJ, calorific value

POCP Formation potential of tropospheric ozone 0.089 kg ethane-Eq.

ADP elements Abiotic depletion potential for non-fossil resources 2.70 kg Sb-Eq.

AP Air Acidification potential for air emissions 1.79 kg SO2-Eq.

EP Eutrophication potentials 0.45 kg (PO4)3-Eq.

ODP Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer 3.49E-05 kg CFC-11 Eq.


GWP Global warming potential 341 kg CO2-Eq.

PENRT Total use of nonrenewable primary energy resources 5783 MJ, lower calorific value

PENRE Nonrenewable primary energy as energy carrier 3933 MJ, lower calorific value

PENRM Nonrenewable primary energy as material utilization 1850 MJ, lower calorific value

PERM Renewable primary energy resources as material utilization 2.50 MJ, lower calorific value

PERT Total use of renewable primary energy resources 288 MJ, lower calorific value


PERE Renewable primary energy as energy carrier 285 MJ, lower calorific value

Resource Use

HWD Hazardous waste disposed 0 kg

Output Flows and Waste Categories


NRSF Use of nonrenewable secondary fuels 0 MJ, lower calorific value

FW Use of net fresh water 203 m3

SM Use of secondary material 0 MJ, lower calorific value

RSF Use of renewable secondary fuels 0 MJ, lower calorific value

PENRT Total use of nonrenewable primary energy resources 5783 MJ, lower calorific value

EEE Exported energy 0 MJ, lower calorific value

MFR Materials for recycling 5 kg

MER Materials for energy recovery 0 kg

RWD Radioactive waste disposed 0 kg

CRU Components for re-use 0 kg

HWD Hazardous waste disposed 0 kg

NHWD Non-hazardous waste disposed 117 kg

Environment 8 of 9

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Interpretation

Due to the high degree of value add within the vitreous product manufacturing process, the Kohler Operations life

cycle stage drives most of the environmental impact categories for vitreous ceramic sanitary ware. Exceptions are

Manufacturing impacts are primarily driven by energy (natural gas and electricity) use. Therefore, projects that

improve energy efficiency have been and will continue to be a primary area of focus. Hardware accessories,

especially those that contain metals such as brass and steel, also carry a greater contribution toward overall product

environmental impact. Mass reduction and material substitution are areas of focus within the supplier operations

portion of the product life cycle.Where applicable, water use reduction efforts will see the greatest return on investment due primarily to the

cycle stage drives most of the environmental impact categories for vitreous ceramic sanitary ware. Exceptions are

products that control water flow rate, such as toilet tanks and one-piece toilets, which will see these consumer use

phase impacts dominate the product life cycle.

Where applicable, water use reduction efforts will see the greatest return on investment due primarily to the

associated reduction in energy required to pump and treat this water. These efforts must be balanced against the

product and product system’s capacity to operate effectively when less water is available as a motive force.

References

● PCR Part A UL Environment and Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V., Königswinter (pub.): Product Category

Rules for Construction Products from the range of Environmental Product Declarations of

Institut Bauen und Umwelt (IBU), Part A: Calculation Rules for the Life Cycle Assessment and

Requirements on the Background Report. July 2014, version 1.3

PCR Part B

SimaPro 7.2

ISO 14025

ISO 14040

●

●

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● ISO 14040:2009-11, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and

ISO 14025:2011-10, Environmental labels and declarations — Type III environmental

declarations — Principles and procedures.

PRé Consultants. SimaPro Life Cycle Assessment version 7.2 (software).

UL Environment and Institut Bauen und Umwelt e.V. (IBU). Product Category Rules Part B:

Requirements on the Environmental Product Declaration for Sanitary ceramics.

Requirements on the Background Report. July 2014, version 1.3

ISO 14044

EN 15804

WaterSense®

ULE 2013

●

●

●

● UL Environment, General Program Instructions, 2013.

US EPA, Office of Wastewater Management http://www.epa.gov/watersense

EN 15804:2012-04: Sustainability of construction works — Environmental Product Declarations

— Core rules for the product category of construction product

ISO 14044:2006-10, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements

and guidelines.

framework.

ULE 2013

OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems - Requirements

● ISO 14001 Environmental Management Systems - Requirements with guidance for use

● ASME A112.19.2/CSA B45.1

● UL Environment, General Program Instructions, 2013.

Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures

● ICES-003 Industry Canada, Interference Causing Equipment Standard 003 - Information Technology

Equipment (ITE) - Limits and methods of measurement

● FCC part 15 Federal Communications Commission, Title 47, Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices

●

Department of Energy - Energy Policy Act 1992

● FCC part 15 Federal Communications Commission, Title 47, Part 15 - Radio Frequency Devices

● DOE-Energy Policy Act 1992

Environment 9 of 9

Documents

Environmental Product Declaration San Souci™ K-4000 San Souci K-4000 to Vitreous Sanitary Ceramic Ware ISO 14025 Environmental Product Declaration Product Definition and Information