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Jamestown Colony (1607) Virginia Company of London gentlemen adventurers & poor servants Virginia Company of London gentlemen adventurers & poor servants April 1607, land along James River April 1607, land along James River
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English Colonization of English Colonization of the Chesapeakethe Chesapeake
How did the English encourage How did the English encourage settlement?settlement?
Joint Stock CompaniesJoint Stock Companies Investors, not crown controlledInvestors, not crown controlled Reduced British economic burden - depressionReduced British economic burden - depression
Offered settlers rights of EnglishmenOffered settlers rights of Englishmen WealthWealth
Jamestown Colony (1607)Jamestown Colony (1607)Virginia Company of London - 104 Virginia Company of London - 104
gentlemen adventurers & poor servantsgentlemen adventurers & poor servantsApril 1607, land along James RiverApril 1607, land along James River
First Colonists - ProblemsFirst Colonists - ProblemsMalarial swampMalarial swampThere to find riches – goldThere to find riches – gold
No gold – economy in shamblesNo gold – economy in shamblesDid not plant food – hoped to trade with Did not plant food – hoped to trade with
IndiansIndians
John SmithJohn Smith• 38 of the 104 remained nine months later - disease or starvation38 of the 104 remained nine months later - disease or starvation
• John Smith, the colonial leader, begins to make changesJohn Smith, the colonial leader, begins to make changes• Colonists largely unmotivatedColonists largely unmotivated• Smith leaves Jamestown in 1609Smith leaves Jamestown in 1609
• When the new governor arrived he found the colonists, “their daily and When the new governor arrived he found the colonists, “their daily and usual works, bowling in the streets.”usual works, bowling in the streets.”
How was Jamestown Saved?How was Jamestown Saved?Tobacco – John Tobacco – John
Rolfe – 1616Rolfe – 1616Right climateRight climateDemand in EuropeDemand in Europe
How to replace the How to replace the people? people? Headright SystemHeadright SystemIndentured ServantsIndentured Servants
Population of the LandPopulation of the LandPlantationsPlantations
Spread out Spread out along riversalong rivers
Towns did not Towns did not developdevelopPlantations Plantations
self-sufficientself-sufficient
Business BoomsBusiness Booms Tobacco production increasedTobacco production increased
from 200,000 lbs/yr in 1624from 200,000 lbs/yr in 1624 to 3 million in 1638to 3 million in 1638 to 10 million in 1660to 10 million in 1660
Tobacco became the economic engine for Tobacco became the economic engine for the Virginia colonythe Virginia colony
This This plantation economyplantation economy developed developed throughout the Chesapeake and eventually throughout the Chesapeake and eventually into the deep south and remained the core into the deep south and remained the core industry of the south through the Civil War.industry of the south through the Civil War.
Labor Source of the ChesapeakeLabor Source of the ChesapeakeLandowners needed someone to Landowners needed someone to
perform manual labor of planting, perform manual labor of planting, tending and harvesting cropstending and harvesting cropsIndentured servants – 1610s – late Indentured servants – 1610s – late
1600s1600sAfrican slaves – late 1600s – 1865African slaves – late 1600s – 1865
First slaves - 1619First slaves - 16191650 – 300 slaves1650 – 300 slaves1700 – 13,000 slaves1700 – 13,000 slaves
Relationship with Native Relationship with Native AmericansAmericans
At first, the English were completely At first, the English were completely dependent dependent
Trading relationship - Indians coveted Trading relationship - Indians coveted British weapons and metal toolsBritish weapons and metal tools
Expansion caused tensionsExpansion caused tensions Tobacco required landTobacco required land Led to conflicts between Virginians and Native Led to conflicts between Virginians and Native
tribestribes1632 - peace treaty was signed1632 - peace treaty was signed
Jamestown Religion & Jamestown Religion & EducationEducation
Not a priority in the culture of VirginiaNot a priority in the culture of VirginiaLack of towns and widespread Lack of towns and widespread
populationpopulation
Religion: Most folks were AnglicansReligion: Most folks were AnglicansEducation Education
Wealthy hired tutors or sent to EuropeWealthy hired tutors or sent to EuropePoor worked as apprentices Poor worked as apprentices
Jamestown Government Jamestown Government Colonial legislature Colonial legislature
- - House of House of BurgessesBurgesses (est. (est. 1619)1619)First legislative First legislative
body in North body in North AmericaAmerica
Controlled by Controlled by aristocracyaristocracy
Vote - white, male, Vote - white, male, landownerlandowner
Maryland - 1632Maryland - 1632Proprietary ColonyProprietary ColonyLord George Calvert – Lord George Calvert –
debt from Crowndebt from CrownHaven for CatholicsHaven for Catholics
Acts of TolerationActs of Toleration
Maryland EconomyMaryland EconomyPlantation economy very much like Plantation economy very much like
JamestownJamestownProduced tobaccoProduced tobaccoPracticed slaveryPracticed slavery
Southern ColoniesSouthern ColoniesSingle cash crop – plantation Single cash crop – plantation
economieseconomiesCarolinas – Proprietary colonyCarolinas – Proprietary colony
Rice and indigoRice and indigo