I am reading a book now.

He is walking at the moment.

We are just working in the garden.

al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri,

ale voastre, alai dumitale, dum­neavoastra

al nostru, a noastra, ai no~tri.

ale noastre

- alaI, ai/ale lor

mama mea

copilul meu

florile mele

casa meamy house

my mother

my child

my flowers

Se folose~te pentru a descriem 0 activitate care se petrece in momentul vorbirii:

Pronumele posesiv in limba engleza are aceea~i forma pentru toate genurile ~i nu­merele.

her al ei/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai,ale ei/sale

his al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai theirlui/sai, ale lui/sale

its a/aI, ai/ale lui, sale, ei(pentru obiecte, notiuniabstracte, animale)

your - a ta, al tau, ai tai, ale tale, youra/al dumitale,dumneavoastra

my al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale ourmele

2. Present Continuous Tense (timpul prezent continuu):

1. Pronumele posesiv:

REZUMAT

- 1 -

I

farfurie

fureul ila

paine praj ita

I'arfurioara

lingma

~erveleL ~ervct

pahar pentru oua

gratar pentru rrajitpaine

ou

sare (ele bucfltarie)

solnita

> legj

> [sr u:n]

> [IiEpkin!

>kgkapj

> Isn: ItI

> lIt lustl

> II'o:rk I

> lr leit ]plate

LECTIA 13. - PARTEA INTAI,

- 2-

fork

Azi va invitam la micul dejun. Toatc cuvintelc noi se refera la aceastatema:

napkin

egg

Exersati acelca~i cuvinte, dar In alta ordine:

salt-cellar

spoon

toaster

toast

salt

egg-cup

saucer

toast > : tOil .... t j p{line priljita

salt > IS,): It i sare (de bucatarie)

fork > r1'0: I k I furculita

egg-cup > leg karl pahar rentru oua

napkin > [nErkin] ~erveteL ~ervet

saucer > lsu: S{I "J farfurioarii

egg > leg] OLI

salt-cellar > rso:lt self,rj solnitii

spoon > Ispll:nj lingura

plate > 111kil! farfurie

toaster > ! \oll,L,'! gratar pentru priijitpaine

Completati propozi}iile in Iimba englcza, utilizand cuvintele noi:

Observati felul in care folosim cuvintele noi in prapozitii. Cititi prapozitii1e eu voce tare ~i

fili atenti la pranuntie.

Aceste pahare pentru ou5

sum foartc frumoase.

Imi place painea prajita la

miCLd dejun.

A\ em acasa ~erve(elc. ',)

ro~11.

Pot sa iau aceasta lingllra?

Pune p,linca in prajitorul

de paine!

Pori sa-mi aduci 0

farfurJoari"l')

Ei trebuie sa ellmpere 0

solnita.

Adu citteva fureu lite.

Cate oua ai mancat la

mil'ld dejun?

?'\oi toemai am cumparat

far furi i Illari.

. Acasa nu avem sare.

How many >platcs have you bought?

Have you already eatcn your >l,lash ,)

r usually cat one xgg every day.

Bring the ><ll!Cer~ , pleasc.

Do you like :>salt '!

These .Y>pO()IlS are too big.

We have brought these ::c,~gg-ClipS from

England.

Which >fnrb do you want to buy'?

The -;.;all-cellar is full.

Thc >napk ill is under your chair.

- I must have >:.1 toaster in the kitchen.

- 3 -

>lhh. lI i: rcd nEpkllh f·t

houlll J

>1 !d"n iu: brll1\~) 1111: ,'I

, r,0: S:I ]

>!lli: 1\1:\ dpst t"u la:'dj

pieilS]

>rkFn ai te/k [J/ is spu:n]

>[[)/ei Illast hai a sO'lt

\cla i I" r

>[ al b\ toush t,l:

brckl11stj

>rlli: uount hE\ so:l! Et

houlll]

Am adus aceste pahare pcntru oua din

Anglia.

Aduce-ti, va rag, farfurioarcle.

!"t-at miincat deja piiimle prajtte'!

De obicei mananc un au in fiecare zi.

Cite farfurii ai cumparat?

Trebuie sa am un prajitor de paine in

bucatarie.

Care furculi(e vrei sa Ie cumperi?

Solnita este plina.

Aceste linguri sunt prea mario

iti place sarea?

$ervetelul estc sub scaunul trlU.

Put the bread into the toaster. >lput O/a bred intu [)/i"l

toust:/I

/ rThese egg-cups arc very nice. >lD i:z eg kaps a: \ crJ

nais]

Have we red napkins at

home?

I 100e toasts for breakfast.

Bring a few forks.

Can r take this spoon?

Can you bring me a saucer?

They must buy a salt-cellar.

We don't have salt at home.

We have just bought large

plates.

How many eggs did you cat >Ihau mcni cgl UIU iu: i:t

for breakfast? ["oJ brt'klast]

Aceasta este ma~ina mea.

Casa noastra este mare.

al ei/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale

lui, sale, ei (pentm obiecte, notiuni

abstracte, animale)

al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele

al tau, a ta, ai'tai, ale tale, aI, a, ai, ale

dumitale, dumneavoastra

al lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale

> some toasts

> lwcI'liC toasters

> forty-three salt-cellars

> nincty-ninc platcs

> thirtcen napkins

> a hundred eggs

> twcI1ly-thrcc spoons

> sixty-two cgg-cup~

> onc saucer or salt

> sc\cntccn forks

-4-

> Ihi/1

> lila: r/1> [Its]

> rIII ~I in I

> I io J /]

his

its

hers

mine

yours

This is my car.

Our house is large.

cateva paini prajite

Ali relinut desigur ea, in limba engfeza, pronumele posesiv se ajla de, obieei, inainteasubsantivului:

Sunt insa situalii in care pronumele posesiv sta singur, ca un pronume independent $i nu esteurmat de substantiv. in aeest caz se sehimba $i forma pronumelui, pe care il numim pronumeposesiv independent. De exemplu:

23 de Iinguri

62 de pahare de oua

o farfurioara de sare

17 furculite

12 griitare pentm prajit paine

43 de solnite

99 de farfurii

13 ~ervetele

100 de oua

In mod sigur v-ati Insu~it foarte bine cuvintele noi. Sa Ie reluam aHituri de numere. Traduceti

In Iimba engleza:

Sa exersam, in propozitii, situatiile in care trebuie sa folosim pronumele posesiv:

r al nostru, a noastra, aiours >Ia\\az]

no~tri, ale noastre

yours >LIO.IZ] al vostru, a voastra, aiv01,itri, ale voastre

theirs >![)\'/1;1 al/a/ai/ale lor

empty > rcmptl] gol

delicious > [dlli,;>Chl delicios, savuros

fried > [I'j ,,/(.1] fript, pdijit

fat > [tEt] gras, plin de gdisime

in a hurry > 1111 CI hall' in graba, la repezeala

Aceasta este ma1,iina mea.

Aceasta ma~ina este amea.

Nu lua stiloul lui!

Ia-I pe al tau!

- Ace1,itia sunt banii lor.

Ace~ti bani sunt ai lor.

Is it > hcr car?

Those cups are> yours.

These desks are> thclrs .

They are> our cats.

They are> my shoes.

This clock is > 1m .

This is >!11" bicycle.

- Is this book >YUUIS?

These pens are > his .

That coat is > hel s .

These are> OUI apples.

Are these cigarettes> J ours?

Is this salt-cellar> thclrs ?

-5-

> jdounl lC/k hi! pen]r> [tc/k 10. z]

> [f)"is iz n/c/ mam]

I I r> [D IS manl II [) CI z1

r> [It II l1Iai ka. I/ r>: [) IS LI' II main]

Aceste stilouri sunt ale lui.

Acea haina este a ei.

Urmeaza din nou cateva cuvinte noi:

Aceasta carte este a ta?

Aceste tigari sunt ale tale?

AceasHi solnita este a lor?

Acest ceasomic este ale lui.

Este ma1,iina ei?

Acele ce~ti sunt ale tale.

Aceste birouri sunt ale lor.

Sunt pisicile noastre.

Sunt pantofii mei.

Acestea sunt merele noastre.

in exercitiul urmator, completati propozitiile:

Aceasta este bicicleta mea.

It is my car.

This car is mine.

Don't take his pen.

Take yours.

This is their money.

This money is theirs.

Ma grabesc.

Ei se grabeau.

Nu manca in graba!

Lui ii plac cartofii prajiti.

Cea~ca ta este goaHi.

Aceasta pisica este foartegrasa.

Aceste ro~ii suntdelicioase.

Is her plate> c'mpt\ ?

This > [,j l man eats too much.

Are you> ill <1 hu:ry?

I like> h'led fish.

This cheese is > lkiiciollS.

> CIl1!1t\I .

> ill :1 hurry

-6-

" r I' . 1> 110: ",ap 1/ cmplll

> i Jlli~;bj delicios, savuros

> rill Cl hari] In graba, la repezeala

> [lraiJ I fript, prajit

> [rmpti] gol

> [ fEll gras, piin de grasime

> [hi: laiks fraid pClte;tnllz]

> [dOlillt i:t ill [I hari I

Retineti urmatoarea expresie: to be in a hurry. De exemplu:

I am in a hurry.

They were in a hurry.

He likes fried potatoes.

Your cup is empty.

Don't eat in a hurry.

Pentru exersare traduceti cuvintele noi:

Briinza aceasta este delicioasa.

Acest barbat gras maniinca prea mult.

gol

Farfuria ei este goala?

fmi place pe~tele prajit.

Te grabe~ti?

gras

Folositi cuvintele noi in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

in graM

This cat is very fat.

delicios

lar acum cititi cu atentie propozitiile de mai jos In care am indus cuvintele noi:

These tomatoes are delicious. > [D/i:/ r{lll1a:l,lC:/ :1.

empty

fat

prajit

in a hurry

fried

Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine:

delicious

-7-

Urmari{i stuctura propozi(iei:

to you tomorrow.

a letter today.

Diseara voi fi acasa.

Ei vor locui Intotdeauna

aici.

Maine la ~apte vor lua ei

micul dejun.

Tatal meu va merge

maine in Anglia.

EI 0 va vizita pe mama sa

sapUimana viitoare.

Te vom a~tepta pana la

ora trci.

We >'.\1]; ,,1.\,1\, hc together.

Next week we > \\ I! 1 I '.1\ for the car.

1>'\111 ,\"l,' to him tomorrow.

Tomorrow we > \\ ill kl\ ,-' dinner in thegarden.

Next week we > \\ II: g" to London.

We > \\ ill \ \, It our parents in two days.

Tomorrow evening we >" ill Ih ' ,:11 t,)

the radio.

1I> 1,1/ Ii hi b hlHl1ll 111

/. I '-!)D I I \ !l!1l - I

> Ill!. lid II CII I'll I Ill" t d

r'fl :Iklokl

> [[)/'-I IIJi o.llI'-'I/ 11\ 111:1 I

> I f)/C! L1 1l hl.\ hil'L',-"t I!

,t'\ 11 t{lInnrnll]

/ I 'I> [mal fa:!) a 'II ~lHI til

illglflild tflIlHHOU\

La persoana a-I-a singular ~i plural (I, we) in locullui will se poate folosi

~i verbul auxiliar shall.

In limbajul uzual Insi'!, se folose~te mai des verbul auxiliar will.

Maine vom eina In gradina.

Vom [1 intotdeauna 'impreuna.

Saptamana viitoare vom plati ma~ina.

Maine 'ii voi scrie lui.

Sapti'!mana viitoare vom merge la Londra.

Peste doua zile ii vom vizita pe parintii no~tri. ­

Maine seara vom asculta radiou!'

I will be at home in theevening.

My father will go to

England tomorrow.

They will always live here.

In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile cu expresia corespunzatoare la tIlnpul viitor:

We will wait for you till

three o'clock.

They will have breakfast at

seven tomorrow.

He will visit his mother next> [hi. lid \ i/l! hl/ 111:11)/:11

week. 11-: k'! II I k I

Pronumele + verbul auxiliar + foma I-a a +

personal will verbului principal

I will come

She will write

Complementele de timp se plaseaza la inceputul sau la s[anjitlll propozi(iei. Complementelede timp, care in cazul altar timpuri se alla la mijlocul propozitiei, la acest timp tree inainteaverbului principal.

Urmeaza ciiteva exemp1e eu viitorul simplu:

in cele ce urmeaza ne vom ocupa de exprimarea ac{iunilor care se vor petrece in viitor. in

limba engleza in acest scop se folose!jte timpul Simple Future Tense r,imp1 riu.l~fl' IClh I'

Formarea lui este simpla: verbul auxiliar willi "i1] urmat de forma I-a a verbului principal,infinitivul.

-8-

Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, intr-o alta ordine:

They> \\ i II go for a walk in the

morning.

She> wi II never see it.

I > will hl' at work at five.

> Ollr parents wi II cOll1e to liS tornorrO\\'.

> Next weeK I will try to make a bookcase.

> The slin \\ill ,;hillL~ tomorrow.

> Father \\ ill gj\C 111C the C~lr on

\Vednesd;l) .

> Wc will get olT at the third stop.

> We will go to London ill March.

> 1 will be therc tomorrow rnorl1lng.

> Thev will wait for liS.

> i \\ili talk with him about this novel.

to leave > [tu h:\] a parasi, a pleca

to boil > [Ill boilj a fierbe, a clocoti

to use > [tu iLL!:l a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta

Illlr

a tuma, a varsato pour > po:1

to pass > [lll pa:sJ - a pasa, a da

to tell > [tll tel] a spune

to hang [tu(n)

a atama, a agata> hl:n '" ]

to translate > [tu trEllslcit 1 a traduce

to boil > Itll boil] a fierbe, a clocoti

to pass > [tu pa:s] a pasa, ada

to use > [tu i\lJ 1 a folosi, a utiliza, a intrebuinta

to tell > [tll tell a spune

to hang > [I\I hI'n ()!.) a atama, a agata

to translate > [ t \I IrEn,;!cil] a traduce

to pour > It \I po rI a tuma, a varsa

to leave > rI \I Ii \ I a parasi, a pleca

Parintii no~tri vor veni maine la noi.

Saptamana viitoare voi incerca sa fac 0

biblioteca.

Vom cobori la a treia statie.

Vom merge la Londra in martie.

Maine dimineata voi fi acolo.

Ei ne vor a~tepta.

Voi vorbi cu el despre acest roman.

Tata imi va da miercuri ma~ina.

Iar acum yom invata cateva verbe. Cititi cuvintele cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntia lor

corecta:

Maine va straluci soarele.

Ea nu va vedea asta niciodata.

Voi fi la servici la cinci.

Vor merge la plimbare dimineata.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Cateva dintre verbele noi sunt neregulate. Sa ne Insu~im cele trei forme ale acestor verbe:

In exercitiul urmiitOf, completati propozitiile 'in limba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare averbului:

Voi fierbe apa.

Nu putem folosi azi

ma~ina lui Petre.

Ei au plecat deja.

Am tradus deja aceasta

scrisoare.

Vreau sa atam aceasta

pictura deasupra canapelei.

Ii voi spune lui despreasta.

- Oa-mi sarea.

- Toama-mi, te rag, ni~te

ceai.

Yesterday I > hung the curtains.

So far I > h;1\ l' trallslalL'd two books.

I'm >pourillg you coffee.

I >wilJ nc\cr tell him about it.

Have you> boilcd eggs?

We will> Ica\ c for Bucharest in a week.

- Can you> pass the sugar?

- You can > lhC his telephone.

-9-

> Ipli:z po:r mi: sam ti:]

> [pa:s mi: IJza so:ltJ

> lUi: ka:nl ill:z pi:li/z ka J

ladei]

. 1I . (t>:) z·> !at Olll tll hLn ~ D IS

'k _r _I' 0/- . 1pI ·t~a Oll\a ascII:

> [ai lI ij leI him i'lballl it]

> [Ozci hFv o:lredi left]

Retineti ca expresia to leave for se traduce prin: a pleca,a caIatori undeva.

Pana acum am tradus doua ciini.

Ai fiert oua?

Poti folosi telefonul lui.

Iti tom cafea.

leri am atamat perdelele.

Nu-i voi spune lui despre asta niciodata.

Poti sa dai zaharul?

Peste 0 saptamana vom pleca la Bucure~ti.

Pass me the salt.

We can't use Peter's car

today.

I will boil the water.

Please, pour me some tea.

lar acum sa vedem cum se folosesc verbele noi In propozitii:

I have already translated this> [ai hEv o:lredi

letter. trEnsleitid f)/is leU{]

I will tell him about it.

I want to hang this picture

over the settee.

forma a-I-a forma a-II-a forma a-III-a

leave >[li:v] left >[lcfi] left > Ilcn]

tell > [tel] told >ltouldJ told >[touldl

hang > [hEn(g)] hung > lhan(gi hung > [han(g)]

They have already left.

He > says he doesn't like my sister.

> Say something about your work.

He has> s,lid the sky is blue.

I've already> told you about it.

He hasn't> told me about it yet.

When do you want to > Il'l I your wife

about this car?

Mi-a povestit despre carte.

iti va spune despre fratele meu.

A spus catcva cuvinte dcspre acest

roman.

Ei spun ca avem 0 casa frumoasa.

> We will hang this picture in the hedroom.

> ]011111ITO\\ I \\ill bu) pLtlL'S and saucers.

> This car is mine aIIII tbt is his.

> Don't take my spoon. take yours.

> This fried fish is lklicioliS.

> Tell me where the n,lpkins ,Ire.

> \A/hen do VIlll W,lIlt to Iea\ eli))'BlIcklre~t'.)

> Our children will cOllle til liS on '-;aturdav.

> I can't hclil tile eggs ntlw'

> \\hcre call I klllg my coat'.'

> I 11111'1 tLlI1~Lite this hook hy February.

-10-

Acest pe~te prajit este delicios.

Vom atama acest tablou in donnitor.

Maine voi cumpara farfurii ~i farfurioare.

Cate paini prajite poti manea?

Nu lua Iingura mea, ia-o pe- a tal

Unde pot sa-mi agar haina?

Copiii no~tri vor veni la noi sambata.

Spune-mi unde sunt ~ervetelele.

Aceasta ma~ina este a mea, ~i aceea este alui.

He's said a few words about this noveL

Nu pot fierbe ouale acum!

Trebuie sa traduc aceasta carte pana in

februarie.

Cand vrei sa pleci Ia Bucure~ti?

He's told me about the book.

She will tell you about my brother.

Unneaza ultimul exerci!iu al acestei parti a lectiei. Traduce!i propozi!iile in Iimba englcza:

They say we have a nice house.

Ti-am vorbit deja despre asta.

EI spune ca nu-i place sora mea.

Spune ceva despre munca tao

EI a spus ca cerul este albastru.

Inca nu mi-a spus despre asta.

Cand vrei sa-i spui nevestei tale despre

aceasta ma~ina?

Sa incerciim sa folosim cele invatate. Utilizati forma corespunzatoare a verbului "to say" sau

"to tell" in unnatoarele propozi!ii:

Cu ajutorul verbului say, spunem, exprimam ceva:

Tell/say

Ambele verbe au acela~'i inteles, dar Ie folosim in contexte di/erite:

""" Cu ajutorul verbului tell spunem cuiva ceva (to tell about·· a povesti, a spline):

LECTIA 13. - PARTEA A DODA

Incepem lectia invatand cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ic cu voce tare ~i incercati

sa Ie retineti:

arm > [a:tm] - brat

knee > [ni:] - genunchi

toe > [tou] - deget de la picior

nail > [neil] - unghie

finger > [Hng!i"] - deget

belly > [bcli] - burta, stomac

chest > [t~est1 piept

elbow > [clbou] - cot

wrist > Irist] - ineheietura mainii

wrist-watch > [rist llot~] ceas de mana

back > [bEk] spate, spinare

shoulders :::-'> [~ouldatz] umen

Repetati acelca~i cuvinte dar in alta ordine:

wrist-watch > Irist llot~] eeas de mana

elbow > [clbou] - cot

finger > [l1ngf/] - deget

knee > Ini:] - genunehi

shoulders > houldarz] - umen

wrist > [rist] - incheietura mainii

chest > It~est] - piept

nail > [neil] - unghie

arm > [aJm] - brat

back > [hEk] - spate, spinare

toe > [tou] - deget de la picior

belly > [hcli] - burta, stomac

- II -

> ,11111

> klll'L'

> bcll\

>t(IL'

> chc~t

Ai un spate bronzat.

Barbatii au de obicei parpe piept.

Acest ceas de mana esteal ei.

Cotul meu este bine acum.

Incheietura mainii tale es­te bine acum?

Omul acela are 0 burta

Unghiile tale sunt prealungi.

mare.

Fiecare om are zecedegete la mana ~i zece lapicior.

Ea In genunchi.

Ai bra!e lungi.

picior

- Ea are 0 e~arfii pe umeri.

6. piept

8. brat

9. stomac

10. genunchi

7. deget de la mana > llI1!' l')/ '

II. deget de la~

I I,ll d

- 12-

r>1,1 hl/:J~l,i(,nh,l.

)Oli/crl1/j

)> i II II)' rlSt (I I 1";111 ILilll

. [)I 1I I - r ]> t IS r1~1 ()t~ II );1 I

> [Ill hh :1 hraun bLkj

> [mal clhou II (\:1 1",111 1l:1lI]

> !mclJ III jU:Iil hi

Oil ))/:1 t)c~t i

> 11/1.1 mEn hE! :1 big

bl'll i

> [cvrl I11I'n hEI tcn

t1nga1z /--.nd tCIl (oU/I

(,,) I> [/U: hl'\ Ion - a. IIlll

I. spate

5. unghie

2. umar

4. incheietura > \\ I I,t

mainii

3. cot

Is your wrist all right now?

Traduceti in limba engleza denumirea unnatoarelor paTti ale corpului:

You have a brown back.

My elbow is all right now.

Men usually have hair on

the chest.

Your nails are too long.

She has a shawl on her

shoulders.

This wrist-watch is hers.

That man has a big belly.

Every man has ten fingers

and ten toes.

You have long anns.

She was on her knees.

Citi!i cu atentie propozi!iile de mai jos, in care veri intalni ~i cuvintele noi:

Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii interogative in limba engleza:

Raspunsurile afirmative se fiJrmeaza CII ajutoru! cuvdntului yes, a pronumelui personal. $i a

verbului auxiliar will:

Completari pronumele personal ~t verbul auxiliar eorespunzator in urmatoarele raspunsuri

scurte:

Va merge ea maine

la Bucure~ti?

VOl' traduce

aceasta scrisoare?

>[ies D/ei lIi\]

>[ies ai lI il ]

>[ies ~i: lI il ]

Yes, >he will .

Yes, >she will

Yes, >1 will.

Yes, >she will

Yes, >he will .

> \Vill you work tOl11orrow?

> Will they take the children to England?

> Will he show us his roOIll'.!

> Will they hang ten picturcs in their

living-room?

> Will mother tell them about this boy')

> Wil! they try to do it tOI1l0IT()\V'.)

> Will he usc his f~lthcr's car next month'!

> Will he sing this song')

> Will we leave for England tomorrow')

> Will they corne to us next week?

> Will you buy me this coat')

> [ui! ~i: gou tu

bukarcst tiimornu]

- 13 -

Yes, they will.

Yes, I will.

Yes, she will.

Will she go to

Bucharest

tomorrow?

Will they translate > [ll il J)/ei trEns leit

this letter? D/is letar]

Will he write to you?

Will she cut the trees tomorrow?

Will you thank them for the book?

Will she wait for us?

Will your brother come to you next month?

Will they make a bookcase tomorrow?

Will you ask him this question?

Will she visit her brother next week?

Lmi vei cumpara aceasta haina?

Va canta el acest e:intee?

Ei vor lua eopiii in Anglia?

Vei luera maine?

VOl' Inecrca sa faca asta maine?

Next week they will come to us.

Mother will tell them about this boy.

Ne va arata cl camera lui?

He will use his father's car next month.

We will leave for England tomorrow.

They will translate

this letter.

Transformati urmatoarcle enunturi in propozitii interogative:

They will hang ten pictures in their

living-room,

She will go to

Bucharest tomorrow.

intrebarile la timpu! Simple Future se jorrneazii prin inversarea ordinii verbului allxiliar will

$i a substantivullli sau a pronl,lmelui personal.

Acum ne vom intoarce la timpul Simple Future !ii vom invii{a cum se formeazii interogativul

$i raspllnsllrile corespunziitoare.

Formulati raspunsul negativ la urmatoarele intrebiiri:

Struetura negativii will not/won't 0 putem folosi ~i in propozitii integri:

·111~

Dnde vor cina?

Cand vei veni?

Nu voi imbraca aceasta

haina.

Nu vor cumpara aceasta

casa.

Sora mea nu va preda in

aceasta ~coala.

> [noll hi: "il Ilot]

> [noll hi: lIounl]

- Cine va face asta?

> [noLI ai lIi! Ilot I

> [noLI ai lIo11nl J

No, >hc \\ on"1 .

No, >she won"t .

No, >Ihey won'l .

No, >11C won't.

> Whcn wi II yOli go to work.'!

> Whal lime wi II you get UF lomorrow')

> Who wi II look fiJr the dog'!

>Whal car \vill you dri\c 10 London'!

> \Vherc will YlHI hallg thc tclephonc'!

No, he will not.

No, he won't.

No, they will not. > [noll n/ci lIi1 not]

No, they won't. > [noLI D/ei lIo11nt ]

No, I will not.

No, I won't.

Dnde vei agata telefonul?

Cfmd vei merge la lucru?

Cine va cauta ciiinele?

- 14-

La ce ora te vei scula maine?

When will you come? > [lien lI i1 ill: kam]

Who will do it? > Ihu: llil du: it]

Ce ma~ina vei conduce la Londra?

Will he send this letter?

Will Peter show you the suit?

Will he use this chair?

Will they talk to you?

Will she tell me about this man?

Will your parents visit you tomorrow?

Will you pay for dinner?

Traduceti urmatoarele intrebari in limba engleza:

They won't buy this house. > [[)\~l lI\Hlllt hai f)/is

halls]

My sister won't teach in this> [mai sistii'" uOUll1 li:l~ in

school. D/ ISS kU:I]

I won't put on this coat. > [ai lI 01l1l1 rUI Oil lY!is

kOUl J

Negatia se formeaza eu ajutorul negatiea no pronumelui personala, verbului auxi/iar will,

~i a euvdntului not. Construetia will not se poate preseurta astfel: won't> [uounl I :

Propozitii/e interogative la care raspundem eu propozitii intregi :'ii nu Ilumai eu cuvintele"sa" sau "nu" sunt propozitii interogative partiale. Acestea se formeazii ell ajlltorlll unuipronume interogativ, a~ezat inaintea verbului auxiliar:

flamand, infometat

dulce

numai, doar

obosit

electric

- insetat

- sens concret, biologic

- sens figurat

- sens propriu

- sens figurat

- 15 -

> [hangri]

> [ounli]

> [taiil\J]

> [ilektrik[

imi este foame.

Sunt infometat dupa ...

Imi este sete.

Sunt insetat (de). Doresc

l.

2.

1.

2.

[ am hungry - eu semnificatia de:

Retineti expresiile urmatoare:

[ am thirsty - cu semnificatia de:

Exersati acelea~i cuvinte dar in alta ordine:

thirsty

only > [ounlil numai, doar

hungry > [hangri 1 flamand, infometat

electric > [ilektrik] electric

tired > [taiCI rd1 obosit

thirsty > [T'a:\ti] insetat

sweet > [s u i:t ] dulce

hungry

Voi vorbi cu tine despre acest magazin. > We will tcll you about this shop.

sweet

Vei traduce aceasta scrisoare? > \Vill vou translate this Icttcr')

Unde ne vom opri? > Whcrc wII! \\C stop')

tired

lata cateva cuvinte noi:

only

Cine te va a~tepta? > Who will wait for you')

electric

Peste doua saptamani nu yom avea de lucru. > \'/c WOI1'( havc \\ork in two wceks.

Mama mea va merge maine la spital. > My mothcr will go to hospital tOl1lornw..

in exerci~iul urmator traduce~i propozi~iile in limba engleza:

Nu voi fi niciodata dactilograra. > I will nc\cr bc a typist.

Este singurul meu frate.

Azi rna simt foarte bine.

Trebuie sa prind trenul

dimineata devrerne.

Vara incepe intotdeauna

in iunie.

Este singura planta in

aceasta camera.

Ai gustat deja pe~tele?

Ciind ai construit aceasta

casa?

- Frunzele cad de pe copaci.

> Have they electric took)

> I was very tired and h\\I1~cry ycsterday.

> Where did you huy thcse 'iwcct apples')

> I am thirsty.

> They have sent me only one letter.

- 16-

dju:nJ

> [ai mast k Ft~ [)/a (rein

aJli in [)7a mo:rnin(g)j

> [t[ldei ai fi:l veri glld]

> [hEv ill: o:lredi teistid

OZa fi~]

> [07a li:vI a: r fo:lin(g)

from [/a tri:2]

> [uen did ill: hild [)I'is

hallS]

> [its Ol'j ounli pla:nt In

Ol'is ru:m]

> [hi:z mai ounli bra0 7i/j

When did you build this

house?

Summer always begins in

June.

Today I feel very good.

Have you already tasted the

fish?

Acum sa facem cuno~tinta cu diteva verbe noi:

The leaves are falling from

the trees.

to taste > [tll teist] a gusta

to feel > [tll fi:l] - a simti, a atinge, a pipai

to begin > [tll bigin] a incepe, a se apuca de

to build > [tll bild] a c1adi, a construi

to catch > [tll kEt~] - a prinde, a apuca, a

retine, a sc imbolnavi de

to fall > [tll 1'0:1] a cadea, a se prabu~i

lata cum folosim aceste verbe in propozitii:

Intelesul expresiei "only" se schimba in cazul in care este precedat de unarticol hotariit. Semnificatia expresiei the only este: singurul, unicuI.

Articolul hotarit "the" poate fi inlocuit cu un pronume posesiv.

It's the only plant in this

room.

De exemplu:

He is my only brother.

I must catch the train early

in the morning.

Au instrumente electrice?

leri am fost foarte obosit ~i infometat.

Unde ai cumparat aceste mere dulci?

Mi-e sete.

In mod sigur v-ati insu~it deja cuvintele noi. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza!

Mi-au trimis numai 0 scrisoare.

Cateva verbe noi sunt neregulate. Vom invata formele acestora:

The cat has just> caught a bird.

- How did you > feci when he told you

about It?

I > fell on the floor yesterday.

- They haven't> bUIlt this house yet.

When will you> hegln to read it?

> He has s~lJd he \\ on't he a drl\ er.

> I \\ on't go hy an empty bus.

> rhls dinner \\ as dclICIUllS.

> ! Ie rassed me the salt

> Till'} \vill ne\el translate thiS hook

> ! ClII't hang IhJ~ rlcturc

> Yesterday \\ e heuan to hu dd a shed In

the garden.

> I'm nut hungl}

> \\ hen WIll you look for my dog')

> 1'111 not takIng l11y car today. I \\ til take

hers

> ! \\ III go to thc shop and huy plates and

napkin~.

- 17-

Nu pot agata acest tablou.

El mi-a dat sarea.

Nu vor traduce niciodata aceasta carte.

Nu voi merge eu un autobuz gol.

EI a spus ca nu va fi ~ofer.

In continuare completati propozitiilc cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului:

Ai mancat vreodata oua?

Cate unghii are un caine?

Cand imi vei eauta cainele?

Cina aeeasta a fast delieioasa.

Spune-mi unde este fratele tau.

Ieri am inceput sa eladim un ~opron in

gradina.

Azi nu iau ma~ina mea. a voi lua pe a ei.

Voi merge la magazin ~i voi cumpara

farfurii ~i ~ervetele.

Jeri am cazut pe podea.

Nu mi-e foame.

Pisica tocmai a prins 0 pasare.

Ei nu au construit inca aceasta casa.

Iar acum yom recapitula intregul material al lectiei. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:

Cand vei incepe sa cite~ti asta?

Forma a I-a Forma a II-a Forma a III-a

feel > [ti'lj felt > [kit] felt > [kit)

begin > [hlgin] began > [hlgEn] begun > [hlgan]

catch > [kFt~] caught > rko:t] caught > ~k,).t]

build > !blld] built > [llIIl] built > [biltj

fall > [hi] fell > [fell fallen > : fo: In]

Cum te-ai simtit cand ti-a vorbit despreasta?

- 18 -

> I will give you my watch.

> I dOIl't want to drink but I am thirsty.

La srar~itul lectiei iata obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie. Repetati cuvintele:

Nu vreau sa beau, dar mi-c sete.

Iti voi da ccasul mcu.

[1I] [ci] [0: J [oil [ail

book taste pour boy fried

look plate floor boil bright

put late door why

good date sky

19 -

13.1. Pronumele posesiv

13. RECAPITULARE

to you tomorrow.

a letter today.

come

verb principal +fonna a-I-a (infinitiv)

write

- Aceasta cartc este a mea.

- Aceste ma$ini sunt ale ei.

al meu, a mea, ai mei, ale mele

al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale, alla/ai/aledumitale, dumneavoastra

a1 lui/sau, a lui/sa, ai lui/sai, ale lui/sale

a1 ci/sau, a ei/sa, ai ei/sai, ale ei/sale

lui, sale, ci (pentru obiecte, notiuni

abstracte, animale)

- al nostru, a noastra, ai nO$tri, ale noastre

- al vostru, a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale voastre

-- al/a/ai/ale lor

will

will

> [hiz]

> [haJz]

> [its]

> [auih]> [io:rz]

> [Dzc/z]

Pronume + verbul auxiliar +personal

She

yours

theirs

ours

This book is mine.

These cars are hcrs.

3. La persoana I-a singular $i plural (,,1, we"), verbul auxiliar "will" ~i

"shall" [~EI] se pot folosi in cgala masura.Verbul auxiliar "will" se

folosqte insa mai des.

Complementele de timp stau la inceputul sau la sfar~itul propozi!iei.Acele eomplemente de timp care in cazul altor timpuri se afla la

mijlocul propozitiei, la acest timp trec inaintea verbului principal.

2. Fom1area lui este simpla: verbului auxiliar "will" ii adaugam fonna I-a

a verbului principal, infinitivul.

Structura propozi!iei:

1. Pentru descricrea tuturor aqiunilor, evenimentelor obi$nuite sau unice

care se petrec in viitor folosim timpul Simple Futurc.

his

hers

its

Sunt insa ~i situatii in care pronumele posesiv apare singur, ca un pronume propriu

$i nu este urmat de substantiv. in acest caz se schimba $i fonna lui. $i se nume$te

pronume posesiv propnu:mille > [main]

yours > [ioJzj

Pronumele posesiv sta de obicei inaintea substantivului:

This is my car. - Aceasta este ma$ina mea.

Our housc is large. Casa noastra este mare.

13.2. Timpul viitor simplu - Simple Future Tense

13.2.1. Acest timp se folose~te astfe I:

- 20-

2. Am nevoie de (necesitate sufleteasca)

::-

Ei spun ca avem 0 casa frumoasa.

EI a spus diteva cuvinte despre acestroman.

- Mi-a povestit despre carte.

Semnificatia propozitiei ,,1 am hungry":

2. Sunt insetat de. Doresc .. , (necesitate sufleteascii)

Raspunsul afirmativ se formeaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "yes", a pronumelui

personal, :;;i a verbului auxiliar "will".Will they make a bookcase - Yes, they will.

tomorrow?

Structura negativa "will not/won't" poate fi folosita ~i in propozitii complete:

I won't put on this coat. - Nu voi imbraca aceasta haina.

(to tell about - "a povesti, a spune")

He told me about the book.

*tell - "a spune cuiva ceva":

I. Imi este foame. (necesitate fiziologica)

Raspunsul negativ se fonneaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "no", a pronumeluipersonal, a verbului auxiliar "will" :;;i a cuvantului de negatie "not", Constructia

"will not" poate fi prescurtata "won't",

Interogativul la timpul Simple Future se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii

verbului auxiliar "will" :;;i a pronumelui personal sau a substantivului.She will go to Bucharest - Will she go to Bucharest tomorrow?

tomorrow.

He said a few words about thisnovel.

*say - "a spune, a zice ceva":

Semnificatia propozitiei ,,1 am thirsty":

I. Imi este sete. (necesitate biologica)

Ambele verbe au aceea~i semnificatie dar se folosesc in contexte diferite:

They say we have a nice house.

Semnificatia cuvantului "only" se schimbii in cazul in care este precedat de unarticol hotarat. "The only" are semnificatia de "singurul", "unicul". Articolul hotarat.,the" poate fi inlocuit cu un pronume posesiv.

13.2.3. Raspunsurile

13.2.2. Intcrogativul

13.4. "Hungry" ~i "thirsty"

13.5 "Only" ~i "the only"

13.3. Verbele "say" ~i "tell"

13. TEMA. PENTRU ACASA

A. Traduceti propozitiile in limba romana:

I. I haven't caught your cat but theirs.

2. Why are you in a hurry?

3 Who will never build a school?

4. Where won't you go in March?

5. How many pictures has he hung on the wall in the bedroom?

6. I am very hungry.

B. Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza:

1. Peste 0 saptamana voi merge in Anglia.

2. Miiine nu vom lucra deorecc trebuie sa cumparam ciiteva lucruri.

3. Poti sa-mi dai furculita aceea?

4. Nu Ie spune cine a Iacut asta.

5. Trebuie sa spunem ca noi nu am vazut asta.

6. Pot sa folosesc mai;)ina ta?

C. Corectati grei;)elile din propozitiile urmatoare:

I. I will be sleep tomorrow.

2. Have they already translate this letter?

3. This is my plate and that is your.

4. She has already leaved for London.

5. He can't fell in the street.

6. Mary is my the only sister.

- 21 -

LECTIA 14. - PARTEA INTAI,

Sa incepem lectia, ca de obicei, cu invatarea cuvintelor noi. Cititi-le

cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

platform > [pIEtfoJm] peron, rampa

glass > [gla:s] sticla, pahar

accident > [Eksidallt] accidcnt

ashtray > [E~trci] scrumiera

hammer > [hEma r] ciocan

vegetables > [vedjitablz] legume

key > [ki:] chcie

story > [sto:ri] povcste, povestire

meat > [mi:t] came

news > [niu:z] ~tiri, noutati, vqti

wood > [lIud] padure, !emn

Repetati ace!ea~i cuvintc, dar intr-o alta ordine:

vegetables > [vedj itiib lz1 legume

accident > [Eksidallt] accident

news > [niu:z] ~tiri, noutati, ve~ti

key > [ki:] cheie

platform > [pi Etfo:rm] - peron, rampa

hammer > [h Emar] ciocan

story > [sto:ri] - poveste, povestire

meat > [mi:t] came

ashtray > [E~trci] scrumicra

wood > [lIud] padurc. lemn

glass >Igla:s] sticla, pahar

~22-

I

- 23-

"There was an accident in the shed."

Nu avem acasa scrumiera.

Sunt multe paduri in Ang­

lia.

Este 0 multime de stieHi

pe podea.

Au folosit lemn bun

pentru confeqionarea

scaunelor.

Vrei doar legume la cina?

Cine ti-a spus aceasta

poveste?

EI a baut un pahar cu apa.

Maine vei manca carne?

A fost un accident in

strada.

Ai auzit noutatile?

Erau multi oameni pe pe­

ron.

Nu uita sa iei cheile!

Adu-mi ciocanul acela

mare!

> [D\~C\r aJ I11cni lI udr III

inglfllJd]

> Idu ill: lIont olllliir r

ved.iit[lblz 1'0: diner ]

> [lI i : dounl hEv E~trci/' FI

hOllm]

> [0/ci iU:l:d gild llud IU

meik DEC! t~e[\rzJ

> [f/<"[/ iz [I lot 0\ glas/ ron 0 a no: j

I t' II r .> lDea a: melll pi:[1i on

D I[I [11 Ett'o:r lll ]

Do you want only

vegetables for dinner?

There are many woods in

England.

They used good wood to

make the chairs.

We don't have ashtrays at

home.

Who has told you this story? > [hu: hEI tould iu: [)/is

s(o:riJ

There is a lot of glass on

the floor.

There was an accident in the> [l/e,'{ lin/' an Eksidant

street. in [/;1 st ri:! J

Will you eat meat tomorrow? > Illi] iu: i:t Il1I'l l[llllorllll]

He drank a glass of water. > [hi: drEn(~)k [\ glas ll\

li II: t[l r]

Have you heard the news?

There were many people on

the platform.

lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii :

Bring me that big hammer. > Ibrin tg ) mi: D/EI big

hEl1la r]

Don't forget to take the keys. > [doun! forget tu leik 0/

[1

ki:l]

- 24-

Va mai amintiti cuvintele noi? Daca da, atunci folositi-le in urmatoarele propozitii:

Ea are 0 casa a ei proprie.

Folosesc uneltele meleproprii.

El are camera lui proprie.

Am 0 gradina a mea

proprie.

Give him one > gl~\~~ of milk.

The> lumll1Cl fell on the floor.

It will be a long> S\OJ ~ .

Have you> III \\" about the> "celdcnl ?

I have put the> kcy on the table.

Take a little> 111C"t .

[ want to live next to a> \\ (hld.

The train leaves from > pl<ltj~ll 111 two.

> \cgct,lhk~ are cheap in the summer.

Can you pass me the > a~hl! av?

> I J <'\ C \ II 1I : 0 1I: • l \\ q '> I tl\ " \ l III .1 hooked Sl' 0 t

t1t)O!\Llt....,C) '.Utll ()I\ 11 )

> \1\ blOlhcl hll ... 1, ,,, > \1, bn'lhcl has ,1 Ih)lll ,)1

'''\ )t~ I !1l '" 0\\ Ii

> :"1 ~IJ 111' 0\\ 11 dug > \ Iud ,: dog oj 111\ (1\\ 1,

She has a house of her own. > [S! hLI C1 Il<lllS 0\ h:t

Ollll]

Cele doua strueturi se pot inloeui reeiproe.

sticIa > ~! Id"~ peron > p]Jtt~lI m

accident > accldcllt cheie > Kn

ciocan > h,,111 111 cr came > \~'C,ll

povestire > ~ t 01 ;- padure > \\ ood

lemn > \\ ~)~)(J ~tiri > IlC\\ "

scrumiera > ,I "IHI d) poveste > slon

legume > \ cgcLlblcs noutati > Ile\\ s

Ai biblioteca personala?

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii folosind cele doua expresii ale cuvantului "own":

Fratele meu are hotelul lui

propriu.

Am avut diinele meu

(propriu).

Urmari{i utilizarea euvantului own [(lllll]. Poale sta atat inaintea substantivului, eal ~i in

urma lUI, dar in aeest eaz se leaga de el prin prepozitia of. De exemplu:

In exercitiul urmator dati corespondentul englezesc al cuvintelor romane~ti:

1 use my own tools. > [,'I III / Il1dl (lUll ttl III

He has his own room. > [Ill ll[~z hlz oun ru 1111

1 have a garden of my own. > [,II hb :1 ga:1dll 0\ 1ll,1I

Ollllj

Da-i un pahar de lapte!

Ciocanul a cazut pe podea.

Va fi 0 poveste lunga.

Ai ve~ti despre accident?

Am pus cheile pe masa.

la putina came!

Vreau sa locuiesc langa 0 padure.

Trenul pome~te de pe peronul doi.

Vara legumele sunt ieftine.

Poti sa-mi dai scrumiera?

Cateva dintre aceste verbe sunt neregulate. Invatati formele acestora:

Sa exersam folosirea verbelor in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la

pronuntia corecta:

forma a-I-a forma a-II-a forma a-lII-a

sell > [scI] sold > [sould] sold > [sould]

find > [faind] found > [faund] found > [faund]

hurt > [ha:rt] hurt > lha:!t] hurt > [ha:!t]

Ti-ai curatat deja camera?

Ai stins ieri lampa?

Iti vei vinde casa?

Ei au vandut azi ~apte

ma~ini.

M-a ajutat sa scriu

aceasta scrisoare

sapUimana trecuta.

j ~i va curata pantofii

(proprii).

Unde ai gasit biletele?

Pome~te, te rog, prajitorulde paine.

a aprinde (lumina)

a stinge (lumina)

II doare bratul.

a curiita

a ajuta

a vinde

- a gasi

a rani, a j igni, a durea

- 25-

> fUjI iu: sci io:'" haw;]

. I r> [hlz a: m h{l: IS]

> [~i: helpt mi: Iu rait D/is

leta ' la:sl lI i:k]

> [Ia:st nait ai h[j:'"t mai ni:] - Noaptea treeuta mam

ranit la genunchi.

> [O/ci hEv sou1d SC\11

ka:'"z ([Idci]

> [hEv iu: kli:nd 10: ru:m

iel]

> [liCar did ill: faind D/[j

tikits]

> [Ill help]

> [Ill sel]

> rIll kli:n]

> [IU faind]

I> [Ill ha: I]

ll· 'J> [tll S II~ on

lI. tl> [III s It~ 0

His arm hurts.

Last night I hurt my knee.

He wI'11 clean hl's OWll shoes. > [hI'·. lIl'l kl' I' JI:n lIZ oun ;;;U:Z

Have you cleaned your

room yet?

Did you switch off the lamp > [did iu: slIit~ of l/ayesterday? tEmp icsU/lki]

Will you sell your house?

Where did you find the

tickets?

They have sold seven cars

today.

S . h hi> [ lI. 7 rWltc on t e toaster, pease. s It~ on 0 a tOUSt[1

pli:z]

to switch off

to hurt

She helped me to write this

letter last week.

to switch on

to find

to clean

to help

to sell

lata ciHeva verbe noi:

- 26-

Exersati acelea~i cuvinte ~i intr-o alta ordine:

He has just> hurt his wrist.

Have you > ~nld many books?

Yesterday I > fOUlld this hammer.

Mary is just> S\\ Itchll1g nil the radio.

We must> elean the house by Friday.

> Sv" Itch oft the TV set.

a vinde >lO scll > sold > ~()Id

a rani >tn hurt > hurt > hUI t

a curata >ro clean > cJcdllUl > c lcdlled

a aprinde (lumina) > to ~\\Itch on > S\\ ItLhcd on > S\\ I tehed Oil

a gasi >to fIlld > fUllild > fdUI1d

a ajuta > to help > helped > hel]1cd

a stinge (lumina) > tl) '\\Itch oC! > S\\ Itchcd nrl > ~\\ Itched off

old > [ould I in varsta, vechi, batran

new > [Il/U I nou

everything~ (\1)

> IC\l 11 1n " J tot, toate

everybody > [('vllbodll fiecare, toti, toata lumea

clean > [kl i. n] curat, neted

nobody > InoubodJ I nimeni

nothing > " (,,) nimic[naT In " ]

American > [ClmcIIUn] american

everybody > [c\nbodl] fiecare, toti, toata lumea

clean > [kiI·n] curat, neted

American > [:lllH.'llkJllJ american

nothing >s (,)

nimicIllaf Ill" 1

nobody > [lloubociIJ nimeni

new > [Il/u·l nou

everything,S (l!)

> [c\rIl In" tot, toate

old > [ouldj in varsta, vechi, batran

Va amintiti desigur cele trei fonne ale verbelor noi. Traduceti unnatoarele verbe in limba

engleza, in~irand cele trei forme ale verbelor:

Acum unneaza ciiteva cuvinte noi. Cititi-le cu voce tare ~i tJti atenti la pronuntia corecta:

£1 tocmai ~i-a ranit incheietura mainii.

Ai vandut multe carti?

Ieri am gasit acest ciocan.

Maria tocmai deschide radioul.

Trebuie sa curatam casa pana vineri.

Inchide televizorul!

In exercitiul unnator completati propozitiile cu fonna corespunzatoare a verbului:

Sora ei i-a ajutat des. Her sister often> helr,xi them.

- 27-

Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:

in exercitiul urmiitor eompletati propozitiile eu cuvintele corespunzatoare:

Ea este 0 americanca.

EI a uitat totu\.

Geamurile sunt curate?

Nu era nimeni in camera.

Am cumparat un costumnou.

Aceasta este 0 revista

veche.

Toata lumea 0 cunoa~te.

- Nu este nimic in

serumiera.

Nu am vazut pe nimeni in strada.

Pana acum el nu a facut nimic.

> New books are expensive.

I can do > nothing for you.

Who is this> old man?

I will tell> c\crybody about it.

> !:vcrythint! is ready.

I will help> nobody.

These plates are not> clean.

> Amcrican cars are expensive.

> [O/e/ lIoz noubodi in

D/a nun]

> [ai hb ho:t {I niu: su:t]

> hi: iz an {lIl1crikrll1!

r> lc\'ribodi nou/' hfi: ]

> [Olear iz naT'in(gl in

O/i E~trei]

[ r 0 / - 1I. d L I' J> a: a 111 OUI t\. I:n

> [Ozis iz an ould

mEgazi:n]

He has forgotten everything. > [hi: hEz forgotncniT'in(g)j

Cartile noi sunt scumpe.

Nu pot face nimic pentru tine.

Cine este acest om batran?

Voi spune asta la toata lumea.

Totul este gata.

Nu voi ajuta pe nimeni.

Aceste farfurii nu sunt curate.

Ma~inile americane sunt seumpe.

I saw nobody in the street.

So far he has done nothing.

Are the windows clean?

There was nobody in the

room.

Nu pot vorbi cu nimeni. > I can talk to nobody.

Iti plac cantecele americane? > Do you like Amcrican songs"

Tocmai am cumparat 0 ma~ina noua. > I havc just bought a Ih:W car.

Toata lumea vrea sa lucreze in aceasta ~coala. > Everybody wants tu work in this :>chool.

Trebuie sa vand aceste tablouri vechi. > I must sell these old pictures.

Camera este curata acum. > The mum is clean Il(m.

Nimic nu este u~or. > "othlng is casy

Iti voi da totul. > I \\ill gl\<:' vou ,,;vc'lything.

I have bought a new suit.

Legat de complementul circumstantial never, am inviitat deja cii in limba englezii. nu existii

negafie dublii. Aceastii regulii este valabita ~i pentru cuvintele nobody, nothing, de exemplu:

She is an American.

Everybody knows her.

This is an old magazine.

lata cuvintele noi in propozitii:

There is nothing in the

ashtray.

yesterday at five.

their room all day

yesterday.

Soarele stralulcea in timp

ce ne plimbam.

Noi ascultam radioul in

timp ce tatal nostru citea

ziarul.

walking

cleaning

verb principal +-ing

+

- 28-

/~ LI ( ,,)> I D a sal1 oz ,;>:1111111 e-

LI LI L1~ r II (g)ail I. d. () kll1 ~ ]

> Illi. L1aJ lisnm(g) tu D/arciulOu llail aUJ

Ifa: r/:l l

L10z ri:dll1(g) :1

niu:zpclpa r]

were

was

verb auxiliar+

Retineti ca pronumele everybody ("fiecare, toti, toata lumea") se afla

intotdeauna la persoana a-HI-a singular.

We were listening to the

radio, while our father was

reading a newspaper.

The sun was shining while

we were walking.

Conjunctia while [lIad] - pe cfmd, in timp ce, se folose?te des eu timpul Past Continuous, ~i

exprimii desfii~urarea simultanii a doua actiuni.

Pronumele

personal

I

They

La construirea propozitiei folosim pronumele personal sau substantlvul, formacorespunziitoare de trecut a verbului to be (was/were) ~i verbul principal cu sufixul -ing.

in lectiile anterioare amfacut deja cuno~tintii Cll tlmpul Present Continuous, pe care-l tolosimpentru exprimarea actiunitor care se desra~oara in momentul vorbirii. Dacii vrem sii descriemo actiune din trecut, care s-a desta~urat la moment dat sau intr-o anumitii perioada. atuncifolosim timpul Past Continuous Tense [pa 'st kontil1luas tCl1s]. Perioda se indicii printr-un

complement de timp, sau cu ajutorul unei propozitli la timpul trecut simplu. dar poale reie~i

~l din context.

rar acum sa exersam timpul trecutul cantinuu. Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiileurmatoare:

Riispunsurile afirmative se formeaza eu ajl/toru! cuvantu!ui yes, a pronumelui personal $i averbului auxiliar. La formu!area nega/iei folosim cuvantul no, pronumele personal, verbulauxiliar was/were $i cuvantu! de nega(ie not (jorma prescurtata: wasn't, weren't).

No, he was not.No, he wasn't.

No, they were not.No, they weren't.

M-au a~teptat de la unu latrei.

Vantul a suflat ieri toataZlUa.

In urma cu doua zile fiulsau lucra la ~ase.

- Cinam dnd a venit John.

£1 ea bere dnd l-ai vazut?

Unde mergea cand am venit eu?

- Te plimbai in parc ieri la trei?

'~i '>

> ·\1 fl\l' \,',kllL" I 1\'\', \1 lltlng d k'ttL'r

> fhl ~lln \\d~ ~!J,nln~' .Iii d,l) )CSICltIJ),

> \\'!lIk I I\,I~ I i,,1:11:1:~ 11\ chlldrcn \ICIT

> \\ il'!l- I ".Is ,1",\ Ill)! i1;,.. ,dr I S\I\\ 111\

~"te:! 1:1 111,_' "llc·:t

> \\ l1c:n I L',I! Iii' It \\d~ 1-II'Jlng,

> I \\:h Il'(,klnL Illi \!'I' !w'lk In'l11 11\ l' {(1

Yes, he was.

Yes, they were.

- 29-

>[,\1 lim hE\ in(g) dina'

lI cn <lInn kClmJ

/ II 1I (" I> I]) i\ 111<.1 oz blollll1 "

u:l (kl Ibt:l' dCI]

>1111/ ~,111 11(l/ lIi\,l k' !lig) 1-'1

~Ik~ tll: dcu [1t!f)1I]

/ lI_ r II ,,(12,) r> II) CI a, l'ltll1 ~ I'll:

1111: from [\lln III T'n: I

Were they doing it all day yesterday?

Was he driving home at six yesterday?

leri la ora cinci am scris 0 scrisoare.

Soarele a stralucit ieri toata ziua.

in timp ce am Iaceam curat copiii meistateau in griidina.

In timp ce conduceam ma~ina, am vazut-o

pe sora mea pe strada.

Ploua dnd m-am trezit.

Am cautat aceasta carte de la cinci la ~ase.

Alte exemple pentru utilizarea timpului Past Continuous:

Were you walking in the park at threeyesterday?

Was he drinking beer when you saw him?

Where was he going when I came?

His son was working at sixtwo days ago.

The wind was blowing allday yesterday.

They were waiting for mefrom one to three,

lnterogativul la timpu! Past Continuous se formeaza prin inversarea ordinii subieetului $i averbului auxiliar. in cazul intrebarilor complexe. inaintea verbului auxiliar se pune un pronumeinterogativ:

I was having dinner whenJohn came.

Nu uitati ca, in casul folosirii sufixului -ing, precum $i a verbelor care nu au forma continua,

sunt valabile regulile invatate la timpul Present Continuous,Timpul Past Continuous se folose$te $i atunci eand vrem sa exprimam ea in timpul de,~fasurarii

unei ac/iuni a inceput 0 alta ac/iune. Aceasta ac/iune din lfrma se exprima prin timpul SimplePast.

Acum tradueeti urmiHoarele propozilii in limba engleza:

Ei nu curalau easa lunea

treeuta la ~apte.

Ea nu scria cand am venit

in camera.

> Help me to find the keys.

> We \\ III listen to the ne\\'" at cight

> Yesterday llJl1ll1l1lg only ten people wcrc

worklllg.

> Will you buy me thiS watch'?

> What time \I,h thiS aCCident"

> I \Iant til h,1\C ,111 clectnc car

> floll :ue yOll feeling today'?

> Yesterday e\elllllg the) I\Cle stlil

buildlllg the house

> Whdt \\ere yOU dOlllg thiS time

yesteludy"!

> Whell 1 am tlfed I ah\ a) s go fiJr a short

\\ alk.

> Peter IS the ollly man III OUI lamliy

> I'm 110t hUllgl) but \Ci\ t!lust\

> I \\ as lookmg for the keys all day

yesterday.

> My mother lIas cookmg the dinnel \Ihen

I el1tered the house.

> We \1 el e c1eanll1g the room 1\ hlie father

\\,lS \\orklllg 111 the garden

> Vv here \\ ere you gOlllg at I1me yesterday?

> At five the tialll \\as Iem IIlg hom pldt­

form three.

> \\ hell I was ill Bucharest It \\ dS snowing

all the tnne

- 30 -

> [D/el Ua.fnt kJi nln(g)

D/a hallS Et se\ n la.st

mandel]

U (l.!) U> [~I: oznt rallm ~ en al

kelm intll D"a rll.m]

Imi vei cumpara acest ceas?

La opt vom asculta ~tirile.

Ma doare spatele.

Petre este singurul barbat din familia

noastn1.

Vreau sa am 0 ma~ina electnca.

Ajuta-ma sa gasesc cheile.

Ieri dimineata lucrau doar zece oameni.

Cand a fost acest aCCident?

Unde te-ai dus ieri la noua?

Mama mea gatea clna cand am intrat in

casa.

Noi curatam camera in timp ce tata lucra in

griidina.

Nu mi-e foame, insa ml-e foarte sete

Cum te simti azi?

Cand am fost la Bucurqti, a nins tot timpul.

Cand sunt oboslt merg intotdeauna la 0

plimbare scurta.

len seara inca mal construiau casa.

Trenul a plecat la clnci de pc peronul trei.

Ce Iaceai leri la aceasta ora?

She wasn't writing when I

came into the room.

Toata ziua am cautati eri cheile.

Structura negativa se folose$te 'Ii in propozi{ii intregi'

They weren't cleaning the

house at seven last Monday.

- 31 -

lata exercitiul pentru exersarea pronuntiei in limba engleza! Repeta!i cuvintcle:

U1: I] [i:] [ou} [~Ii 1

hurt clean toaster find

bird been go smile

work green know kind

church seen own I

> Hc told me the story of his life.

> What were you duing when I sa\\ vou in

the window')

> Nobody wants to lalk with ynu.

> We have already suld a hundred glasses.

> I have already said everything.

> I have nUlhint'.

> Wc were walking in the wood all day

yesterday.

> At which platform is Ullr train')

> Do you like .'\Il1Crlcan cal's')

> We will go to the shop and buy

vegelables.

Am spus deja totuI.

Am vfmdut deja 0 suta de pahare.

Pe care peron este trenul nostru?

hi plac ma~inile americane?

Nimeni nu vrea sa vorbeascii cu tine.

Nu am nimic.

Toata ziua nc-am plimbat ieri in padure.

Mi-a spus povestea vietii lui.

Ce Iaceai cand te-am viizut in geam?

Vom merge la magazin ~i yom cumpara

legume.

LECTIA 14. - PARTEA A DODA,

Cititi cu atentie dialogul unniHor. Repetati acest exercitlU pfma va convingeti de faptul cav-ati insu~it pe deplin pronuntia ~i intonatia. Cuvintele ~i si labele accentuate sunt tiparite cu

Iitere ingro~ate.

Do you have eggs for breakfast?

I usually don't have eggs for breakfast.

What do you want for breakfast then?

I want toasts and butter.Do you like salt on your toast?

No, thank you. Salt makes me thirsty and it is not good for me.

Your toast will be ready in a minute. I use my electric toaster.

Put the napkins near the plates.Yes, I do it that way. But don't eat III a hurry. It's not good.

I bought an old car last week.

Why did you buy an old car?

Because I didn't have much money, and I have never had a car of my own.

- 32-

John, what have you done all day today?I have been at work today and now I am thirsty.Why? Haven't you drunk all day today?Yes, I have, but I am always thirsty after a long day of work.What do you want to drink.I want to have a glass of beer.Do you want your beer in a tall glass?

Yes, please. I like tall glasses.And then do you want to listen to the radio?

No. This evening I want to go to the cinema together with you.

I heard sad news yesterday.What was it about?

It was about a man who left his wife and children and went to America.What did he do in America?

There he began to build a house but he didn't have money.

And what was the sad news?

He hurt his fingers when he used a hammer.

I saw an accident yesterday.Was it in Station Street?

Yes, it was. I was buying vegetables when I saw it.How many people were hurt?

Ten people hurt their arms and legs. The doctors took these people to the

hospital.

Mary:John:Mary:John:Mary:John:Mary:

John:

Mary:

John:

Barbara:

Peter:

Barbara:Peter:

Barbara:

Peter:Barbara:

Peter:

Barbara:

John:

Mary:

John:

Peter:

Mary:Peter:Mary:

Peter:

Barbara:

Tom:

Barbara:Tom:

Barbara:

Tom:

Barbara:

Jar acum sa exersam materialul invatat in cele doua lectii. Traduceti propozitiile in limbaengleza:

Trebuie sa cumparam farfurii ~i farfurioarenoi.

Vei manca oua ~i paine prajita la micul

dejun?

Ai curatat deja gratarul pentru prajit paine?

Tatal tau are mai multi bani decat al meu.

Camea prajita este adesea unsuroasa.

Nu face asta in graba.

Ei nu ne vor ajuta.

Vei vorbi surorii tale despre acest om?

Parintii mei tocmai pleaca la Londra.

Maine nu voi traduce multe scrisori.

Poti sa-mi tomi 0 cea~ca de cafea?

Miercurea trecuta au agatat toata ziua

tablouri in dormitor.

Vrei sa spui ca nu ai citit aceasta carte?

Unde pot gasi acest gratar pentru prajitpaine?

Unicul lor copil tocmai a plecat in Anglia.

Aceasta paine prajita este a ta?

Ma grabesc deoarece la cinci trebuie sa fiuacasa.

Yom face totdeauna mobila buna.

Cand cautam ciocanul am gasit aceastascrisoare veche.

Nu-mi vorbi despre acest om.

Unde vei duce copiii anul viitor?

Ieri la noua au plecat in Anglia.

Spune ca nu e~ti obosit.

Nimeni nu mi-a spus despre asta.

> We Illust buv new plates and sauccrs.

> Will you cal eggs and tO~IS\S fiJr

break 1~lst')

> Ila\'c: vou ckanecl the toaster yet"

> Your 1:lther has more money than mine,

> Fried meat is oneil faL

> DOll't do it in a hurry,

> They WOll't help we.

> Will you tell your sister about this mall"

> My parents have just left for London,

> I won'! translate many Idters tomorrow,

> Can you pour mc a cup of eofte"

> Last WedJ1l'sday the'y were hanging

pictures in the bedroom all day,

> Do you want to S~IY VOLI hal Cl1,t read

this hook')

> \Vhcrc call I find this toaster')

> Their only child has just Idt for England,

> Is this toast yours')

> I alll in a hurry bccluse 1 must be at

hl)l11l' at !I\ e,

> Wl' \\ ill ~JiI\il\S make good furniture,

> When I was look ing for the hammer I

found this old letter.

> Don't tell me about this man.

> Where will you tilke the c:hildren Ilex\

year"

> Yesterd~IY at 11 i111' th,'\ II ell' leal ill,!! f()r

EIl,!!land,

- 33 -

- 34-

14.4.2. Structura propozitiei:

El are camera proprie.

Am 0 griidina proprie. (Am gradiuamea.)

Ea are 0 casa proprie.

Nu am vazut pe nimeni in starda.

Pana acum e1 nu a Iacut nimic.

- Toata lumea vrea putin ceai.

Pronume + verb auxiliar + verb principal + ...personal + -ing

I was walking yesterday at five.

They were cleaning theIr rooms all dayyesterday.

Everybody wants some tea.

Ce1e doua expresii se pot inlocui reciproc.

14.4.4. De asemenea timpul Past Continuous se folose~te ~i atunci dnd 0 actiune dintrecut a fost intrerupta de 0 alta actiune. (Aceasta ultima actiune este 1a timpu1Simple Past).I was having dinner when John - Cinam dnd a venit John.came.

Acest timp se folose~te pentru descrierea actiunilor care s-au desIa~urat intr-unanumit moment sau intr-o anumita perioada din trecut.

14.4.3. Conjunetia "while" [lIaI! J- "pe cand, in timp ce" se folose~te des cu timpu1Past Continuous ~i exprima faptul ca doua actiuni se desIa~oara in acela~i timp:We were listening to the radio Noi ascultam radioul in timp ce tatalwhile our father was reading a nostru citea ziarul.newspaper.

He has his own room.

I have a garden of my own.

She has a house of her own.

Cuvfmtu1 "own" !, 'lIll; poate figura in doua expresii. Sta inainte sau dupa unsubstantiv, impreuna cu pronumele posesiv. Dacii sta dupa substantiv, atunci seleaga de acesta cu prepozitia "of'. De exemp1u:

I use my own tools. Fo1osesc propriile instrumente.

1 saw nobody in the street.

So far he has done nothing.

14.4.1. Utilizarea timpu1ui:

14.4. Timpu1 trecut continuu - The Past Continuous Tense

14.2. Alaturi de pronume1e "nobody" ~i "nothing" nu se folose~te alta negatie. In limbaengleza nu exista negatie dubla.

14.3. Pronumele "everybody" ("fiecare, toti, toata lumea") se afla intotdeauna la persoanaa III-a singular.

14.1. "My own/of my own"

14. RECAPITULARE

- 35-

14.4.5. Propozitii interogative ~i raspunsurile la acestea.

Were they doing it all day yesterday?

- Yes they were. - No, they weren't.

- No, he wasn't.Was he driving home at six yesterday?

- Yes, he was.

2. Raspunsurile afinnative se fonneaza cu ajutorul cuvantului "yes", al pronumelui

personal ~i a verbului auxiliar "was/were". La formularea raspunsului negativfolosim cuvantul de negatie "no", pronumele personal, verbul auxiliar"was/were" ~i cuvantul "not". ("was/were not" se poate prescurta astfel "wasn't"~i "weren't".)

3. Structura negativa 0 putem folosi ~i in propozitii complete:They weren't cleaning the house Ei nu au curatat casa lunea trecuta laat seven last Monday. ~apte.

1. Propozitiile interogative la timpul Past Continuous se fonneaza prin inversareaordinii subiectului ~i a verbului auxiliar. In cazul 'intrebarilor eomplexe 'inainteaverbului auxiliar se gase~te un pronume interogativ.Were you walking in the park at Te plimbati in pare ieri la trei?three yesterday?

Where was he going when I came? - Unde mergea dnd am venit eu?

14. TEMA PENTRU ACASA

A Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba romana:

My train is at platform seven.

2. It will be a house of my own.

3. I will tell nobody about this accident.

4. While they were buying vegetables Peter was looking for the keys.

5. Will you help me to clean the house?

6. He has just found his old purse.

B. Traduceti propozitiile in limba engleza:

1. Cand taiam paine mi-am taiat ~i degetul.

2. Nu voi merge la Bucure~ti.

3. Pentru el nimic nu este greu.

4. Aici totul este al tau.

5. In timp ce 0 ajutam sa traduca aceasta scrisoare copiii mei se plimbau in gradina.

6. Vreau sa am un apartament al meu.

C. Corectati gre~elile din propozitiile de mai jos:

I. She willn't visit her old mother today.

2. I didn't see nobody in the square.

3. They want to have a big house of my own.

4. I looked for my book all day yesterday.

5. Have you already selled that new watch?

6. I will give you every thing.

- 36-

LISTA VERBELOR NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE 13. SI 14.

forma I-a

begin > [bigin]

build >[bild]

catch > [kEt';;]

fall > [to:11

feel > [11:1]

find > [faindJ

hang > [hEn l !!)]

hurt > [ha:"]

leave > [Ii:v]

sell > [sci]

tell > [tel]

forma a II-a

began > [bigEn]

built > [bilt]

caught > [ko:t]

fell > [fell

felt > Ifelt]

found > [faund]

hung(,,)

> [han =,]

hurt > [ha:'t]

left > [lcrt]

sold > [sollld]

told > [touJd]

- 37 -

forma a -III-a

begun > fbigan]

built > [bilt]

caught > [ko:tJ

fallen > [fo:lnj

felt > [felt]

found > [t:lUnd I

hungIn)> [han ~ ]

hurt > [ha:'t]

left > [lcrt]

sold > [s(\LildJ

told > [tould]

VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 13. Sf 14.

accident > [Ebidiint] accldcnt

American > [amCl lkim] amencant

bratarm > [a. 111]

ashtray > [E~tleIJ scrumiera

back > [bH] spate, spmare

to begin > [tu hlginl d incepe, a sc apuca de

belly > !bc I! I burta, stomac

to boil > [tu boil] a fierbe, a clocotl

to build > [tu bJld] a cladl, a construi

to catch > itu Hh] a prinde, a apuca

chest > It?e~t] plept

clean > [k II :n] curat ingrIJ it

to clean > [tu kll n] a curata

delicious > [d!li~{b] delIcios, say uros

egg .> [eg: I au

egg-cup > leg: kap] pahar pentru oua

elba\'.. > [c1 bou I cot

electric > ! llektllk! electne

empty > iem})t!i gal, neoeupat, hbel

everybody > Ic'vllbdllI; fiecare, toti. toata 1umea

everythings (»

tot toate(Jucrurile)> [C\ rlT III "" ]

to fall > Itu 1'0'1] a C{idea, a ~e prabu~l

fat > I1'r t] gras, unsuros

to feel > [tu fl:l] a sllnti

to find > [tu fallld] a gasi

finger > [fing/j deoetb

fork '> [fa \1 furclilita

fried > [frald] prajjt, fhpt

glass > [gla's] stlela, pahar

hammer > [hEmarJ cioean

to hang > [IU h Fn(g)J a atama, a 19a1a

to help > [tu help j a ~l)lItd

his > [ill/ j al IUI;s{lU: ~ 1111 sa; aI

IUI;~:"ll: ale lUI sale

hers '> Ihill/ I al ei/~iill: a elisa: dJ el'sal:

ale eiisdle

hungry > [hangn I flamfl11d. infometat

in a hurry > lin il han I in grabiL la repezeala

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to be 111 a hurry > Itu bl: 111 a hanl a se grabl, a-I da zor

to hurt I tll~ r a rani, a lovi, a jigni> !la. t]

its > [its] lui, sal.::, ei (pentru

obieete, notiuni abstracte,

animalc)

key > [kl: J cheie

knee > [ni: I genunchi

to leave > 111I 11 \ I a parasi, a pleca, a pleca

la ..

to leave for > rt1I I] \ l·u.l

] a lasa (ceva pentru). a se

mula de 13 ., .Ia. a

schimba ... eu

meat > [ml Ii carne

mIne > IIlUIll J al meu, a mea, al mei, ale

mele

nail > [ne"] unghie

napkin > [nEpkin] ~ervcteL ~ervet

new > [niu:] nOli

news > [niu:zl ~tire, noutate, veste sau

~tiri, noutati, vqti

nobody > [1l11llh,di I nilTIe11l

nothing > ' (u) I1lITIIC[naT In " Iold > [ould] in viirsta, v~chi(e), batriin

only > [OUIl!] ] numai, doar

the only > [P/IOlll1lt] singuruL unieul

ours > : '1lI,~\ I L] al nostru, a noastra, ai

no~tri, ale noastre

own > [tHIIl] propriu. personal

to pass > Ilu p,LS I a pasa. a da

plate > [plcit] farfurie

platform r peron, rampa> IplElro: III I> I a tuma, a varsato pour [tu pll. I

salt > 1st): 11 j sarc (de bU;::iHarie)

salt-cellar > [~O It ~elj'! solnila

saucer > I~O ~~\I j farfurioara, suport pcntru

pahar

to sell > [tll scI] a \ inde. a desface

shall > hl:l] verb auxJlwr pentru

fonnarea viitorului la

p~'rsoana 1-,] singular :~i

plural

shoulders > I umcrihOllld:! I Ispoon > I,pu n I lingura

- 39

story > I~to rI] povestire, relatare

sweet > I~ 1I, II dulce

to switch on1I on] a aprinde (lumina), a pune> [tu " Ib

in (functione un aparatelectric)

to switch off1I

a stinge (lumina), a scoate> IlU s It~ ondin (functione un aparat

electric)

to taste > Itu tClstl a gusta

to tell > [tu tcl] a spune

theirs > [D/dz] alia/ai/ale lor

thirsty > [Tsa \tl] insetat

tired > [taliI1d] obosit, ostenit

toast > [toust] paine prajita • ~

toaster > [tollsta r] gratar pentru prajit piiinea

toe > [tOll] deget de la picior

to translate > [t II trr nslelt1 a traduce

to use > [t II III /1 a folosi, a utiliza, a

intrebuinta

vegetables > [\ Cdjlt{lb,/] legume

whileIII

<III i pe ciind, in timp ce> I

wood > [dud! padure, codru, lemn

will > [l'il1 verb auxiliar pentru

forrnarea viitorului

wrist > IrIst] incheietura mainii

wrist-watch1I

ceas de mii::la> [rIst ot~1

1al tau, a ta, ai tai, ale tale, • ...,yours > [10' z]

alia/ai/ale dumitale sau

dumneavoastra, al vostru,

a voastra, ai vo~tri, ale

voastre

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