Saturday,Apr 21, 2012

Environmental Environmental

issues & issues &

Pollution Control Pollution Control

Measures Measures

in Power sectorin Power sector

Tushar Kumar

Sr. Manager ( Envt. Management)

Email- tusharkumar@ntpc.co.in

Presentation Structure

Introduction

Environment Management in NTPC

Presentation Structure

Introduction

Environment Management in NTPC

Ranked electrification as the greatest engineering achievement of the 20th century, ahead of automobiles, telecommunications, computers, and even healthcare in terms of its positive impact on quality of life.

Cycles of Demographic Growth

With the onset of the Industrial Revolution, humankind’s ability to extract and use energy from nature increased dramatically. Whereas biomass and animal power fueled the agrarian boom, fossil fuels powered the Industrial Revolution and the modern societies that grew out of it.

World Benchmarks- Global Energy System 2000 2020 2050

Population (billion) 6.2 8 10

Primary Energy, Gtoe/yr 10 13 17

Electricity Fraction of primary energy (%) 0.38 0.5 0.7

Electricity Consumption (trillion kWh/yr) 13 28 60

Electricity Generating Capacity (thousands of GW) 3 5 10

Maximum Carbon Emissions (GT per year) 7 8 10

World Energy Systems- getting electrified

The world is predicted to become more and more dependent on electricity

Shares of energy sources in world primary energy demand

Incremental world primary energy demand by fuel, 2000-10

Coal accounted for nearly half of the increase in global energy use over the past

decade with the bulk of the growth coming from the power sector in emerging

economies

Per Capita Electricity Consumption

Carbon footprints in various economies

Source – Human Development Report 2007

Rapidly Growing Energy Demand – India

Energy demand driven by GDP, population and higher urbanisation

� India’s economy expected to grow by 7-8%

� Population expected to touch 1.32 Billion and Urbanisation levels is expected to touch 43% by 2020.

� Energy per capita at 510 KwH per capita is low vis-à-vis a Global average of 1818 KwH.

� By 2020, India’s energy per capita is expected to touch 722 KwH per capita.

� Increasing environmental concerns will play a role in determining the fuel mix.

Indian Electricity Generation Mix

Source: World Energy Outlook 2007, IEA

Coal

Gas

2010~32 GW

NTPC Generation Mix

Coal

Gas

Nuclear

HydroRenewable

2017 ~ 75 GW

Coal

Gas

Nuclear

Hydro

Renewable

2032 ~ 128 GW

Presentation Structure

Introduction

Environment Management in NTPC

Institutional Setup for Addressing Envt. Issues

Engineering

Phase

Operation

Phase

Research

Area

Engg/Envt Engg.

Envt Clearances

Equipment Specifications

R&M Activities for Envt Eqpt.

Envt Mgmt.,AU & Aff Compliance Assurance

Policy Advocacy

Scientific Data base etc.

Envt. Perf. Enhancement

Energy ConservationCEETEM

CEENPEP Efficiency Improvement

NETRA Research for SPM reduction

Research for GHG capture

IGCC / Solar Power Initiatives

Enhancing Ash Uti. & Affores.

Material Flow Diagram for Thermal Power plant

Air EmissionsSPM,CO2, SO2, NOx

Electricity

Fuel ( Coal, Gas, LDO/HFO)

Air

Aux.Power

Recycled Water

Water

ASH (Coal)

Waste

Lub Oil/ Grease

Ferrous Scraps

Non Ferrous Scraps

Batteries

Bio-Medical Waste

Effluents

Main Plant Eff.

Ash Pond Eff. (Coal)

Domestic Eff.Domestic Waste

Air Emissions: SPM, SO2, NOx & CO2

• SPM Reduction (Design Approach) • ESP Retrofit

–Dummy Field Filling at Singrauli,

Ramagundam

– Replacement of Electrical energisation

system at Unchahar (St-1), Singrauli,

Rihand ( St-1), Ramagundam (St-1 &2),

Farakka, Korba, Badarpur, Tanda

– Additional Fields at Badarpur, Talcher

Thermal

350

150

100

SP

M (

mg

/Nm

3)

No Limit For SPM Emissionbef: 1986

Lim

it –

15

0 m

g/n

m3

( E

P A

ct

1986

)

Design Criteria (<100 mg/nm3)

Year1986 1996

• Flue Gas Conditioning

–Ammonia based FGC at following Stations

• Farakka – St-1 & 2

• Singrauli- St-1 & 2

• Rihand – St-1

• Badarpur – St-1 & 2

• Korba – St-1 & 2

–SO3 based FGC at

• Rihand St-2

Air Emissions: SPM, SO2, NOx & CO2

• NOx Emission Abatement

– High stack for Better dispersion

–low NOx wall fired coal burner Over fire

Dampers in Coal Based units

– Combustion optimization

– Water Injection, Low NOx burners & DeNOx

arrangements in Gas Based Units

– Real time NOx Measurement Systems are

available in all Gas Based units

– Real time NOx Measurement Systems are

available in new coal based units• SO2 Abatement

– Through tall stack of Height 220 mts for

200 MW units & 275 mts for 500 MW units

– Space left for FGD in 500 MW Units

– FGD has been incorporated in plant

configuration at Bongaigaon Units to burn

Assamese Coal

– Real time SO2 Measurement Systems are

available in new coal based units

• Facts about SO2 Emission

–Sulphur Content in Indian Coal is inherently

low (0.2- 0.6 %) only as compared to 2- 5 %

in western coal

– Sweetened Gas is used in Gas based power

plants, which does not have Sulphur

content.

– Real time SO2 Measurement Systems are

available in Gas Based units

Air Emissions: SPM, SO2, NOx & CO2

• CO2 Emission Abatement

–Super Critical units

–Bigger size Units (500 MW or more)

–Renovation & Modernization of Old units

–Energy efficient Systems ( VFD, Adnaced

Controllers)

–Efficiency Improvement through Energy

Conservation

–Performance Optimization through real

time efficiency monitoring (PADO etc.)

• Advantages of Super Critical Units

– Reduction for 500 Mw at 68.5% PLF

PER YEAR is approximately.

• CO2 : 78300 TONS

• SO2 : 365 TONS

• NOX : 71 TONS

• Facts about CO2 Emission

–Presently 81% of installed capacity of NTPC

is Coal based and balance is Gas based

–CDM Methodology for North Karanpura

Project has been approved by CDM Exe

Board

–Real time CO2 Measurement Systems are

under installation .

– Presently Tree Wealth of more than 18.7

Million acting as GHG sink

Supply Side

Increased use of

Non fossil energy

Improved efficiency

of power system

Nuclear or LNG thermal power generation sources

Hydroelectric, Geothermal, Solar & Wind power

Combined cycle , supercritical,IGCC thermal power plants

Use of Extra High Voltagetransmission systems

Demand Side

Energy Conservation

Regeneration

Energy conservation in industries,households , lighting etc

Development of high efficient energysaving applications

Concept of energy efficient buildings

Use of Regenerative systems in grid

Co2 Control Measures for Electricity sector

Ambient Air Quality

• Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

–61 Nos. of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Systems have been installed and

commissioned successfully at 20 NTPC

Stations.

–These systems have capability of

measurement of following parameters

–SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5 & CO2

– Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Rain fall,

Relative Humidity, Solar Radiation &

Temerature.

–These AAQMs helps to establish linkage

between emissions from TPP with Ground

Level Conc of pollutants

– Data from these AAQMS has been made

available to CPCB ( Hourly Average)

Ash Management

• Areas of Ash Utilization• Presently ash generated at Coal based plants is

used in

‒ Mine filling

‒ Roads & Railway Embankments

‒ Cement , RCC & HVFAC

‒ Ash based Bricks , Blocks , Tiles etc

‒ Agriculture

‒ Railway Concrete sleepers ( Lab Scale)

Ash Pond Management – Fugitive Emission Control

BTPS Ash Pond covered with Greenry Arrangement of Water Sprinklers

Green Cover at Ash PondLand reclamation

Effluent Management

Cycle of Concentration

• Systems Installed for Effluent Mgmt.

LWTP /STPs AT

Dadri, Badarpur, Anta, Auraiya, Singrauli, Rihand, Tanda, Unchahar, Farakka, Kahalgaon, Talcher Super, Talcher Thermal, Ramagundam, Simhadri, Kayamkulam, Vidhyachal, Sipat, Korba, Kawas & Jhanor

Effluent discharged from the above is used for horticulture purpose extensively

AWRS AT –

Rihand, Unchahar, Kahalgaon, Talcher Thermal,Talcher Super, Ramagundam, Simhadri, Vindhyachal, Sipat, Korba, Singrauli (U/c)

Above provisions at NTPC stations has resulted in Water recycling upto 85-90% at many stations

PLANT EFFLUENT IS USED FOR HORTICULTURAL PURPOSE.

WATER GRID (HDPE PIPELINE) COVERING THE ENTIRE PLANT

AREA IS AVAILABLE FOR THIS PURPOSE

RGCCPPRGCCPP

Waste Management

• Waste Management Policy.

• Lub Oil , Transformer Oil , Grease – Sold to registered recyclers ( registered with CPCB/SPCBs)

• Ferrous Scrap / Non Ferrous scarp – e Auction through MSTC/STC.

• Hazardous Waste: Member to TSDF Facilities in states

(AP,Mah,Kerala,Guj,Delhi & UP)

At other plants kept in safe, identified places.

• Batteries : Returned under buy back arrangement / obligation

• Domestic Waste : Efforts are being made to segregate waste at source for

proper disposal.

• Bio- Methanation plant : completed at Faridabad & Singrauli & being under process of award at Kawas & Dadri.(Consultancy from TERI)

• Vermi–Composting : at most of NTPC Plants

• Bio-Medical Waste : Disposed off through SPCB approved agencies for Bio-Medical waste Handling

NTPC - Committed to

protect Environment for

future generation