Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 11-12

RECAPITULARE

I. Simple Present Tense (prezentul simplu) se folose~te pentru a exprima aqiuni obi~nuite,

repetabile. Unele verbe se folosesc doar la prezentul simplu, acestea neavand forma continua.lata cateva exemple:

He often goes to the cmema.

Do you sometimes visit your mother?

They don't like to listen to the radio.

2. Folosim Present Continuous Tense (prezentul continuu) pentru descrierea acelor actiuni carese desTa~oara chiar in momentul vorbirii, respectiv pentru descrierea aqiunilor diferite de celeobi~nuite. Complementele de timp utilizate cu acest timp verbal sunt: now, this (week, month,year), today. Acela~i tllnp se folose~te pentru descrierea actiunilor care se vor desTa~ura inviitorul apropiat. De exemplu:

Mary and John are having breakfast now.

Is he eating at a restaurant this week?

We are not gomg to England next week.

3. Folosim Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) pentru exprimarea unei aetiuni care s-adesfa~urat la un moment definit in trecut. De exemplu:

We watched a good film yesterday.

Where did you go last year?

She didn't show me her house when I visited her last week.

4. Conjugarea verbulul to have:

have we have

you have you have

he has they have

she has

it has

" "LECTIA 11- PARTEA INTAI,

Sa invatam cateva cuvinte referitoare la vreme:

cold > [kauld] - rece, racoros

the sky > [DZa skai] - cerul

cloud > [klaud] - nor

fog > [fog] - ceata

wind > [Uind] - vant

strong > [stron(g)] - tare, putemic

heat > [hi:t] - caldura (putemica),canicula

temperature > [temprit~ar] - temperatura, febra

weather-forecast > [lIeDZar fo:rka:st] - prognoza vremn,buletin meteorologic

shawl > [~o:]] - qarra

coat > [kaut] - haina, sacou

boot > [bu:t] - gheata, cizma

Repetati cuvintele, dar intr-o alta ordine; fiti atenti la pronuntie:

heat > [hi:t] - caldura (putemica),canicula

coat > [but] - haina, sacou Atthe sky > [DZa skai] - cerul

fog > [fog] - ceata

cold > [kauld] - rece, racoros

shawl > [WI] - e~arra


weather-forecast > [UeD/ar fo:rka:st] - prognoza vremii,buletin meteorologic

temperature > [temprit~ar] - temperatura, febra

boot > [bu:t] - gheata, cizma

wind > [Uind] - vant


2

Cititi cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in care au fost introduse cuvintele noi:

Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu noile cuvinte invatate:

Poti citi prognoza vremii in ziar.

- Unde imi sunt cizmele?

- Iti plac temperaturile ridicate?

- De obicei iarna este ceata.

- Aceasta este e~arfa mea ceamai buna.

- Azi este foarte rece.

- Vrem sa ascultam buletinulmeteorologic.

- Ei nu-i place caldura.

- Sunt multi nori pe cer.

- leri vantul a fost puternic.

- Pune-ti haina.

- Are these >boots expensive?

- Is it his >coat?

- Don't give him >coJd tea!

- You can read the >weather-forecast inthe newspaper.

- The> sky is blue today.

- I don't see her in the> fog.

- I don't like >strong wind.

- They like> heat.

- The moon is behind the >clouds.

- He wanted to buy me a >shawl yesterday.

- What > temperature is it in May?

3

> ["ear a:rmai bu:tsJ

> [D/ea' lZ 1U:J uali fogin "intar)

> ldu iu: laik hal

tcmpri t~a' z]

> [DZis iz mai best :;;o:IJ

> [Its veri kiiuld tadei]

> [put on io:' kautJ

> [D/a "ind "oz stronig )

iestardeiJ

> [~i: daznt laik hi:tJ

> ["I: "ont tu liSll tu DZa"eD/ar fo:'ka:stJ

> [D/ea' a: r mcni klaudzIII D7a skalJ

Nu-i da (lui) ceai rece!

Azi cerul este albastru.

Este haina lui?

Nu-mi place vantul puternic.

Luna este acoperita de nori.

Lor Ie place caldura.

El a vrut sa-mi cumpere 0 e~arIa ieri.

Sunt scumpe aceste cizme?

Nu 0 vad in ceata.

Ce temperatura este in mai?

Where are my boots?

There is usually fogin winter.

It's very cold today.

We want to listen to theweather-forecast.

This is my best shawl.

The wind was strongyesterday.

She doesn't like heat.

Put on your coat.

Do you like hightemperatures?

There are many cloudsin the sky.

4

- catolic (de religie)

- pre~edinte

- Sotul ei este american.

- Cine este pre~edintele Romaniei?

> The wind IS too strong today.

- Sora mea este infirmiera.

- El este brutar.

- Ea este dactilograra.

- Eu sunt catolica.


> Can I put on this coat?

> There IS fog in London today.

> I can't see the sun through the clouds.

> What time IS the weather-forecaston the radIO'!

> Was It cold yesterday?

> Is the sun hIgh in the sky?

> My father bought me a vcry nIce shawlyesterday

> I must buy boots.

> Our children have a hIgh temperature.

> Last month we had heat.

- pe cer

> [prezidant]

> [kETSlik]

Retinetl expresia:

in the sky

president

Catholic

Who is president of Romania?

Who is the president of Romania?

Her husband is an American.

He is a baker.

My sister is a nurse.

I am a Catholic.

Nu pot vedea soarele printre nori.

Azi este ceata la Londra.

Cdnd vorbim despre 0 funcfie care poate fi indeplinitii doar de 0 singurii persoana, atund putemneglija folosirea articolului hotiirdt the.

La ce ora este buletinul meteorologicla radio?

She is a typist.

Ieri a fost rece?

Numele proprzi ;;i adjectivele provenite din acestea se scriu intotdeauna cu litera mare In limbaenglezii.

Luna trecuta a fost canicula.

in Propozifiile anterioare apar ~i cdteva cuvinte noi:

Trebuie sa cumpar cizme.

Vantul este prea puternic azi.

Tata mi-a cumparat ieri 0 e~arra

foarte frumoasa.

Pot sa imbrac aceasta haina?

Soarele este sus pe cer?

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Copiii no~tri au febra mare.

Articolul nehotardt a/an este folosit intotdeauna inaintea substantivelor care denumesc ocupafii,religii sau nafionalitii!i. De exemplu:

Construcria propoziriei la timpul Present Pefect este urmiitoarea:

Inainte de a continua, repetati verbele neregulate prezentate la sfar~itullectiei 10.

- $tiam de mama lui.

- Ea mi-a predat engleza.

- Ea ~i-a cautat haina.

- Ei m-au a~teptat acasa.

- Am avut febra.

- Parintii mei au fumato multime de tigari.

>[~i: hEz lukt 1'0:' ha: r kautJ

5

> [[Yel hEv "c/tld 1'0.'mi: Et haumJ

> [ai hEv hEd a tcmprit~arJ

> [al hEv noun abaut hlzmalY ~11 J

> [mal ]1carants hEv smaukta lot av sigaretsJ

They have waited forme at home.

She has looked for her coat.

Cititi propozitiile unnatoare:

My parents have smokeda lot of cigarettes.

I have known about hismother.

She has taught me English.

in cazul unui verb regulat. la fel ca $i in cazul timpului Simple Past, verbului se adaugii sufixul-d sau -ed.

I have had a temperature.

Pronume + verbul + forma a III-a + ...personal auxiliar a verbuluisau substantiv have/has principal

She has bought a dog. - Ea ~i-a cumparat un caine.

have seen that house. - Am vazut casa aceea.

We have been at home. - Noi am fost acasa.

Folosim Present Perfect in ca::ul unor evenimente care s-au terminat chiar acum sau ceva maidevreme, sau care au inceput in trecut (de exemplu: last week) $i se continua \~i in prezent (curepercusiuni asupra prezentului). De multe ori, momentul desfii$uriirii acriunii nu este specificat cuexactitate.

in aceasta lecrie vomface cuno\~tinracu un timp nou: Present Perfect Tense [prezant pii:rfikt tens],adica prezentul perfect. Acest timp se confunda deseori cu Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu),de aceea va sugeram sa acordari 0 atenrie deosebita folosirii sale.

in propozirie. verbul auxiliar este reprezentat de forma corespunziitoare a verbului to have, care nupoate fi tradusa ad literam.

Traduceti in Iimba engleza unnatoarele propozitii, folosind prezentul perfect:

A!dturi de cOlllp!emente!e de timp this ... (week, month, ... ), today, tonight, fo!osim timpu! PresentPerfect. 1~1 aceste ca::uri vorbim despre evenimente care s-au petrecut in trecut, dar care au !egiiturdcu pre::entu!. Aceste comp!emente de timp se giisesc !a inceputu! sau !a .~far~itul propozi{iei De

exemp!u:

-In seara aceasta (noi) am fost

la cinematograf.

- Azi am fost acasa.

- Ea ~i-a Iacut temele

saptamiina aceasta.

- Azi (eu) am lucrat in gradina,

> She has come to us with 10hn,

> YOli h'1\ e (II link to mllch bee!.

> I have forgotten to bring you this.

> J hay e thought <lbout It.

> I ha\'c asked hel for my sha\\ I.

> \""c hay c brought thesc ncwspapers.

> We have talked to them.

> We hay c heard the \\ eather-forecast

on the radiO.

- They> have gIven us a very nice car.

> II has heen \ el) cold.

> I have wntten a letter to hun.

> Wc have worked w1th these people.

- I> have v.aitedfor you a long time.

- We> have heard about it.

- They> have askedme for money.

- Father> has \\ rittena letter to me.

> [SI: hEz dan ha:1haumllo:1k

D/IS lll:k]

6

> [UI: hEv bl.n Et lYa sinama

tanalt]

> [al hEy bi:n Et haum tadei]

> [ta(!<~1 al hEv U a Iktin D/a ga:1dn]

She has done her homework

this week.

We have been at the cinema

tonight.

I have been at home today.

Today I have worked

in the garden.

Noi am adus aceste ziare.

Ai baut prea multa bere.

Ea a venit la noi cu 10hn.

Am uitat sa-ti aduc asta.

I-am scris 0 scrisoare (lui).

Noi am lucrat cu ace~ti oameni.

I-am cerut (ei) e~arfa mea.

M-am giindit la asta.

Ei mi-au cerut bani.

A fost foarte frig.

Completati urmatoarele propozitii in Iimba engleza:

Am auzlt la radiO buletmul meteorologic.

Te-am a~teptat timp indelungat.

Am auzit des pre asta.

Am vorbit cu ei.

Ne-au dat 0 ma~ina foarte frumoasa.

Tata mi-a scris 0 scrisoare.

Completati propozitiile in hmba engleza cu forma corespunzatoare a verbului (Ia Present Perfect):

outside > [auts31l1] - afara

foggy > [fogi] - cetos

to blow > [tu bbu] - a sufla, a bate (despre vant)

sunny > [sanl] - insorit

low > [lau] - JOS

awful > [o:ll] ~ crancen, teribil, ingrozitor

windy > [Uindl] - vantos, cu mult vant

cloudy > [k13u(li] - noros (innorat)

7

Azi am cumparat flori.

Saptamana asta ne-am vizitat parintil.

Anul acesta am platit casa.

Am trimis aceasta scrisoare saptamana

aceasta.

Luna aceasta am vazut cateva

filme la televizor.

Azi am vorbit cu sora mea.

Traduceti in limba engleza unnatoarele propozitii:

Parintil no~tri au plecat azi in Anglia.

Saptamana aceasta am cumparat un sacou

~i 0 e~arfa.

In seara acesta Maria a vizitat-o pe sora

sotului el.

Azi am vorbit cu tata.

Saptamana aceasta am avut febra.

Vara a fost foarte racoroasa in acest an.

In aceasta seara i-am scris 0 scrisoareprietenului meu.

Anul acesta (noi) am fost la Londra.

Sora mea a predat engleza anul acesta.

In aceasta saptamana am lucrat dupa amiaza.

lata alte cuvinte noi legate de starea vremii:

- I >havc bought flowers today.

- This week we >havc visited our parents.

~ We >havc p,lId for the house this year.

- I >havc sent this letter this week.

- This month we >havc watchedsome films on TV.

- I >have talked to my sister today.

> Our pal ents have gone to England today.

> This \vcek I have bought a coat and a shawl.

> Mary has \ ISlted her husband' S sister tOl1lght.

> We ha\ e talked to our father today.

> I ha\ e had a temperature this \\ eek.

> The summer has been very cold thIS year.

> Tonight I havc \\ ntten a letter to my friend.

> ThiS yeal wc have been Il1 London.

> My sister has taught English tIllS year.

> ThiS \\ eek we ha\ e worked Il1 the afternoon.

Verbul to blow este un verb neregulat. Cele trei forme ale sale sunt urmatoarele:

Repetati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:

blown > [bHiun]

- Da, dimineata.

- A fost eeata?

- Ai fost ieri afara?

- Nu, am stat toata ziua acasa.

- Temperatura a fost seazuta?

- Da, a fost foarte seazuta.~i a fost vant.

- Soarele a stralueit?

- Nu. Cerul a fost foarte innorat.

- A fost ingrozitoare. A plouat'foarte multo

- Cum a fost vremea ieri?

> [bIu:]blew

8

> [nau ai steid Et haum 0:1del]

> [did iu: gau autsaldiestafdelj

> lies III DZa mo:'ninlgl]

> [Uoz it fogi]

> [ies it Uoz veri lauEnd it Uoz "indi]

> ["oz DZa tempnt~af lau]

> [nau It didnt DZa skai"OZ ven klaudi]

> [did DZa san ~am]

> [It "OZ o:tl "i: hEd a lot3\ rem]

> ["ot "cDZa! "oz itIcstafdet]

> [blau]

Was the temperature low?

Did you go outsideyesterday?

Yes, in the morning.

Was it foggy?

No, I stayed at home all day.

Yes, it was very low.And it was windy.

Did the sun shine?

No, it didn't. The skywas very cloudy.

What weather was ityesterday?

blow

Am introdus euvintele noi in urmatorul dialog. Cititi propozitiile ~i aeordati 0 deosebita atentiepronuntiei:

It was awful. We had a lotof rain.

awful > [o:tl] - erfmeen, teribil, ingrozitor

windy > ["indi] - vantos, eu mult vant

low > [lau] - JOS

sunny > [sam] - insorit

outside > [autsaid] - afara

cloudy > [klaudi] - noras, innorat

foggy > [fogl] - eetos

~

Observa!i folosirea cuvantului it cu referire la starea vremii:

Tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza folosind euvintele noi:

- A fost eeata ieri?

- Azi vremea este frumoasa.

> The temperature IS low, but it isn't foggy.

> In the morning It was windy and cloudybut now it IS sunny.

> The wind Isn't bloWIng.

> It IS nice today.

- Aeum este insorit.

> How is the weather today?

- Ieri a fost vant.

> I thmk we can have dmner outside.

9

Was it foggy yesterday?

Now it is sunny.

It is nice today.

It was windy yesterday.

Cum este vremea azi?

Azi vremea este frumoasa.

Nu sufla vantul.

Cred ea putem sa einam afara.

Temperatura este joasa dar nu este eeata.

Dimineata a fost vant ~i innorat,dar aeum este insorit.

Verifieati daea ati retinut euvintele noi. Tradueeti in limba engleza:

~;I

afara.;, '

> outside~. t4'~~f)L-~

I"""'Il

jos, seazut T > low1- -10- 01- 12 -l

'-==

innorat lQJ > cloudy

vantos, (eu) vant

~> windy

insorit, (eu) soare

~> sunny

eetos, (eu) eeata > foggy

10

- Last year we >gave them our books.

- The sun>has shone today.

- They> have en!l:red this building.

- J >knew her a long time ago.

- Mary> has sent all the letters today.

- Last week a strong wind >blew.

- They >wanted to do it yesterday.

- We >have seen a lot of plants.

- Yesterday I > bought him a coat and a shawl.

- Yesterday I >walked to work.

- We > knew about it a week ago.

- Today it > has been a foggy day.

- Ei lucreaza inca.

- Ieri am mers cu ma~ina.

- Ei locuiesc in strada Garii.

- Azi am fost in ora~.

- Acum conducem spre est.

Soarele a stralucit azi.

Anul trecut Ie-am dat cartile noastre.

Am cunoscut-o cu mult timp in urma.

Ieri i-am cumparat (lui) un sacou ~i 0 e~arIa.

Ei au intrat in aceasta cladire.

Ei au vrut sa faca asta ieri.

Maria a trimis toate scrisorile azi.

Jeri am mers pe jos la serviciu.

We have been in town today.

Speram ca exemplele ~i exercitiile v-au ajutat sa intelegeti deosebirile care exista intre cele douatimpuri. Daca totu~i mai aveti unele neclaritati, repetati inca 0 data materia leqiei.

We went by car yesterday.

Saptamana trecuta a suflat un vant putemic.

They live in Station Street.

Am vazut 0 multime de plante.

In urmatorul exercitiu yom face 0 comparatie intre utilizarea timpurilor Simple Past ~i Present Perfect. Completati propozitiile in Iimba engleza cu fonnele verbale corespunzatoare:

Azi a fost 0 zi cetoasa.

Urmeazii diteva exemple in care nu sefolose~tearticolul hotiiriit the:

They are still at work.

We are driving east now.

Noi ~tiam despre asta in urma cu 0 saptamana.

LECTIA 11 - PARTEA A nOVA,

Sa continuam lectia cu diteva cuvinte noi:

stamp > [stEmp] - timbru

ticket > [tikit] - bilet

novel > [novl] - roman

telephone > [telifaun] - telefon

tram > [trEm] - tramvai

tram stop > [trEm stop] - statie de tramvai

bus stop > [bas stop] - statie de autobuz

tlower > [tlaua'] - tloare

bank > [bEn(g)k] - banca

calendar > [kElindaf] - calendar, almanah

secretary > [sekratri] - secretar(a)

purse > [pii:'s] - portofel, geanta, po~eta

Repetati cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:


bank > [bEn(g)k] - banca

ticket > [tikit] - bilet

purse > [pa:'s] - portofel, geanta, po~eta



tlower > [ /laua'] - tloare


calendar > [kElindaf] - calendar, almanah


,.ecretary > [sekratri] - secretar(a)

telephone > [telifaun] - telefon

11

Cltl~1 cu voce tare urmatoarele propozitii in care apar cuvintele noi:

Completati propozltiile cu cuvintele nOll invatate:

- El a citit acest romansaptamana trecuta.

- Am vazut portofelul taupe masa.

- In bucatane este un calendar.

- Banca este vizavi de casalui Petre.

- Trebuie sa mergem acolocu tramvaiul.

- Unde este statia de tramvai?

- Statia de autobuz este pe colt.

- Ea mi-a dat flori ieri.

- Anul trecut ei nu avem telefon.

- Ea a cumparat ~apte timbre.

- Avem bilete de autobuz.

- Ea este secretara lui Peter.

- Put the >flowers on her desk.

- She has brought the >tickets with her.

- Go to the post-office and buy >stamps.

- Can we go to the >bank together?

- There is a >tram stop in the square.

- There is no >telephone here.

- Yesterday we waited for you at the >bus stop.

- There is little money in my >purse.

- Look at the >calendar.

- Do you like long >novels?

- Her daughter is a >secretary.

- Can we go by >tram?

12

> [hi: red OIlS nov1 la:stui:k]

> [O/a bEn(glk iz opaZltpi:taTz halls]

> [DZa bas stop iz Et D7ako:'na']

> ["eaT IZ fYa trEm stop]

> (O/eaTiz a kEl inda f

in DZa kit~an]

> [~i: ge/v 1m: HauaTzIcstaTde/]

> [ai hEy sl.n 10:' pa:'son D'a tcibl]

> [~I: iz pi:ta'z sckratri]

> lUi: hEy tikits fo f DZa bas]

> lUi: mast gilU D/eal bai

trEm]

> [~i: hEz bo:t scvn stEmps]

> [D/el didnt hEy a

tclifoun la:st lIaT]

Du-te la oficiul po~tal ~i cumpara timbre.

Pune florile pe biroul ei.

Vita-te in calendar.

Putem merge impreuna la banca?

Ea a adus bJletele cu ea.

Sunt putini bani in portofelul meu.

In piata este 0 statie de tramvai.

Ieri te-am a~teptat in statia de autobuz.

Nu este telefon aici.

Putem merge cu tramvaiul?

Iti plac romanele lungi?

We have tickets for the bus.

We must go there by tram.

He read this novel lastweek.

Where is the tram stop?

Fiica ei este secretara.

The bus stop is at the corner.

The bank is oppositePeter's house.

She gave me flowersyesterday.

She is Peter's secretary.

She has bought sevenstamps.

I have seen your purseon the table.

There is a calendarin the kitchen.

They didn't have atelephone last year.

Traduceti in limba engleza cuvintele urmatoare:

telefon > telephone

statie de tramvai > tram stop

statie de autobuz > bus stop

roman > novel

portofel > purse

banca > bank

tramvai > tram

bilet > ticket

timbru > stamp

~ floare > flower

calendar > calendar

secretar(a) > secretary

Sa ne intoarcem din nou la utilizarea timpului Present Perfect Tense. Folosim acest timp pentrudescrierea evenimentelor petrecute in trecut ~i care includ mai mult sau mai putin momentul actual,alaturi de always, ever, never ,~i just, precum ~i alaturi de urmatoarele complemente de timp:

recently > [ri:sntli] - recent, de curand

lately > [ leltli] - recent, de curand, in ultima vreme

already > [o:lredi] - deja

yet > [ iet] - inca, deja

so far > [sau fa: f] - pana acum, deocamdata

~

Complementul de timp "yet" se afla intotdeauna la sfar~itul propozitiei, "so far" lainceputul sau la sflir~itul propozitiei, iar celelalte complemente de timp se gasescinaintea formei a Ill-a a verbului sau la sflir~itul propozitiei.

Cititi cu voce tare complementele de timp care se folosesc alaturi de Present Perfect:

ever > [eva'] - vreodata, candva

already > [0: lredi] - deja

always > [o:l"eiz] - intotdeauna

lately > [leith] - recent, de curand, in ultima vreme

so far > [sau fa:'] - pana acum, deocamdata

never > [neva f] - niciodata

just > [dJast] - tocmai

yet > [ let] - inca, deja

recently > [ ri:snth] - recent, de curand

13

Iar acum, completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza. Retineti locul complementelor de timpin propozitie:

In exemplele urmatoare observati cum este folosit tlmpul Present Perfect ~i complementele de timpinvatate anterior:

- Am auzit despre el in ultimavreme.

- Noi tocmai am cinat.

- In ultimul timp, noi am muncitfoarte mult.

- Niciodata nu am vazut-o pe fataaceea.

- Le-a placut intotdeaunaaceasta casa.

- Ei au confectionat dejazece biblioteci.

> So far 1have gone to work by car.

> Mary and her husband have openeda shop lately.

> John's mother has recently spokento hIs wIfe.

> She has just gone for a walk.

> We have always wanted to go to England.

> I have already written five letters.

> She has never loved her husband.

- We > have seen some nice towns lately.

- They >have always walked in the parkin the evening.

- They> have just brought these chairs.

- So far we > have worked in the morning.

- We > have already had two dogs.

> [al hEv ha:'d abaut hunIcitlI]

>[UI: hEv djast hEd dina']

>[DZei hEv o:lredl meldten bukke/Slz]

>lDzel hEv o:lue1z la/ktDZls haus]

>[L1}; hEv ua:'kt a lotri: sntli]

>[al hEy neva' sl.n D7Etga:'l]

Maria ~i sotul ei au deschis de curandun magazin.

Pana acum m-am dus la serviciu cu ma~ina.

Am scris deja cinci scrisori.

Ea nu ~i-a iubit niciodata sotul.

Mama lui John a vorbit recent cu sotia lui.

Ea tocmai s-a dus la plimbare.

We have worked a lotrecently.

Noi am vrut intotdeauna sa mergem inAnglia.

Folosirea complementelor de tlmp yet ~i ever la timpul Present Perfect 0 vom prezenta in lectia 12,ciind yom invata formarea interogativului ~i a negativului.

14

I have heard about himlately.

I have never seen that girl.

In ultima vreme am vazut cateva ora~e frumoase.

We have just had dinner.

Ei tocmai au adus aceste scaune.

Noi am avut deja doi caini.

Pana acum am lucrat dimineata.

They have always likedthis house.

Traduceti in limba engleza propozitiile de mai jos:

Seara ei s-au plimbat intotdeauna prin parco

They have already madeten bookcases.

lata un nou grup de cuvinte. Fiti atenti la intelesul ~i la pronuntia lor:

Verbul to say face parte din grupa verbelor neregulate. Cele trei forme ale sale sunt urmatoarele:

Sa introducem in propozitii cuvintele recent invatate. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:

> [sed]said

Forma a Ill-a

- EI spune ca este foarte tarziu.

- Trebuie sa cobor la aceasta statie.

- Casa lor este aproape de banca.

- Ea s-a urcat deja in autobuz.

- Este prea devreme pentrua merge la cinematograf.

- Am vizitat-o seara tarziu.

15

> [it lZ tLl: a:'li tll gau tuD'a sinama]

said > [sed]

> [ai mast get of Et DZis

stop]

Forma a II-a

> [hI: iz se/m(g) it iz veri

!elt]

> [DZel' hallS iz nekst tllDZa bEn(gJk]

> [~i: hEz o:lredi got onD/a bas]

> [UI: vizltid ha:' leit inDZi i:vnin(g)]

He is saying it is very late.

I must get off at this stop.

Their house is next tothe bank.

We visited her late inthe evening.

say > [sei]

Forma I

She has already got onthe bus.

It is too early to go tothe cinema.

Formele verbelor to get on ~i to get off sunt identice cu acele forme ale verbului to get pe care Ie-amprezentat in lectia anterioara.

next to > [nekst tll] - aproape de, langa

early > [a:'1I] - devreme

late > [!elt] - tarziu

to get on > [tu get on] - a (se) urea

to get off > [tll get oil - a cobori

to say > [tll sei] - a spune

Acelea~i cuvinte, dar intr-o alta ordine:

late > [Ieit] - tarziu

to say > [tll sell - a spune

to get off > [tu get oil - a cobori

early > [a:'lJ] - devreme

to get on > [tLl get on] - a (se) urea

next to > [nekst tLl] - aproape de, langa

> It has been very cold today.

> He has Just saId he can't go with us.

> Did you buy this car yesterday?

> I have looked for my mother.

> I must put on a coat and a shawlbecause it is cold.

> Our children have had a hightemperature today.

> Old a strong wmd blow yesterday'~

- El a intarziat dimineatala micul dejun.

- A fost prea tarziu, ca samergem acolo.

- Autobuzul a intarziat ieri.

- 1 must >get offat the fourth stop.

- I always get up >early.

- Can you sit >next to me?

- She came to us > late in the afternoon.

- Ma scol intotdeauna devreme.

- >Get on! I can take you to the bank.

- She >says this house is too expensive.

16

He was late for breakfastin the morning.

The bus was late yesterday

Complementul de timp late poate avea mai multe intelesuri.

I always get up early.

in limba engleza complementul circumstantial (de exemplu "early")unneaza, de obicei, dupa verb:

It was too late to go here.

Ieri vantul a suflat cu putere?

Ieri ai cumparat aceasta ma~ina?

Azi copiii no~tri au avutfebra mare.

Azi a fost foarte frig.

El tocmai a spus ca nu poate merge cu noi.

La sfiir~itullectiei vom repeta intreaga materie. Traduceti propozitiile urmatoare in limba engleza:

Am cautat-o pe mama mea.

Trebuie sa imi pun 0 haina ~i 0 e~arta

pentru ca este frig.

a (se) urca > to get on

tarziu > late

a spune > to say

aproape de, langa > next to

a cobOrl > to get off

devreme > early

Ea spune ca aceasta casa este prea scumpa.

Poti sa te a~ezi 1<lnga mine?

Ea a venit la noi dupa-amiaza tarziu.

Urca! Pot sa te duc pana la banca.

Sa vedem in ce masura ati retinut cuvintele noi:

Trebuie sa cobor la a patra statie.

Eu rna scol intotdeauna devreme.

Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

La sffir~itullectiei, iata obi~nuitul exercitiu de pronuntie:

"My secretary has forgotten to take herpurse today"

> I saw her at the tram stop in the morning.

> Why have you given her flowers?

> My secretary has forgotten to take herpurse today.

> Have these people a telephone?

> Where can I buy a calendar?

> He has never gone to school.

> I have already stopped smoking.

> We have just had breakfast.

> I was there early in the morning.

> Why were you late for work yesterday?

> You must get on at this stop and get offnext to the post-office.

> Is the train late?

> I have read three novels so far.

> It was a sunny day yesterday.

> I don't like foggy mornmgs.

> In the evening we are going outside.

> I like to read English novels.

> I can buy tickets to the cinema.

> Can you give me two stamps?

> We have bought a red telephonefor the kitchen.

[ au] [e] [i: ] [ai]

low best eat buy

ago west keep sky

show seven teach high

coat get feet tie17

"We have just had breakfast"

Tocmai am luat micul dejun.

Am fost acolo dimineata devreme.

De ce ai intarziat ieri la serviciu?

Dimineata am vazut-o in statia de tramvai.

De ce i-ai dat ei flori?

Trenul are 'intarziere?

Nu-mi plac diminetile cetoase.

Seara mergem afara.

Imi place sa citesc romane engleze~ti.

Pot sa cumpar bilete de cinema.

Poti sa-mi dai doua timbre?

Am cumparat un telefon ro~u

pentm bucatarie.

leri a fost 0 zi insorita.

Trebuie sa te urci la aceasta statie ~i

sa cobori langa oficiul po~tal.

Pana acum am citit trei romane.

Azi secretara mea a uitat sa-~i iaportmoneul.

Ace~ti oameni au telefon?

De unde pot cumpara un calendar?

EI nu a mers niciodata la ~coala.

M-am lasat deja de fumat.

18

11.2.2. Cand folosim acest tlmp:

- Eu sunt catolic.

- Ea este dactilograra.


- Ea a cumparat 0 ma~ina.

- So\ul el este amencan.

- AZI am fost acasa.


bought a dog.

forma a III-a +a verbului principal

has

verbul auxiliarhave/has

She has bought a car.

I have been at home today.

Pronume +personal

She

Verbul auxiliar este to have conjugat la indicativ prezent. Daca verbul principal esteregulat atunci prime~te terminatia -d sau -ed, iar forma IUl este identica cu forma a Ill-adin diqlOnar (Simple Past).

Her husband IS an Amencan.

3. Folosim de asemenea, timpul Present Perfect alatun de complementele de timpalways, never, ever, just, recently, lately, already, yet, so far.

Who is the preSident of RomanIa?

1. Foloslm timpul Present Perfect pentru descrierea aC\IUnIlor trecute ~i incheiate:

2. Timpul Present Perfect se folose~te alaturi de complementele de timp this (week,month, ...), today, tonight. Acestea se afla la 'inceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei.

Complementul de timp yet se afla intotdeauna la sfiir~itul propozitiei, so far lainceputul sau la sfiir~itul propozltiei, iar restul complementelor de timp se gasescinaintea formei a Ill-a a verbului sau la sfiir~itul propozitiei.

Daca vorblm despre 0 functle care poate fi indeplinita doar de 0 smgura persoana, atunci putemfolosi sau omlte articolului hotarat the:

Who is president of Romania?

11.2.1. Propozl\la se construiqte astfel:

She is a typist.

I am a CatholIc.

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 11,

11.1. inaintea substantivelor care denumesc ocupatia, religia sau nationalitatea se folose~te

'intotdeauna articolul nehotadit a/an:

11.2. The Present Perfect Tense (prezentul perfect)

11.4. Complementul de timp "late" poate avea mai multe intelesuri:

] 1.3 Artlcolul hotarat "the" poate fi omis in urmatoarele situatii:

We went by car yesterday.

They are still at work.

We are driving east now.

We have been in town today.

They live in Station Street.

It is late.

The bus was late yesterday.

He was late for breakfast in the morning.

19

- Noi am mers ieri cu ma~ina.

- Ei lucreaza inca.

- Noi conducem spre est.

- Noi am fost in ora~ azi.

- Ei locuiesc in strada Garii.

- Este tarziu.

- Ieri a intarziat autobuzul.

- EI a intiirziat dimineata la micul dejun.

C. Corectati gre~elile din propozitiile de mai jos:

1. I never saw this town.

2. They were at home all day today. ~3. She wanted to go by the car yesterday.

4. I have already drinked the beer.

5. She has so far written two books.

6. They have bought this nice house three years ago.

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 11

A. Traduceti in limba romana urmatoarele propozitii:

1. They have already read this book.

2. Peter has been late for school today.

3. He was a secretary three years ago.

4. My brother has made a nice bookcase for his mother.

5. They have already been in England.

6. I have talked with her lately.

B. Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

1. Nu am vazut-o niciodata pe sora tao

2. Tatallui este pre~edintele Romaniei.

3. In ultima vreme am vizitat cateva tari frumoase.

4. Ei au intarziat intotdeauna la ~coala.

5. Imi place sa rna scol devreme.

6. Am taiat cinci copaci din gradina noastra.

20

•

" "LECTIA 12 - PARTEA INTAI,

Ca de obicei, yom incepe ~i aceasta lectie invatiind cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cuvoce tare ~i fiti atenti la traducerea lor:

floor > [flo: r] - podea, etaj

carpet > [ka:rpit] - covor

f100r lamp > [flo: r lEmp] - lampa cu picior

curtains > [ka:rtinz] - perdele, draperii

ceiling > [si: Iin(gl] - tavan

fireplace > [faiiFpleis] - camin, ~emineu

wall-paper > [Uo:1peipar] - tapet

socket > [sakit] - priza

picture > [pikt~ar] - tablou, pictura

armchair > [a:rmt~eaT] - fotoliu

settee > [seti:] - canapea

Acum recititi cuvintele intr-o alta ordine:

curtains > [ka:rtinz] - perdele, draperii

settee > [seti:] - canapea

floor > [ flo: r] - podea, etaj

fireplace > [faiarpleis] - camin, ~emineu

socket > [sakit] - priza

floor lamp > [flo:TIEmp] - lampa cu picior

carpet > [ka:rpit] - covor

ceiling > [si: lin(g)] - tavan

wall-paper > [Uo:1peipar] - tapet

armchair > [a:rmt~eaT] - fotoliu

picture > [pikt~aT] - tab lou, pictura

21

Sa folosim cuvintele noi in cadrul unui dialog. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare:

- ~i perdelele?

- Da, ~i nu trebuie nici 0 lampape tavan.

- Cred ea trebuie sa punemeanapeaua langa ~emineu.

- Camera aceasta este groaznica.

After ...

- Nu Ie vreau aiei.

- In plus, (eu) vreau sa punfotoliile langa masa.

- Ce zici de un covorgalben (pe podea)?

- Trebuie sa fie cafenii.

- ~i ee vrei sa faci eu aeestetablouri?

- Avem multe prize In camera,

a~a ea putem avea ~i

lampi eu pieior.

22

> [UI olsau "ant tu put DZaa:fmt~eafz nekst tu DZa telbl]

> [DZel mast bI: braun]

> [DZis ru:m lZ o:fl]

> [Ul TSm(g)k UI: mast put DZa

seti: nekst tu DZa falafpleis]

> ["I: mast olsau hEy"mt "a: I pelpaf]

> ["at abaut DZa bi:ftmz]

> [JI daunt "ODt DZem hiaf]

> [ L1 i: hEy mem sokltsIn DZa ru:m sau L1i: kEnhEy flO:f lEmps]

> [ies End D'eafmas( bl'nau IEmp on DZa si:lm(g)]

> [End "at du IU: "anttu du' "iDZ DZI"Z pikt~afz]

> ["ot du 1U: T'in(g)k abaut alelau ka:fpit on D'a flo:f]

I also want to put thearmchairs next to the table.

What do you think about ayellow carpet on the floor?

They must be brown.

I don't want them here.

Before ...

What about the curtains?

We must also havewhIte wall-paper.

I think we must put thesettee next to the fireplace.

This room is awful.

And what do you wantto do with these pictures?

We have many socketsin the room, so we canhave floor lamps.

Yes, and there must beno lamp on the ceiling.

23

Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limha engleza folosind cuvintele noi:

Re{ine{i consfruc{ia care apare intr-una din propozi{ii:

- The children are sitting on the >tloor now.

- When did you buy this >wall-paper?

- These > curtains are too expensive.

- Did you have a> fireplace then?

- I have put a > floor lamp next tothe window.

- I saw a very nice > picture yesterday.

- The >settee is in the comer of the room.

- I have always liked to sit in this> armchair.

- The> socket is behind that chair..

- Must the> ceiling be white?

- Where can I buy a> carpet?

- nu trebuie sa fie n!ci 0 lampa pe tavan

Aveai atunci un ~emineu?

Verificati-va daca ati reu~it sa va insu~iti cuvintele noi. Traduceti in limba engleza:

Priza este in spatele acelui scaun.

De uncle pot cumpara un covor?

Aceste perdele sunt prea scumpe.

Plafonul trebuie sa fie alb?

Ieri am vazut un tablou foarte frumos.

intotdeauna mi-a placut sa stau in fotoliul acesta.

Canapeaua este in coltul eamerei.

Cand ai cumparat acest tapet?

there must be no lamp on the ceiling

Copiii stau acum pe podea.

Am pus 0 lampa cu picior langa fereastra.

canapea > settee

•lampa eu picior > floor lamp

priza > socket

tapet > wall-paper

tavan > ceiling

covor > carpet

podea > floor

perdele > curtams

~emineu > fireplace

tablou > picture

fotoliu > armchair

2. A few [a flu ]- catva, cativa Unamtea substantive/or nUl1uirabile):

1. A little [a litl]- putin, catva, ceva ([naintea substantivelor nenumarabile):

- Ati scris pana acum

doua scrisori?

- Nu a citit niciodata

aceasta carte?

- A Cltlt ea vreodataaceasta carte?

- Ai vazut dejaacest tablou?

> I hl\ e we already secn t\\ 0 plctUl es')

> Has she been <it work today')

> Has my mother eve I liked my husband?

> Have they taught me English')

> Has she already had breakbst')

I have smoked> a few cigarettes today.

- Bring me > a hit] ewall-paper.

- I visited> a few friends yesterday.

- Sunt diteva stide pe podea.

- Can you give me > a Itttlemoney?

- Este pu!ina pame pe mas~l.

> [hEv IU: o.lrcchsl:n OilS pikt~a']

> [hEz Sl: neva' redO/IS buk]

> [hEz ~I: eva' redOilS buk]

> [hEv IU. litn

tu' ]cta'z sau fa:']

24

Has she ever readthis book?

Have you written

two letters so far?

Has she never readthiS book?

Have you alreadyseen this picture?

There is a little bread on the table.

She has been at work today.

We have already seen two pictures.

My mother has never liked my husband.

We have written

two letters so far.

She has already had breakfast.

They have taught me English.

Treceti urmatoarele propoZitil la fonna mterogativa:

There are a few bottles on the floor.

She has never readthiS book.

Bnng me some wall-paper.

Inlocuitl adJectivul some cu a little/a few:

Cltiti propozltlile urmatoare :

I have already seenthiS picture.

Sa ne Intoareem din nou fa tlll/pul Prescnt Perfect ,~l sa invafam cum se jormuleaza Intrebarile ,~i

raspunsunle.

Can you give me some money?

Formam mterogatn'ul prm lIl\'erSllll1e: verhul auxilwr have/has ocupa loeul subleetulUl. iar aeestatreee pe foeul af dotlea.

I have smoked some cigarettes today.

I vIsited some friends yesterday.

:;Itlm ea pronumele nehotdrat some poate sta inall1tea unui substantiv numarabil (In aeest ea: are

infelesul de ciitva, di!iva, ni~te, unii) sau Inallltea unui substantiv care denume,~teun obieet ee Ill!

are forma de plural (in aeest co: (' u in(elesul de pu!in, ceva, ni~te). Putem folosi aeest pronume casinonimul altor doua pronume lIehotanlte'

25

La formarea fntrebiirilor complexe a~eziim pronumele interogativ fnaintea verbului auxiliar:

- Ce a Iacut ea pfma acum?

- Cine a spus asta?

- Unde ai vazut-o pe aceasta fata?

- Cite can;i ai adus?

- Yes, I >have.- No, I >haven't.

- Yes, >they have.- No, >they haven't.

- Yes, >she has.

- No, >she hasn't.

- Yes, >it has.- No, >it hasn't.

> [Uot hEz ~i: dan sau fa:']

> [Ueat hEv iu: si:n DZis

ga.'I]

> [hu: hEz sed DZis]

> [hau meni buks hEv

iu: bro:t]

Pronumele interogativ when - "cand" nu se folose~te in intrebarile in care verbuleste la timpul Present Perfect.

What has she done so far?

Who has said this?

Have they wanted to be there first?

Where have you seen thisgirl?

How many books haveyou brought?

Has the secretary forgotten about the letter?

Have you already thought about it?

Has the sun shone today?

Have you cut your hair? No, I have not. > [nau ai hEv not] - Nu.

No, I haven't. >[nau ai hEvnt]

Have they already No, they have not. >[nau DZei hEv not] - Nu.

bought this house? No, they haven't. >[nau DZei hEvnt]

Has she already been No, she has not. > [nau ~i: hEz not] - Nu.

in England? No, she hasn't. > [nau ~i: hEznt]

Propozitiile negative se formeazii cu ajutorul cuviintului no. a pronumelui personal. a formeicorespunziitoare a verbului auxiliar ~l a cuviintului not. Structura have not poate fi prescurtatii,devenind haven't [hEvnt]. pe ciindforma prescurtatii construc!iei has not este hasn't[hEznt] :

Completati urmatoarele raspunsuri scurte:

Have you cut your hair? Yes, I have. >[ies ai hEv] - Da.

Have they already Yes, they have. > [ies DZei hEv] - Da.

bought this house?

Has she just come? Yes, she has. > [ies ~i: hEz] - Da.

Riispunsul afirmativ se formuleazii cu ajutorul cuviintului yes. a pronumelui personal ~i a formeicorespunziitoare a verbului auxiliar:

Formele negative se pot folosi ~i la formularea propozi{iilor fntregi:

In exercitiul urmator completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu partile de propozitie care lipsesc:

- Inca nu mi-au vazut casa.

- Ea nu a citit inca ziarul.

- Nu am vizitat-o inca pe mama.

> The moon hasn't shone yet this nIght.

> Have you already been at home?

> Has she heard It yet?

> Father hasn't got up yet.

> I haven't talked to her yet.

> The typists haven't come to work today.

> We haven't sent thIs letter yet.

- Where> have we worked this week?

- Where> has Peter been today?

- Who >has given me a little beer?

- What> have they had lately?

> rOzel hEvnt SI:n maihaus ICt]

> [~I: hEznt red Ozaniu:spclpar let]

> [ai hEvnt vlzitld maimaDzar iet]

Formele verbului to have se pot prescurta dupti cum urmeazti:

I have I've > [a/v] we have we've > [Ui:v]

you have you've > [IU:V] you have you've > [iu:v]

he has he's > [hu] they have they've > [DZeiv]

she has she's > [~l:Z]

it has it's > [its]

Luna inca nu a stralucit noaptea aceasta.

We have worked in the office this week.

Inca nu am vorbit cu ea.

Dactilografele nu au venit azi la serviciu.

Ea a auzit deja despre asta?

Complementul de timp already nu poate fi folosit in propozitii negative, intimp ce complementul de timp yet nu poate fi folosit in propozitii afirmative. Inschimb, ambele complemente circumstantiale pot fi folosite la formareainterogativului. Retineti, complementul circumstantial yet are doua intelesuri:deja (in propozitii interogative) ~i inca nu (in propozitii negative).

26

Ai fost deja acasii?

Nu am trimis inca aceasta scrisoare.

She has given me a little beer.

Peter has been at home today.

Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

Tata nu s-a sculat inca,

She hasn't read thenewspaper yet.

They haven't seen myhouse yet.

They have had a dog lately.

I haven't visited mymother yet.

Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii. Folositi forrne1e prescurtate daca este posibil:

Sa invatam acurn ciHeva prepozitii. incercati sa retineti foloslrea lor In context;

under > Landa'] - sub

over > [am a'] '- peste, deasupra, pe

across > l akros] - de-a curmezi~ul,pc partea cealalta

from > [ from] - de la, din

by > [b:ll] - (chiar) liinga, cu

Ei sunt langa fereastra.

~ Am asta de la mama mea.

- De obicei lucram de la

~apte la trei.

- Adu un scaun din bucatarie.

- Ciiinele este sub masa.

- Tabloul este deasupra lampii.

> \Vhere hay e you put this plant?

> Shc's always liked !lowers.

> We've talked to him recently.

> l"ve already understood it.

> How much coffee have you drunk today?

> Have you ever tried to stop smoking?

> I haven't thought about it yet.

> We haven't watched televiSIOn recently.

> He basn' t come yet

> [al hEY it from l1\<li

malYa'J

27

> r lYa dog: 11: anda"

IYa ie/hi]

> [l:mnl~1 a t~e,l' from

D/a kit.,an]

> [lYci a.' hai D/a "indau]

> l [Ya piktsa' il: am'ar

IYa tEmp]

> ["i: IU:Juali "a:'k from

s('vn tu T'ri' ]

The picture is over the lamp.

Sa introducem in propozitii cuvintele recent invatate:

We usually work [rom

seven to three.

The dog is under the table.

Bring a chair fromthe kitchen.

They are by the wmdow.

Unde ai pus aceasta planta?

Am vorbit eu el recent.

EI i-au placut Intotdeauna t1orile.

El nu a venit inca.

Am inteles deja.

I have it from my mother.

Ai ineercat vreodata sa te la~i de fumat?

Cala eafea ai haut azi?

inca nu m-am gfmdit la asta.

in ultima vrerne nu ne-am uitat la televizor.

- Biroul este de partea cealaltaa pletii.

- El traverseaza strada.

;'

) ))

/I

- The plane is flying> over the town.

- Are these flowers> from your husband?

- The armchairs are> by the window.

- Put that table> across the window.

- Our cat likes to sit> under the settee.

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Repetati cu atentie grupurile de cuvinte care urmeaza:

[a. f] [au] [al] [u. ]

early know fireplace too

curtains low shine blue

bird go sky you

first over my who

Aceste flori sunt de la sotul tau?

Pisicii noastre ii place sa stea sub canapea.

Fotoliile sunt Hinga fereastra.

Avionul zboara deasupra ora~ului.

Pune masa aceea vis-ii-vis de fereastra.

Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza cu prepozitiile care lipsesc:

The office is across the square. > [DZI ofis iz akrosDZa skUea f

]

He is going across the street. > [hi: IZ gaum(g) akrosDZa stn:tJ

LECTIA 12 - PARTEA A nOVA,

Cititi cu atentie urmatoarele dialoguri. Repetati exercitiul pana retineti corect pronuntia ~i intonatia.Cuvintele ~i silabele accentuate sunt scrise cu litere Ingro~ate.

Mary:

Peter:Mary:

Peter:

Mary:

Peter:

Barbara:

John:

Barbara:

John:

Barbara:

John:

Barbara:

John:

Tom:

Barbara:Tom:

Barbara:

Tom:

Barbara:

Tom:

Mary:

Peter:

Mary:

Peter:

Mary:

Barbara:

Peter:

Barbara:

Peter:

Barbara:

Peter:

Did you hear the weather-forecast on the radio yesterday?

Yes, I did. It was too cold yesterday to go for a walk.

And it was foggy, too.

I have never liked to walk in foggy weather, but the heat in summer was also

awful for me.

Do you want to have breakfast outside?

No, I don't. I think the temperature is very low outside and the wind is blowing.

Tom has already put on his coat and shawl.

We have a very nice house.

Yes, you have, and there is a nice settee in the living-room.

We have bought two armchairs so far, and I want to buy a fireplace to the bedroom.

Have you ever seen a fireplace in the bedroom?

No, I haven't.Look we can't put the floor lamp next to the table because tht:re is no socket there.

Yes, I see that. But you've just bought nice, green wall-paper.

I wanted to buy a red telephone too, but there was little money in my purse.

And what about those pictures on the wall?

They are also very nice. I have always liked these pictures.

Look at the calendar. Is it Sunday or Monday today?

Today is Sunday.

Then we can go to the cinema today.

First you must buy the tickets and then we can go to the cinema.

I have bought thcm. And we can go by tram.

Is the tram stop across the square?

Yes, it is. I think we must get off at the fourth stop.

Peter, a girl has just entered the house!

Who is she?

I think she is a secretary.

Does this secretary work in a bank?

I think she does, but she has brought you a letter from your sister.

Peter! What have you done so far?

I've been at work today.Why?

Because I want to go to the shop and I want to buy boots for me.

lt's too late to go to the shop now, and you can't buy those boots because

they are too expensive.

Then I want to buy some flowers. Where have you seen those flowers?

I saw them in the shop next to the bank.

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-In ultimul exercitiu yom recapitula cele invatate pana acum. TraducetI urmatoarele propoZltii in

limba engleza:

Cand au adus asta?

Ei vor sa rna invete sa citesc.

De ce mi-ai luat florile?

Cine a vrut sa cumpere casa aceasta?

Acum cautam 0 canapea frumoasa ~i

cioua fotolii.

Vezi acest avion deasupra parcului?

Inca nu am vorbit cu el.

Am incercat sa-i opresc.

Cand m-am ureat in autobuz, I-am vazutpe fratele meu.

El a venit deja.

Ai condus vreodata ma~ini mari?

In ultima vreme nu Ie-am scris serisoriprietenilor no~tri.

Azi ne-au pus cateva intrebari.

I-ai platit lui deja tapetul?

Ieri am auzit buletinul meteorologic.

Statia npastra de autobuz este pe parteacealalta a strazii.

Pana acum am scris doua scrisori.

EI nu ~i-a uitat mciodata prietenii.

Cine a facut asta?

La ce ora ai venit acasa?

Vita-te la florile de langa fereastra.

Nu au cumparat inca perdele in ceade-a doua camera.

Sora mea a cumparat recent cateva carti.

Cand le-ai aratat casa noastra?

30

> When did they bring it'!

> They want to teach me to read.

> Why have you taken my flowers?

> Who has wanted to buy this house?

> We are looking for a nice settee andtwo armchairs now.

> Do you see this plane over the park?

> I haven't talked to hun yet.

> I tried to stop them.

> \Vhen I got on the bus I saw my brother.

> He's already come.

> Have you ever dnven big cars?

> Lately we haven't written letters toour friends.

> They have asked us a few question today.

> Have you paid him for the wall-paper yet?

> We heard the weather-forecast yesterday. ,.,

> Our bus stop IS across the street.

> I have written two letters so f .

> He has never forgotten hiS fnends.

> Who has done it?

> What time did you come home'l

> Look at the flowers by the window.

> So far they haven"t bought curtainsfor the second room.

> My sister has recently bought a few books.

> \\'hen did you show them our house?

31

Some poate fi folosit ~i in locul altor doua pronume nehotarate:

2. A few [a fill:] - catva, ca!iva (lnaintea substantivelor numarabile):

- Yes, I have.

- Sunt ciiteva sticle pe podea.

- Have you already seen this picture?

- Unde ai vazut-o pe aceasta fata?

- No, 1have not.

- Este pu!ina paine pe masa.

Where have you seen this girl?

Have you cut your hair'!

I have already seen this picture.

Have you cut your hair?

There is a little bread onthe table.

There are a few bottles onthe floor.

Constructia have not poate fi prescurtata ~i devine haven't [h Evnt], iar eonstructiahas not devine hasn't l hEznt]:

12.2.5. La timplll Present Perfect pronllmele interogativ when - dnd nu poate fi folosit laformularea interogativllilli.

I. A little la litl] - pu!in, catva, ceva (lnaintea substantivelor care nu sunt numarabile):

12.2.4. La formarea Intrebarilor complexe a~ezam pronumele interogativ Inaintea verbuluiauxiliar:

Am Invaiat ca pronumele nehotanlt some poate sta Inaintea substantivelor numarabile (Inacest caz are in!elesul de dtva, dtiva, ni~te, unii) ~i inaintea substantivelor care nu au formade plural (In aceasta situatie cu semnifica!ia de putin, ceva, ni~te).

12.2.1. Formulam interogativul pnn inversarea ordinii verbului auxiIJar have/has ~i apronumelui personal sau a substantivului cu funqie de subiect:

12.2.2. Formulam raspunsurile afirmative cu ajutorul cuvantului yes, a pronumelui personal~) a formei corespunzatoare a verbuJui auxiliar.

12.2.3. Formulam negaiia eu ajutorul euvantului no, a pronumelui personal, a fonneicorespunzatoare a verbului auxiliar ~i a adverbului not.

12.1. Some, a few ~i a little.

12.2. Intrebarile ~I raspunsurile la timpul Present Perfect.

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI 12,

12.2.6 Complementul circumstantial already nu poate fi folosit in propozitii negatIve, intimp ce complementul circumstantial yet nu poate. fi folosit in propozitii afirmative.Ambele complemente circumstantiale pot figura in propozitii interogative, aviind sensuridifente.

12.3 Formele conjugate ale verbului to have pot fi prescurtate in felul urmator:

I have I've [aiv] we have we've [Ui:v)

you have you've [IU:V] you have you've [iu:v]

he has he's [hi:z) they have they've [DZeiv]

she has she's [~I:Z]

it has it's [its]

12.4 Prepozitiile in limba engleza

Folosirea in mod corespunzator a prepozitiilor trebuie retinuta in context.

under > [anda f] - sub

over > [auva r] - peste, deasupra, pe

across > [akros] - de-a curmezi~ul, pe partea cealalta

from > [from) - de la, din

by > [baiJ - (chiar) liinga, cu

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•

•

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 12

A. Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii In limba ramana:

1. They have never been there in winter.

2. We have already bought two floor lamps.

3. There were a few annchairs in the livmg-room.

4. Have you already seen these pictures?

5. They haven't read the newspaper yet.

6. The bus stop is across the street.

B. Traduceti propozitiile in hmba engleza:

1. leri am luerat de la ~apte la doua.

2. Clnd al cumparat perdelele?

3. Cate a serisori a scris ea pana acum?

4. In ultima vreme nu am vorbit eu el.

5. El a ureat deja In autobuz.

6. Adu-mi 0 eea~ca de eafea din bucaUirie.

C. Completati prepozitii1c corespunzatoare in propozitiile de mai jos:

I. Yesterday 1 got nice flowers my husband.

2. How many novels have they read __"_ far?

3. There are some clouds __ the sky.

4. The settee is next the fireplace.

5. Put a coat. It is very cold today.

33

VERBELE NEREGULATE DIN LECTIILE 11 SI 12, ,

forma a II-a

said >[sed]

forma a III-a

blown > [blaun]

34

>[blu:]

> [sed]said

blew>[blau]

> [sei]say

forma I-a

blow

VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR 11 SI 12, ,

across > [akros] - de-a cunnezl~ul, pe partea

cealalta, vis-a.-vis

already > [o:lredl] - deja

annchair > [a:rmt~ear] - fotoliu

awful > [o:tl] - crancen, teribil, i'ngrozitor

bank > [bEnlg1k] - banea

to blow > [tll blall] - a sufla, a bate (d. vant)

boot > [bu:tJ - gheata, eizma


by > [bail - (chiar) langa, Cll

calendar > [kElinda'] - calendar, almanah

carpet > [ka:'pltJ - eovor

Catholic > [kEl'iJk] - catolic(a)

celtlllg > [si:lin,gl] - tavan


cloudy > [klalldi] - IIlBorat, noras

coat > [but] - haina, sacau

cold > [kauldJ - reee, racoros

eurtams > [ka:rtInzJ - perdele, draperii

early > [a:'11J - devreme

a few > [il fill:J - ea(iva, eiiteva

fireplace > [ faia'plelsJ - eamin, ~emineu

floor > [no:'J - podea, etaj

floor lamp > [no:' lEmp] - lampa cu picior

flower > [tlalla'] - floare

fog > [fog] - cea(a

foggy > [fo)!i] - cetos, cu ceata

from > [from] - de la, din

to get otf > [tll get oil - a cobori

to get on > [tu get on] - a (se) urea

heat > I hi:tJ - caldura (puternica), caniculi!

e > [lettJ - tiirziu

35

lately > [ leitli] - recent, de cUfClnd, in ultima vreme

low > [lau] - jos, scazut

next to > [nekst tu] - aproape de, Ifmga


outside > [autsaid] - afara

over > l auva'] - peste, deasupra, pe

picture > [pikt~a'] - tablou, pictura

president > [prezidant] - pre~edinte

purse > [pa:'s] - portofel, geanta, po~eta ... ~

recently > [ri:sntli] - de curand, recent

to say > [tu sel] - a spune

secretary > [sckratri] - secretar(a)

settee > [seti: ] - canapea

shawl > [~o:l] - e~arIa

the sky > [DZa skai] - cerul

socket > [sokit] - priza

so far > [sau fa:'] - pana acum, deocamdata



sunny > [sani] - insorit, cu soare -\-.telephone > [tehfaun] - telefon

temperature > [tempnt~a'] - temperatura, febra

ticket > [tiklt] - bilet



under > [anda'] - sub.wall > [Uo:l] _0 zid, perete

wall-paper > [Uo:l peipa'] - tapet

weather-forecast > [UeDZa' fo:'ka:st] - prognoza vremii,buletin meteorologic

wind > [lImd] - vant

windy > [llindl] - vfmtos, cu mult vant

yet > [let] - inca, deja

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Engleza Pentru Incepatori - Lectia 11-12