English Book for Posgraduate Students 3 Unit

7/26/2019 English Book for Posgraduate Students 3 Unit

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English Book for Posgraduate Studies

POSGRADUATE SCHOOL - UNPRG Pgina57


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Module 3: Narrate important moments in the past.

3.1. Talking about past activities:

Where was it?

1.

Read these conversations.

1. A: I can't find my pen!

B: Here it is.

A: Thanks! Where was it?

B: It was under the newspaper.

2. A: I can't find my keys!

B: Here they are.

A: Thanks! Where werethey?

B: They were on the shelf.

2.

Make conversations. Change the words ln italics.

a. map in the paperbin

b. shoes under the bed

c. glasses in the drawer

d. mobile phone on the table

3. Make questions as the model. Who was/ were.....?

Example: Charles Darwin.

Who was Charles Darwin? He was a naturalist.

1.

Jorge Basadre: _________________________________

2.

Mother Teresa: _________________________________

3. Jane Austen: _________________________________

4. Winston Churchill: _________________________________

5.

Edith Piaf and Kurt Cobain: _________________________________

6. Albert Einstein: _________________________________

7. Sandro Baylon and Johan Cruyff: ____________________________

8.

Shirley Temple: __________________________________9. Alan Rickman: __________________________________

actoractressfootballershistoriannaturalist

- nunpoliticianscientistsingerswriter


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4.

Look at these sentences and answer the questions:

a. It isn'there now. b. It washereyesterday.

c. Theyaren'there now. d. They werehereyesterday.

1. Look at the sentences a and b, what differences can you see?

______________________________________________________________________

2. Look at the sentences c and d, what differences can you see?

______________________________________________________________________

SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF VERB TO BE

5. Study the tables:

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

I wasthere. I wasntat home.

He wasat home. He wasntat the library.

She washappy. She wasn'there.

It was in Japan. It wasntin Peru.

We werebusy. We weren'ttired.

You werebusy. You werentfree.

They werein classes. They werentin the park.

QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

Wereyou at home yesterday?Yes, I was./ No, I wasnt.

Yes, we were. / No, wewerent.

Washe at the hospital last

weekend?Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt.

Wasshe tired after classes? Yes, she was. / No, she wasnt

Wasthe cat in the cage? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt.

Werewe in the classroom? Yes, we were. / No, we werent.

Were we in the classroom? Yes, you were. / No, you werent.

Werethey busy last Saturday?Yes, they were. / No, they

werent.


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Time Expressions:

Present: today this (week) this (year)

Past: yesterday last (week) last (year)

6. Make sentences about today and yesterday:

Example: Todayits hot. Yesterdayit was cold.

Today Yesterday

1. It / hot It / cold

2. I / at school I / not at school

3. She / happy She / unhappy

4. They / busy They / not busy

5. He / tired He / busy

6. We / at school We / at home

7. Complete with wasor were:

1.

There ______two people on the beach.

2. I ________ bored.

3. He ________ in Australia last year.

4.

The film ________ awful.

5. We ________ in New York in February.

6.

Their bags _______ beside them.

7.

My parents ________ there yesterday.

8. It ______ very hot in the mountains.

8.

Read and listen the article and answer the questions.

a) Who started the race? b) Who left the race? c) Who finished the race?

Alone at sea

Debra and Andre Vealentered a 3,000-milerowing race across theAtlantic from Tenerife toBarbados. There werethirty-four other rowingteams. They started therace together, 5but after

two weeks Andrew leftthe race because he wasfrightened of the ocean.

Debra didnt want to stopthe race, and she decidedto continue. She rowed theremaining 2,290 milesalone. The journey took113 days. 10Debra arrivedin Barbados seventy daysafter the winning team,

but for most people shewas the hero of the race.The editor of The Times

wrote, The winner of therace is the girl who camelast.


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9.

Listen to radio programme about Debra Veal. Underline the correct

information.

a) Debra was / wasnt angry with her husband.

b)

Debra was / wasntworried about big ships.

c) The shark was / wasntinterested in Debra.

d) Debra was / wasntembarrassed about coming last.

e)

Debra was / wasnthappy about finishing the race.

10. Match the two columns:

11.

What did they do last weekend?Look at the pictures and ask questions as the

examples:

Example:1. A. Did he listen to music?

B. Yes, he did

2. A. Did they clean their room?

B. No, they didnt.

It was cold

They werent cold

He was thirsty

She was in bed because

...it was 11.30 p.m.

...She was ill.

...the film was awful.

...the window was open.

He was tired

They were bored

...it was a hot day.

...the bottle was empty.


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12. Steven and Mary are talking about countries and places they visited:

Read and practice the conversations:

Steven: Hi, Im Stella. Im from the United States.

Whats your name?

Mary: My names Mary. Im from Australia.

Steven: Did you like Sacsayhuaman?

Mary: It was great. But I liked Machu Picchu more.

Steven: When did you visit it?

Mary: I visited it yesterday.

Steven: Did you like Coricancha Temple?Mary: Yes, I did. I liked it a lot.

Steven: Did you visit the Chincheros market?

Mary: Yes, I did. And I bought a lot of souvenirs.

Steven: Thats great!

13. SPEAKING: Prepare your own conversation using the dialogue in activity 9 as

model.

Machu Picchu

Coricancha Temple

Chincheros market

Sacsayhuaman

listen to music shave the face cook dinner ride a bike

water the plants watch TV talk on the phone wash the dishes


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14.

Complete the sentences with the most accurate form of the verb in parentheses

simple past tense:

a. She (live) __________ in Tucume last year.

b. They (work) __________ in the garden yesterday.

c. I (start) _________ my homework last night.

d. He (help) ____________ his children do the homework.

e. Adela (talk) _________ on the phone last night.

f. The student (ask) _________ some questions to the teacher.

g. The little boy (watch) ___________ T.V. at home.

15. Look at the examples, and complete the blanks:

a. Most regular verbs form the simple past tense adding______to the end of the verb.

For example: work worked play played.

b. If a word ends in an ewe just add the_____to the end:

Example: livelived loveloved

c. If the word ends in a Consonant + Vowel + Consonant, we _______ the final

consonant and add_____.

Example: stopstopped admitadmitted

d. If a two-syllable verb ends in a Consonant + Vowel + Consonant, we do not______the final consonant when the stress is on the firstsyllable.

Example: happenhappened enterentered

e.We do not_______the final consonant when the word ends in ___, ____or ____ or

when the final syllable is not stressed.

Example: fixfixed enjoy enjoyed, snowsnowed

f.If the verb ends in Consonant + Vowel + L,we normally_______the final Land add

______.

Note: In the United States (US) they DO NOT double the Lwhen the accent is on the

first syllable.

Example: travel traveled (US), travelled(UK)

16. Listen to the conversation very carefully. Who did the action? Write T for

Tom, and L for Lisa:

did skateboarding

did the homework

had a meet friends

had dinner in a Chinese restaurant


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helped mom

helped dad

listened to music

play in the computer

played football

saw a film

stayed at home

stayed in bed until 10

washed the car

watched TV

went to a friends house

went to the cinema

went to the museum

went to the park

17. Now, listen to the conversation again and complete the chart:

TOM

Friday

evening

Saturday

morning

Saturday

afternoon

Saturday

evening

Sunday

morning

Sunday

afternoon

LISA

Friday

evening

Saturday

morning

Saturday

afternoon

Saturday

evening

Sunday

morning

Sunday

afternoon

18. Listen to the story about Oliver Twist and complete the text. Use the verbs

from the chart:

Oliver (1) _______ in a workhouse. He didnt have

enough food and he (2) _________ for more. He (3)

__________ to leave the workhouse. He (4)

____________ to London. He (5) ___________ with

Fagin and the Artful Dodger.

The Artful Dodger (6) ___________ to steal Mr.

Brownlows wallet. Mr. Brownlow (7) __________ Oliver. Fagin and the Artful

Dodger (8) _________ a big house and (9) ___________ Oliver through a window. Mr.

Brownlow (10) ___________ Oliver a gold locket. Mr. Brownlow (11) __________ to

help Olivers mother a long time ago. Mr. Brownlow (12) __________ to help Oliver.

triedvisitedwalkedpromisedlivedpushedasked

looked afterwanteddecidedshowed - sta ed

lived


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19. Read the text again and answer the questions:

1. Where did Oliver live? __________________________

2. Why did Oliver ask for more food? __________________________

3. Where did Oliver go? __________________________

4. Who wanted to steal Mr. Brownlows wallet? __________________________

5. Who wanted to leave the workhouse? __________________________

6. Who looked after Oliver? __________________________

7. What did Mr. Brownlow show him? __________________________

8.Why did Mr. Brownlow want to help Oliver? __________________________

9. Why do you think Mr. Brownlow promised to help Olivers mother?

___________________________________________________________________10. How do you think the story finished? __________________________

___________________________________________________________________

20. Listen the text again. Do the verbs end with a d sound, a t sound or an

id sound? Put the verbs into the correct column:

21. Practice the pronunciation of the Regular Verbs:

tried

d sound t sound id sound

walked visited

GROUP AVoiceless sound: p, k,

s, ch, sh, f, x, or h = /t/

AskedBrushedEscapedDancedDressedFinishedFixedLaughedMixedStopped

Watched

GROUP BVoiced sound: L, v, n, m, r,b, v, g, w, y, z and vowel

sounds

Advised AgreedAllowed AnsweredArrived BelongedCalled CleanedClosed CriedDescribed DiedEnjoyed WelcomedPulled ShowedYawned Remembered

GROUP C

T or Dpronounce ED

as /id/

AcceptedPresentedGraduatedCollectedRentedScoldedShoutedVisitedWaitedWanted

Hated


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SIMPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR VERBS

Affirmative Negative Questions

I

worked.

I

didntwork. Did

I

work?

you you you

he/ she he/ she he/she

we we we

you you you

they they they

22. Answer these questions in short form:

1. Did you study English yesterday? ___________________

2. Did your sister stay in a new house? ___________________

3. Did your friend Jose work in March? ___________________

4. Did you learn Portuguese last year? ___________________

5. Did Maria wash her car yesterday? ___________________

6. Did the class start at eight? ___________________

7. Did Jorge look for an apartment last weekend? ___________________

8. Did you practice the pronunciation of verbs? ___________________

9. Did he clean his bedroom all day? ___________________

10. Did you get good grades in the exam? ___________________

What did you study? I studiedEnglish.

Short Answers

Didyou studyEnglish?

Yes, I did.

No, I didnt.

QUESTIONS:


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SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS

23.

SPEAKING: Practice these exchanges using the verbs from the table:

1. a. Where did you go? b. I ...........to Los Angeles.

2. a. What did you buy? b. I ............a pair of shoes.

3. a. When did you come to Chiclayo? b. I ..........here in 2010.

4. a. Who ate the cake? b. Teresa..........

5. a. What did you do last night? b. I (ride) ............the bike.

What did

I

do?

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

I

boughta new book.

You

He

She

It

We

They

Did

I

wake up at 7:00 a.m.?

you

he

she

it

we

they

Yes,No,

I

did.didnt.

you

he

she

it

we

they

IRREGULAR VERBSbreakbroke buybought comecame cutcuteatate getgot gowent havehadleaveleft loselost meetmet riderodeseesaw sendsent singsang speakspokeswim - swam taketook teachtaught write - wrote


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24.

Can you make more questions?

6. a._________________________ b.____________________________

7. a. _________________________ b. ____________________________

8. a. _________________________ b. ____________________________

9. a. _________________________ b. ____________________________

10, a. ________________________ b. ____________________________

25. Read this short biography: Andrea Bocellis life

Andrea was born inTuscany, Italy in 1958. Itwas evident at birth that hehadproblems with his sightand after visits to manydoctors, Bocelli wasdiagnosed with glaucoma. In

1970, at the age of 12, hecompletely lost his sightafter an accident during a

soccer game. He lovesmusic so much that when hewas a teenager he won anumber of singing

competitions. He travelledto Pisa to attend university,taking a degree in Law.After graduating he spentone year as a courtappointed lawyer. To earnmoney Bocelli performedevenings in piano bars. Itwas there, in 1987, that hemet his future wife, Enrica.In Turin he met FrancoCorelli who helpedhim and

encouraged him to studymusic. In 1992, he metLuciano Pavarotti and bothperformed a duet, but he

was still unknown to thepublic.A young lady CaterinaCaselli Sugar, president of

Sugar label, one of thecountry's longest establishedmusic companies heardhimat a private party and invitedhim to visit her office. Sheinvited him to take part inSan Remo Song Festival. Hewon the competition. She ishis manager now. Afterthat, the list of successes isunfinished. In 1998 hedebuted internationally and

he continues getting prizesall over the world.

Answer the questions according to the reading:

1. Where was he born? _____________________________________

2. When was he born? _____________________________________

3. What did he do before 1987? _____________________________________

4. When did he meet Enrica? _____________________________________

5. Who was she? _____________________________________

6. Who did he perform a duet with? _____________________________________

7. Where did he win an important competition?____________________________


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26. Read Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Biography and say if the statements are

True (T) or False (F):

Every January, schools and many government offices close down to honor

the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Students appreciate MartinLuther King Day and many other holidays mostly because they give them

a break from school. However, there is a deeper reason to be thankful on

MLK Day. Lets look at Kings inspirational character, his

accomplishments, and the ways in which he improved our country and our

lives.

Born on January 15, 1929, King was the third generation of men in his family to graduate with

honor from Morehouse College. He distinguished himself for his academic and theological

excellence at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania, and then went on to earn his

doctorate from Boston University. He met and married Coretta Scott in Boston, and together

they raised two daughters and two sons. King became the pastor of a Baptist church in

Montgomery, Alabama in 1954.

Upset by the unjust way African Americans were treated, King decided to become actively

involved in fighting for their civil rights. He was an executive member of the National

Association for the Advancement of Colored People, often known today by the initials:

NAACP. When Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white

passenger, King was asked to be the leader of a non-violent bus boycott that lasted 382 days. In

spite of dangerous attacks on his church, his home, and his family, King never lost his faith or

his determination.

Though his home was bombed and he was arrested, he fearlessly led the fight. The boycott was

successful, ending the separation of races on public transportation, and making the whole nation

aware of the need for civil rights reform.

Elected as the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King used the

peaceful methods of another important human rights activist, Mahatma Gandhi, combined with

his own Christian faith, to promote equal rights for people of all races. He traveled around the

country, giving over 2,500 speeches and writing articles and books. He organized opportunities

for African Americans to register to vote.

Dr. Kings most famous speech was in front of 250,000 people who gathered after a peaceful

march on Washington, D.C. In his speech, King spoke of his dream that his descendants would

one day live in a world where they would be judged by their accomplishments rather than by the

color of their skin. His inspirational words are still some of the most quoted today. He met with

Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. His work caused him to be arrested bysome, and honored by others. When King was just 35 years old, he was awarded the Nobel

Peace Prize. He donated the money earned from the prize right back into the fight for civil

rights.

Had Dr. King been able to live out his full life, there is no doubt he would have continued to be

a force of change for civil rights. Unfortunately, his life was cut short by an assassins bullet.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. died on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was

preparing to lead another protest march for the rights of workers who were being treated

unfairly. Each January, we celebrate his birthday in order to honor his dream, and remember all

that he did to protect the rights of the people of the United States.

True False


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1. Martin Luther King was born was born in 1935. _____ _____

2. Theres a special day to honour him in the U.S.A. _____ _____

3. He was married and had four children. _____ _____

4. He fought against white people abuses. _____ _____

5. His family suffered the consequences of his attitude. _____ _____

6. He was elected president of his country. _____ _____

7. He used peaceful methods for human rights. _____ _____

8. Some famous American Presidents met him. _____ _____

9. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. _____ _____

10. He wasted the money from the prize.

27. Complete the statements:

1. In 1954 he became ____________________________________________________

2. He travelled around the country to promote_________________________________

3. His most famous speech inspired _________________________________________

4. He led a non-violent bus boycott protesting for Rosa Parks _____________________

5. He was ___________ and _____________ by many people.

28.

Speaking:

1. Do you think the things that Dr. King was fighting for were important? Why, or why

not?

2. Would it be fair if your teacher treated people in your classroom with brown eyes

differently than people with blue eyes? Why, or why not?

3. People sometimes still do not get along because of their differences. Think of a time

that someone was treated unfairly because of their race or culture. What should have

been done differently?


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29.

Civil Rights Word Search: Find the words in the puzzle below.

R D I O T J Q Q M M D U F E Y Y C S T K O Z H

R J E T H P Q J A Q E V E Q P H T L A L Q W E

I E G Z B P E Y E V T M Y J A I J I H B S O B

J C T N I M O A R U I E B N E U S E L M O V Z

F J M C I N F O D B N P G V S L E A D A L A B

V P Y X A K A B J Z U E A T A N Y F L Z U F N

V J P Y I R R G F V N A I P B T E L V X W Q D

N Z V U E Z A E R Q B C U L I C T V K P W I I

H S K U T Y T H H O E E Z L I Z Q N Z A T E Q

A R Y T G E A K C T E F A V F Q H R I Z E C C

T T O C Y O B S U B U U I N S K R A P A S O RF R E E D O M C Z D Q L M D W X H C W I V X F

X N Q I Z Z H F T E R P N M Z K C O A P K D W

Z N O N W X D Z L I M R S I H E R T J R I A F

I K A N P E R A G T L O X F T Z A S L U J O X

N B N G N R I H Z L B T U P V R M N T X Y J V

R A O D J C T L R F B E H T V G A S X S D T Q

G K Q E A S C F B T G S W M Y T F M Z Y V K S

T B S R M C Z Y L Y K T B N V S E M R H R L J

H J E C I D U J E R P I A A P J Q G R D G Y Y

A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S O C Z D K C W K

Dr. Martin Luther King

Jr

Rosa Parks

Bus boycottPeaceful protest

Racial equality

Civil rights

March

Fair

Freedom

Prejudice

OrganizedJustice

Dream

Character

Quality

Accomplishments

Change

United

Lead

30.

Read the following story, work with your partner to make 10 good questions

about it. Then, answer them:


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The legend of Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo

This legend was told byone of the most importantchronicles of the XVthcentury, Garcilaso de laVega, El Inca, who wasson of a Spanish captainand an Inca princesscalled Chimpu Ocllo.Because of that, Garcilasowas able to have manystories and legends from avery faithful source aboutthe Inca beginnings andorigins.

Near to the Titicaca Lake,the people lived likesavages, since they dont

have any kind of religiousguides that bring themtogether. They also dont

have any kind ofagricultural techniquesand textile abilities, andthat is the reason whythey were naked, living

on the caves, eating wildanimals and eating the

fruits that are in theirregion.The Sun god was concernabout these people, anddecided to bring them outto his sons, Manco Capacand Mama Ocllo, whowere also husband andwife, to civilize these

people. Manco Capactaught to the men howlive in society andworship the Sun god, andMama Ocllo taught to the

women tasks like textilesand domestics labors.Their father, the Sun godtold them that search for afertile and good land tofound the empire, thisland were the region ofthe Titicaca Lake, andgave to Manco Capac agolden stick, the one thatif it sinks thats the sign

of the promise land.

When they came to theLake, the people wholived around thought thatthey were gods, becauseof his clothing and

jewelry. Days went byand they could find agood place to found theircity, but one day theycame to a place where thegolden stick sinks, anddecided to found theirempire.The interpretation that

follows is that on theshore of the Titicaca Lakeis where the Tiawanako

people lived, and theyhelped to the foundationof the Tahuantinsuyo,since both persons,Manco Capac and MamaOcllo came from theselands, and because of thatthey were the original

descendants of theTiawanako people.

1. __________________________________ ___________________________

2. __________________________________ ___________________________

3. __________________________________ ___________________________

4. __________________________________ ___________________________

5. __________________________________ ___________________________

6. __________________________________ ___________________________7. __________________________________ ___________________________

8. __________________________________ ___________________________

9. _________________________________ ___________________________

10 ________________________________ __________________________


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31. DICTATION: Listen very carefully to the statements and write them out:

1. ________________________

2. ____________________________

3. ____________________________

4. ____________________________

5. ____________________________


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Simple Past TensePractice Review

1. Match the columns and complete the sentences:

1- We bought ____ in a fast food restaurant.

2- It was ____ to the movies.

3- I ate ____ long hair.

4- They went ____ a very good weekend.

5. She had ____ a new house last year.

2. Complete the chart:

PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

go do

listened atecame buy

have met

read work

3. Look at this:

4. Answer on your own:

1. Where did you go last Saturday? ___________________________________

2. When did you have English classes? _______________________________

3. What did you do? ___________________________________

4. Who had lunch with you yesterday? ________________________________

5. Now, make the questions for these answers:

1. _______________________________________? I ate a piece of pieat the party.

2. _______________________________________? She went to Amazonas.

3.____________________________________? They came to Lambayeque last month.

4. ________________________________________? My cousinsvisited me.

6. Writing: Write a short paragraph about your last vacations. Try to answer these

questions when writing your composition. Where did you go? What did you eat? When

Whatdid you do yesterday? I visitedsome friends.Wheredid you go? I wentto the cinema.What did you see? I sawa science-fiction movie.

Whoate pizza? Elenaatepizza yesterday.When did you have breakfast? I had breakfastin the morning.


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did you go there? Who went with you? How long did you stay there? etc. (Use and,

and but when be necessary)

My last vacations

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________


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Relative pronouns: who, that, which

32. Using That, Which, and Who as Relative Pronouns

That, which, and whowhen used as relative pronouns each has a distinct function.

In modern speech, which refers only to things. Who (or its forms whom and whose)

refers only to people. Thatnormally refers to thingsbut it may refer to a class or type

of person.

That is a book whichI need for the class.

These are the books thatI need for the class.

He is the man whowill be teaching the class.

They are the type of people whowould lie to their mothers.

They are the type of people thatwould lie to their mothers. (That is OK here

because it is a class or type.)

33. Complete the blanks using Who, What or Which:

1. I talked to the girl _______car had broken down in front of the shop.

2. Mr. Richards, _______is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.

3.

We often visit our aunt in Norwich _________ is in East Anglia.

4. This is the girl ________comes from Spain.

5. That's Peter, the boy ________has just arrived at the airport.

6.

Thank you very much for your e-mail _______ was very interesting.

7. The man, _________ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.

8. The children, ________shouted in the street, are not from our classroom.

9.

The car, _______ driver is an old man, is from Scotland.

10.What did you do with the money _______your mother lent you?

34. Join the sentences as the example:

Students dont pay attention. / Students dont get good grades.

Students who dont pay attention dont get good grades.

2. People eat too much candy. / People get sick.

______________________________________________________________________

3. The people stole the money. / The people fought the police.

______________________________________________________________________

4. People are always happy. / People make many friends.


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______________________________________________________________________

5. Cats eat too much. / Cats get fat.

______________________________________________________________________

6. Bugs eat animals. / Bugs are interesting.

______________________________________________________________________

7. Walmarts dont have Japanese music. / Walmarts dont get Japanese customers.

______________________________________________________________________

8. Cities have subways. / Cities are usually famous.

_____________________________________________________________________

35. Choose the best answer:

1. People ________ live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.

a. who b. which c. that

2. She prefers to watch movies ______ make her cry.


3. He bought all the books ________ are required for the course.


4. The police were able to find no evidence against her, _____ surprised no one who

knows her well.


5. Tatiana Verona's children, ______ all graduated from college, came home for her

eightieth birthday.


6. Predictably, the students _____ did best were not the ones who stayed up all night

studying.


7. She wanted to buy a scarf _______ would complement her blue eyes.


8. The answers, ________ you can find in the back of the book, are sometimes

incorrect.


36. Answer the questions, use the hint for each one:


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1. Which dog is sleeping? / (Hint: is wearing a hat)

The dog that is wearing a hat is sleeping.

2. Which man is smoking? / (Hint: is wearing sunglasses)

______________________________________________________________________

3. Which woman is driving? / (Hint: is eating)

______________________________________________________________________

4. Which boy is running? / (Hint: is playing soccer)

______________________________________________________________________

5. Which man is singing? / (Hint: is playing guitar)

______________________________________________________________________

6. Which people are at the beach? / (Hint: are playing volleyball)

______________________________________________________________________

37. Match the sentence halves about Oliver Twistsstory:

1. Oliver was a poor boy a. that took Mr. Brownlows wallet.

2. The Artful Dodger was a thief b. that belonged to Olivers mother.

3. Fagin and the Artful Dodger took Oliver to a

house

c. that was in Mr. Brownlows house.

4. Mr. Brownlow showed Oliver a locket d. that lived in a London workhouse.5. Oliver looked like the lady in the picture e. that they wanted to rob.

38. Now, write out the sentences replacingthatwith whoor which.

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________


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3.2. The animal kingdom:

1. Answer these questions:

a. What animals do you know? Make a list of them.

b. Do you have a pet at home?c. Whats its name?

2. Lets look at the pictures, can you identify them? Whats its name? Where is it

from?

3.Vocabulary: Parts of animal bodies: Listen and Practice

4. Read the following texts very quickly to find this information:

Chameleons can move their eyes in two different directionsat the same time. This helps them to spot their enemies and

their food. They eat bugs and are famous for their ability to

change colour. As a chameleons grows, its skin doesnt.

When it gets tight, they lose it. Their old skin is quite tasty so

theyofteneat it. If you see a chameleon sleeping during the

day, or with one or both eyes closed, then, he is sick. They

neversleep during the day.

earfur

tail

beak

feathers

wings

Legs


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a. Which animal can change colour? ___________________

b. Which animal cant move its tongue? ___________________c. Which animal doesnt sleep during the day? ___________________

d. Which animal likes to dance? ___________________

e. Which animal can swallow its food? ___________________

f. Which animal eats its own skin? ___________________

g. Which male animal can have babies? ___________________

4. ANIMAL QUIZ: What do you know about these animals?

1. How long does a reindeer live? a. 10 years b. 20 years c. 30 years

2. Where does a reindeer live? a. in Africa b. in tropical forests c. in the Arctic

3. How many wings has a penguin got? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4

4. When does a snowy owl sleep? a. at night b. during day c. both

Crocodiles run fast and sometimes jump

to catch their food. When they see their

food, they open their strong jaws and

swallow it. The food goes straight down totheir stomach. Crocodiles grow new teeth

to replace their old ones all the time but

they never clean their teeth. And they

cant move their ton ues.

Seahorses or hippocampus can change colour to

protect themselves from their enemies. Male

seahorses are the only males on the planet thathave babies! The female leaves her eggs in the

males pouch. The male carries them for a month

and then there they are: A thousand tiny babies!

Seahorses have one partner during their lifetime.

Each morning the couples dance together. Their

danceusuall lasts for several minutes.


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5. How does a seal swim? a. with their tail. b. wither legs c. with their flippers

6. What do penguins usually eat? a. seals b. fish c. polar bears

7. How tall are polar bears? a. 8 -10 feet b. 2 -3 feet c. 1517 feet

8. Who/What is the Arctic wolfs only real enemy? a. cold b. man c. polar bears

5. Writing: My lovely pet

Write a text describing your pet. Its name, age, place of living, physical

appearance, food, abilities, etc.

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________


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3.3.Describe recent events and experiences:

WONDERFUL PLACES

1. Read the brochure:

2. Lets talk about life experiences.

In pairs, ask your partner these or other questions about life experiences, then

comment to the class.

Answer the questions:

a. Have you ever travelled abroad? __________________________________

b. Have you ever visited this Island? __________________________________

c. What exotic place have you gone to? __________________________________

d. Have you ever eaten ants? __________________________________

e. Have you ever sung in a concert? __________________________________

f. Have you ever ridden on a camel? __________________________________

g. Have you ever traveled in a caballito de totora? _____________________________

h. Have you ever studied Chinese? __________________________________

i. Have you ever read a science fiction book? _________________________________

j. Have you ever written a poem? __________________________________

Have you ever visited the most

exotic place in the world?

Have you ever danced raga-

raga or reggae?

Have you drunk the famous

cocktail coco-loco?

Have you heard about the Seaof the Seven Colors?

If your answer is No! We invite you to

come to San Andres, in the Atlantic Ocean.

It includes: lodging, food and scuba diving

lessons.

You will also have a tour to Jonny Kay, a

beautiful island.

We have a wonderful package tour for you.

SAN ANDRES ISLAND

Go to your nearest travel agency or call

1-800-211-0980

Were waiting for you!


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THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. Unfinished Actions

We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions that

started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to

say 'how long' an action or state has continued with 'since' and 'for'.

Often, we use stative verbs in this situation:

I've known Karen since1994.

She's livedin Londonforthree years.

'Since' and 'For'

We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last

year, two hours ago). The fixed time can be another action, indicated

with the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived):

I've known Samsince1992.

I've liked chocolatesinceI was a child.

She's beenheresince2pm.

We use 'for'with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months):

I've known Julieforten years.

I've been hungry forhours.

She's had a cold fora week.

B. Finished Actions

B1: Life experience: (we don't say when the experience happened, just sometime in

the past)

I have beento Tokyo.

She has livedin Germany.

They have visitedParis three times.

We havenever seenthat film.

Haveyou ever read'War and Peace'?

B2: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result)

I've lostmy keys (so I can't get into my house).

She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).

They've missed the bus (so they will be late).

I've cookeddinner (so you should come and eat).

We use the present perfect tense to express experiences oractions that started in the past and continue to the present.


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B3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today, in the last year)

I haven't seenher this month.

She's drunk three cups of coffee today.

This week they've been shopping four times.

Note:We can't use the present perfect with a finished time word:

I've seen him yesterday.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM:

Ihave traveledto other countries since I was a girl.

Shehas goneto many places.

INTERROGATIVE FORM:

Haveyoustudied for the exam yet?

Has he alreadyboughthis first car?

NEGATIVE FORM:

I haventtravelledabroad.Paul hasnt livedin Africa.

Have you ever travelled abroad? Yes, I have. / No I havent.

Has she gotten a good job? Yes, she has. / No, she hasnt.

Subject + have + verb (past participle) + complement

have + not = havent

has + not = hasnt

Have + subject + verb (past participle) + complement?

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Subject + have + NOT + verb (past participle) +

Use have for I, You, We, They.

Use has for He, She, It.

Short answers:


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3. Find the past participle of the following verbs and complete the chart.

PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE

Need find

play build

visit eat

enjoy drink

study come

discover maketravel teach

plan read

ask write

dance have

4. Look at the pictures and give logical sentences using the preset perfect tense.

Example:

Theyhave doneexercises for two hours.___________________________________________

a. _________________________________________

b. _________________________________________

CONTRACTIONS

AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM

I have - Ive

You haveYouve

He hasHes

She hasShes

It hasIts

We haveWeve

They haveTheyve

I have notI havent

You have notYou havent

He has notHe hasnt

She has notShe hasnt

It has notIt hasnt

We have notWe havent

They have not

They


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c. ________________________________________

d. _________________________________________

e. _________________________________________

5. Complete the following sentences usingyetoralready:

a. Have you written the report ______?b. I havent received my mail _______.

c. I have ___________ packed my suitcase.

d. Has she visited her grandparents ______?

e. The secretary hasnt answered the letter ________.

6. Complete the following text with for, since, yet, or already:

This is Teresa and Kelly, a couple of good friends.They have ___________ decided to travel to the United

States this holiday.

They have been planning this trip __________ March.

Now, this is the opportunity to do it.

They have called their friends ________ weeks to invite them, but they havent caught

them at home__________.

Anyway, they have _____________ prepared some things and activities for their trip.

Good luck, girls!

YETALREADYWe use alreadyto say something expected did happen.

They have alreadystarted to study at school.

Yet means until now, and shows that the speaker is expecting

something to happen. Use it only in questions and negative sentences.

Have you mailed the letter yet?

No, I havent mailed it yet.


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7. Teresa and Kelly have a list of things they have to do before travelling. Write

down the corresponding activities using the present perfect tense. Remember to

use some time expressions (for, since, yet, already)

Example:

Teresa has already boughta new camera.

a. ___________________________________________________________

b. ____________________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________________________

d. ____________________________________________________________

e. ____________________________________________________________

f. ____________________________________________________________

g. ____________________________________________________________

h. ____________________________________________________________

8. Lets play a game!

HAVE YOU EVER EATEN FROG LEGS?

Askyour friends questions starting with Have you ever... using the prompts given

and mark for yes and for no in the squares, you can ask to add details to

explain when it happened or how often. Then, you will be able to comment on your

friends experiences:

a. been to Spain b. broken something valuable

c. drunk Tequila d. visited the Eiffel Tower

e. eaten snails f. got a detention

g. broken a leg or an arm h. been on TV.

i. betrayed a secret j. been deprived of mobile in an office

k. been to Euro Disney l. stolen in a shop

m. betrayed your best friend n. slept in classes

TERESA KELLY

Buy a new camera. wash the windows

pay the bills buy an umbrella for the sunprotection

mop the floor get beds made

book the tickets pack the suitcases


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9. Write a list of things that you have already done and things that you havent

done yet.

10. Try to find things that you did but your partner didnt last weekend.You may

use these verbs:

11. Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the examples.

a. Ike is driving a car but he's very nervous and not sure what to do.

You ask: Have you driven a car before?

He says: No, this is the first time I've driven a car.

b. Jack is playing tennis. He's not very good and he doesn't know the rules.

You ask: Have________________________?

He says: No, this is the first_______________

c. Jacinta is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable.

You ask: ______________________________

She says: ______________________________

d. Macey is in London. She has just arrived and it's very new for her.

You ask: _______________________________

She says: _______________________________

THINGS ALREADY DONE

__________________________________________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

___________________________

THINGS NOT YET DONE

____________________________________________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

____________________________

eatcleanmovesleeplistenplaybuywatchvisitkneel

ride - spillwakeweartearrideburnfeedhidelendmake

win - breakspendswimreadsee -


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12. A LIFE LINE: Look at the information about Mr. Grandsons life:

Now, make sentences about James Grandsons life up to now. Use the words given:

Example:

James / live/ in London: - James has livedin London for39 years.

- James has livedin Londonsince1977

a. James/ finish/ school/

b. James/ work / Miracle/

c. James / be / manager/

d. James / meet / Karoline/

e. They / be married/

f. James / buy/ bigger house/

g. His first son / finish/ high school

13. What about you? Prepare your personal lifeline, give 10 good details and then

make some sentences using the present perfect tense.

__________________________________ ______________________________

__________________________________ ______________________________

__________________________________ ______________________________

__________________________________ ______________________________

__________________________________ ______________________________

1972James is born in Canada

1977James and his family move to London.

1989James finishes school

1996He starts working for Miracle, an American a company

1998 - He is promoted to manager at Miracle

2000James meets Karoline.

2004James and Karoline get married

2005James Jr. is born

2010He buys a bigger house

2012His second child is born

2015His first son finishes high school


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14. Simple Past / Present Perfect

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate

tenses.

1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"

B: I don't know. I ___________________ (see, never) that movie.

2. Sam _____________ (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.

3. My best friend and I ______________ (know) each other for over fifteen years. We

still get together once a week.

4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He_____________ (write) ten very creative short stories

in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.

5. I ______________ (have, not) this much fun since I ____________ (be) a kid.

6. Things _______________ (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first

__________ (start) working here three years ago, the company _____________ (have,

only) six employees. Since then, we________________ (expand) to include more than2000 full-time workers.

7. I ____________ (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he _________

(wander) off into the forest and ______________ (be) bitten by a snake.

8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you _____________ (miss) the bus this morning. You

______________ (be) late to work too many times. You are fired!

9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he___________

(see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________


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10. How sad! George ___________ (dream) of going to California before he died, but

he didn't make it. He _______________ (see, never) the ocean.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling ______________ (become) much easier and very

comfortable. In the 19th century, it ________________ (take) two or three months to

cross North America by covered wagon. The trip __________ (be) very rough and often

dangerous. Things ___________________ (change) a great deal in the last hundred and

fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you _________________ (change) since the last

time I ____________ (see) you. You _______________ (grow) at least a foot!

13. This tree ______________ (be) planted by the settlers who ______________

(found) our city over four hundred years ago.

14. This mountain _________________ (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several

mountaineers _________________ (try) to reach the top, but nobody ____________

(succeed, ever). The climb is extremely difficult and many people _____________ (die)

trying to reach the summit.

15. I ______________ (visit, never) Africa, but I _______________ (travel) to South

America several times. The last time I ______________ (go) to South America, I

_______________ (visit) Brazil and Peru. I _____________(spend) two weeks in theAmazon, ______________(hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and _______________

(fly) over the Nazca Lines.

Lets have fun!

LADY (Kenny Rogers)

Listen and complete the blanks. Then, sing along!

Lady, I'm your knight in shining armor and I love youYou ___________ (1) me what I am and I am yours

My love, there's so many ways I want to say I love you

Let me hold you in my arms forever more

You __________ (2) and made me such a fool

I'm so lost in your love

And oh, we belong together

Won't you believe in my song?

Lady, for so many years I thought I'd never find you


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You __________ (3) into my life and made me whole

Forever let me wake to see you each and every morning

Let me hear you whisper softly in my ear

In my eyes I see no one else but you

There's no other love like our love

And yes, oh yes, I'll always want you near me

I____________ (4) for you for so long

Lady, your love's the only love I need

And beside me is where I want you to be

'Cause, my love, there's somethin' I want you to know

You're the love of my life, you're my lady


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LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS

Infinitive Simple Past Past Participle

arise arose arisen

awake awoke awoken

be was, were beenbeat beat beaten

become became become

begin began begun

bend bent bent

bet bet bet

bind bound bound

bite bit bitten

bleed bled bled

blow blew blown

break broke broken

breed bred bredbring brought brought

build built built

burn burned / burnt burned / burnt

buy bought bought

catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

cling clung clung

come came come

cost cost cost

creep crept crept

cut cut cut

deal dealt dealt

dig dug dug

dive dove dived

do did done

draw drew drawn

dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed/ dreamt

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feed fed fed

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

fit fitted fitted

fly flew flown

forbid forbade forbidden

forecast forecast forecast

oresee foresaw foreseen

foretell foretold foretold

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

forsake forsook forsakenfreeze froze frozen

get got gotten

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grownhang hung hung

have had had

hear heard heard

hide hid hidden

hit hit hit

hold held held

hurt hurt hurt

keep kept kept

kneel knelt knelt

knit knitted knitted

know knew knownlay laid laid

lead led led

learn learned / learnt learned / learnt

leave left left

lend lent lent

let let let

lie lay lain

lie lied lied

light lit lit

lose lost lost

make made made

mean meant meant

meet met met

mistake mistook mistaken

misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood

mow mowed mowed / mown

overcome overcame overcome

overdo overdid overdone

overdraw overdrew overdrawn

pay paid paid

prepay prepaid prepaid

put put put

read read readrewind rewound rewound

ride rode ridden

ring rang rung

rise rose risen

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

seek sought sought

sell sold sold

send sent sent

shake shook shakenshave shaved shaved / shaven


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shoot shot shot

shrink shrank / shrunk shrunk

shut shut shut

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept

slide slid slid

smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt

sow sowed sown / sowed

speak spoke spoken

spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt

spend spent spent

spread spread spread

stand stood stood

steal stole stolen

swear swore sworn

sweep swept swept

swell swelled swollen / swelled

swim swam swum

take took taken

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought

throw threw thrown

understand understood understood

undertake undertook undertaken

upset upset upset

wake up woke wokenwear wore worn

win won won

wind wound wound

withdraw withdrew withdrawn

withhold withheld withheld

withstand withstood withstood

write wrote written

Documents

English Book for Posgraduate Students 3 Unit