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8/6/2019 engleza finalizat
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Ministerul Educatiei,Cercetarii,
Tineretului si Sportului
LICEUL TEORETIC<<DIACONOVICI-TIETZ>>
RESITA
Atestat pentru obtinerea certificatului
de competenta lingvistica la limba engleza
Prof. coordinator Candidat
Adina Ghinaci Jurjica A
Sesiunea mai 2011
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SHOPPING:
SUPERMARKETS AND MALLS
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1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………4
2.Supermarkets and Shopping Malls…………………………………………………......5
2.1 General Presentation….........................................................................................5
2.1.1 Supermarkets……………………………………………………………………….5
2.1.2 Shopping Mall……………………………………………………………………….7
2.2 List of Supermarkets and Malls in Romania………………………………..………10
2.3 List of supermarkets and Malls in Resita………………………………………........11
2.4History of supermarkets & Malls………………………………………………….…..12
3.Survey…………………….………………………………………………………………....16
3.1Questionaire……………………………………………………………………………..16
3.2 Results…………………………………………………………………………..………17
4.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….18
5.Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………...19
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1.Introduction
When I was a child, my family and I used to go to a local supermarket that was
close to our home. I enjoyed accompanying my parents at the supermarket because I
could buy different toys and candies. The toys that the supermarket had for sale were
not available in toy stores. Most of the toy stores in town didn’t carry toys like this
supermarket; this market had small dolls with their houses and small remote control
cars. The supermarket was organized in a unique way that made its interior look
different from the other grocery stores.
I chose this topic because it is important that people know all the facilities of a
supermarket and shopping mall before buying.
I will write about supermarkets and shopping malls and I will begin with a
short general presentation about them, then I will write about the history of
supermarkets and malls.
To find out about the people’s attitude towards supermarkets and malls, I
made a survey. The last part of the paper includes the questionnaire used and the
conclusion I draw from the people I asked.
The paper ends with my general conclusions.
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2.Supermarkets and Shopping Malls
2.1 General Presentation
2.1.1 Supermarkets
A supermarket, a form of grocery store, is a self-service store offering a wide
variety of food and household merchandise, organized into departments. It is larger in
size and has a wider selection than a traditional grocery store, also selling items
typically found in a convenience store, but is smaller and more limited in the range of
merchandise than a hypermarket or big-box store.
The supermarket typically sells meat, fresh produce, dairy, and baked goods
departments, along with shelf space reserved for canned and packaged goods as wellas for various non-food items such as household cleaners, pharmacy products and pet
supplies. Most supermarkets also sell a variety of other household products that are
consumed regularly, such as alcohol (where permitted), medicine, and clothes, and
some stores sell a much wider range of non-food products.
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The traditional suburban supermarket occupies a large amount of floor space,
usually on a single level. It is usually situated near a residential area in order to be
convenient to consumers. Its basic appeal is the availability of a broad selection of
goods under a single roof, at relatively low prices. Other advantages include ease of
parking and frequently the convenience of shopping hours that extend far into the
evening or even 24 hours a day. Supermarkets usually allocate large budgets to
advertising, typically through newspapers. They also present elaborate in-store displays
of products. The stores are usually part of corporate chains that own or control
(sometimes by franchise) other supermarkets located nearby—even transnationally—
thus increasing opportunities for economies of scale. Supermarkets are typically
supplied by the distribution centers of their parent companies, such as Loblaw
Companies in Canada, which operates thousands of supermarkets across the nation.
Loblaw operates a distribution centre in every province—usually in the largest city in the
province.
Supermarkets usually offer products at low prices by reducing their economic
margins. Certain products (typically staple foods such as bread, milk and sugar) are
occasionally sold as loss leaders, that is, with negative profit margins. To maintain a
profit, supermarkets attempt to make up for the lower margins by a higher overall
volume of sales, and with the sale of higher-margin items. Customers usually shop by
placing their selected merchandise into shopping carts (trolleys) or baskets (self-
service) and pay for the merchandise at the check-out. At present, many supermarket
chains are attempting to further reduce labor costs by shifting to self-service check-out
machines, where a single employee can oversee a group of four or five machines at
once, assisting multiple customers at a time.
A larger full-service supermarket combined with a department store is
sometimes known as a hypermarket. Other services offered at some supermarkets may
include those of banks, cafés, childcare centres/creches, photo processing, video
rentals, pharmacies and/or petrol stations.
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Metro Cash & Carry is an international market leader in the sector of self-
service wholesale and at the same time the most international retail brand with the
highest sales volume of the METRO GROUP.
Metro Cash & Carry Romania opened the first store in Otopeni in October
1996. In the following decade, the company concentrated on expanding the sales
network, which developed at record speed with excellently balanced territory coverage.
A total of 25 stores are now operating in the country in the following locations:
Bucharest (5), Brasov (2), Constanta (2), Timisoara (2) and one each at Cluj, Bacau,
Craiova, Baia Mare, Iasi, Suceava, Galati, Ploiesti, Oradea, Sibiu, Targu Mures, Pitesti
and Arad, with a total selling space of over 170,000 sqm and an assortment of 17,500articles available to professional customers under one roof. In April 2010, Metro Cash &
Carry Romania introduced the new concept store "METRO Punct" in Satu Mare. The
"METRO Punct" store mainly targets small and meduim-sized traders and retailers.
Currently the company operates two such stores, with the 2nd location in Piatra Neamţ.
Shopping Malls
A shopping mall, shopping centre, or simply mall is one or more buildings
forming a complex of shops representing merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways
enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit, along with a parking area – a modern,
indoor version of the traditional marketplace.
Modern "car-friendly" strip malls developed from the 1920s, and shopping
malls corresponded with the rise of suburban living in many parts of the Western World,
especially the United States, after World War II. From early on, the design tended to be
inward-facing, with malls following theories of how customers could best be enticed in a
controlled environment. Similar, the concept of a mall having one or more "anchor" or
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"big box" stores was pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scale chain stores
intended to benefit from the shoppers attracted by the big stores
In most of the world the term shopping centre is used, especially in Europe,
Australasia and South America; however shopping mall is also used, predominantly in
North America and the Philippines. Outside of North America, shopping precinct and
shopping arcade are also used. In North America, the term shopping mall is usually
applied to enclosed retail structures (and is generally abbreviated to simply mall), while
shopping center usually refers to open-air retail complexes; both types of facilities
usually have large parking lots, face major traffic arterials and have few pedestrian
connections to surrounding neighborhoods.
Shopping arcade in Tokyo, Japan
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Shopping centers in the United Kingdom can be referred to as "shopping
centers", "shopping precincts", or "town centers". The standard British pronunciation of
the word "mall" is as in "The Mall, London" – the tree-lined avenue leading to
Buckingham Palace, London and also like "pal" (friend). Mall can refer to either a
shopping mall – a place where a collection of shops all adjoin a pedestrian area – or an
exclusively pedestrianized street that allows shoppers to walk without interference from
vehicle traffic. Mall is generally used in North America to refer to a large shopping area
usually composed of a single building which contains multiple shops, usually "anchored"
by one or more department stores surrounded by a parking lot, while the term arcade is
more often used, especially in Britain, to refer to a narrow pedestrian-only street, often
covered or between closely spaced buildings (see town center). A larger, often partly
covered and exclusively pedestrian shopping area is in Britain also termed a shopping
centre, shopping precinct, or pedestrian precinct.
The majority of British shopping centers are in town centers, usually inserted
into old shopping districts and surrounded by subsidiary open air shopping streets. A
number of large out-of-town "regional malls" such as Meadow hall, Sheffield and the
Trafford Centre, Manchester were built in the 1980s and 1990s, but planning regulations
prohibit the construction of any more. Out-of-town shopping developments in the UK arenow focused on retail parks, which consist of groups of warehouse style shops with
individual entrances from outdoors. Planning policy prioritizes the development of
existing town centers, although with patchy success. The Metro Centre, in Gates head
(near Newcastle upon Tyne), is the largest shopping center in Europe with over 330
shops, 50 restaurants and an 11 screen cinema and Westfield London is the largest
inner-city shopping center in Europe. Bullring, Birmingham is the busiest shopping
center in the UK welcoming over 36.5 million shoppers in its opening year.
With a retail experience of almost two decades, IULIUS GROUP is the most
prominent developer and operator of mall type shopping centers in Romania. The
company holds in its portfolio four malls under the IULIUS brand, in Iasi, Timisoara,
Cluj-Napoca and Suceava, centers that attract over 40 million visitors annually.
Currently IULIUS GROUP is developing in Iasi the Pales urban ensemble, an
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investment having a value that exceeds 260 million euro. In its capacity as active
member of the International Council of Shopping Centers in New York, IULIUS GROUP
benefits from the active support of this international organization in the development,
building and operation of shopping centers.
Inaugurated in 2005 and further extended in 2009, Iulius Mall Timisoara is the
largest mall outside the Capital city, having a total built area of 177,613 square meters
and a total leasable area of 64,215 square meters.
330 stores, 2,500 parking places located above and underground, food court having a
capacity of 1,700 persons and 14 fast food units, these are the coordinates of the mall
located in the Banat region after a total investment with a 105 million euro value.
Since the beginning, Iulius Mall Timisoara became a lifestyle landmark for the
inhabitants of the western region of our country, impressively surprising through its
original architecture, the diversity of brands and the countless opportunities for
relaxation and entertainment.
2.2 List of Supermarkets and Malls in Romania
This is a list of supermarket and other retail chains in Romania. The Romanian
supermarket industry is a highly successful market in the retail area. The concept of
supermarkets or hypermarkets came to Romania after 1989, and most supermarkets
are made up of joint ventures between Romanian and foreign investors. Since 2000,
there has been a strong growth in the number of supermarkets in the country,
particularly in Bucharest and other main urban areas.
• Auchan (7 hypermarkets & 1 supermarket)
• Carrefour (23 hypermarkets)
• Carrefour Express (23 supermarkets)
• Cora (7 hypermarkets)
• Kaufland (60 hypermarkets)
• Metro (30 cash and carry stores)
• Real (25 hypermarkets)
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• Selgros (18 cash and carry stores)
• Billa (56 supermarkets)
•
Penny Market (106 discount supermarkets)• Penny Market XXL (6 discount hypermarkets)
• Spar (1 hypermarket & 12 supermarkets)
• Plus (107 discount supermarkets)
• Profi (83 supermarkets)
• Albinuta (9 supermarkets)
• Mega Image (60 supermarkets)
• G'market (7 supermarkets)• miniMAX Discount (44 discount supermarkets)
• Angst (24 supermarkets)
• Oncos (36 supermarkets in Cluj-Napoca area)
• Altex (70 stores)
• Flanco (74 stores)
• Domo (134 stores - 127 DOMO and 7 Technomarket)
• Media Galaxy (13 stores)
• DIY hypermarkets:
• Praktiker (27 stores)
• Bricostore (14 stores)
• Mr. Bricolage (3 stores)
• Baumax (13 stores)
• Hornbach (4 stores)
• OBI (7 stores)
• Arabesque (18 stores)
• Brithouse (4 stores)
• Interhome (5 stores)
• Ambient (12 stores)
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• Dedeman (24 stores)
• Ikea (1 store)
•
Mobexpert (32 stores)
• Future entrances of supermarket chains into the Romanian market:
• Tesco
• Lidl (2007-2009)
2.3 List of supermarkets and Malls in Resita
• Nerra Shopping Center(Kenvelo, House of art, Amely, Nike, Flanco,Orange,
Vodafone, Cosmote, Carrefour Express,Daro Sport, Diverta, B&B Collection)
• 1 Hypermarket Kaufland + Deichmann, Takko , Queen, Dm, Flanco world
• 1 Supermatket Plus
• 1 Supermarket Billa
• 2 Supermarket-uri Carrefour express
• 2 Supermarket-uri Profi
• 1 Hypermarket Dedeman
2.4 History of supermarkets & Malls
Malls
The first structure resembling what is considered to be a "shopping mall" in the
present-day is located in The City of Damascus, the capital city of Syria. It is called Al-
Hamidiyah Souq in old Damascus and dates back to the seventh century. Isfahan's
Grand Bazaar, which is largely covered, dates from the 10th century. The 10 kilometer
long covered Tehran's Grand Bazaar also has a long history. The Grand Bazaar of
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Istanbul was built in the 15th century and is still one of the largest covered markets in
the world, with more than 58 streets and 4,000 shops.
Gostiny Dvor in St. Petersburg, which opened in 1785, may be regarded as one of thefirst purposely-built mall-type shopping complexes, as it consisted of more than 100
shops covering an area of over 53,000 m2 (570,000 sq ft). The Oxford Covered Market
in Oxford, England opened in 1774 and still runs today.
Cabot Circus shopping centre, Bristol, England
The Burlington Arcade in London was opened in 1819. The Arcade in
Providence, Rhode Island introduced the retail arcade concept to the United States in
1828. This was a forerunner of today's shopping mall.The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
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in Milan, Italy followed in the 1870s and is closer to large modern malls in spaciousness.
Other large cities created arcades and shopping centres in the late 19th century and
early 20th century, including the Cleveland Arcade, Dayton Arcade and Moscow's GUM,
which opened in 1890. Early shopping centers designed for the automobile include
Market Square, Lake Forest, Illinois (1916) and Country Club Plaza, Kansas City,
Missouri (1924).
An early indoor mall prototype in the United States was the Lake View Store
at Morgan Park, Duluth, Minnesota, which was built in 1915 and held its grand opening
on July 20, 1916. The architect was Dean and Dean from Chicago and the building
contractor was George H. Lounsberry from Duluth. The building is two stories with a fullbasement, and shops were originally located on all three levels. All of the stores were
located within the interior of the mall; some shops were accessible from inside and out.
In the mid-20th century, with the rise of the suburb and automobile culture in the United
States, a new style of shopping centre was created away from downtown.
Supermarkets
We take it for granted today, but less than 100 years ago, the supermarket
seemed like some sort of bizarre fantasy. Wait a minute-that’s what it seems like today,
too. Well, anyway, here are some historical highlights.
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At the end of the 19th
century, a typical food-shopping trip wasn’t as easy as it is today. Buying grocerieswould have included, for example:
* Stop at the butcher for meat. (You could also choose from a small selection of canned
goods and bread.)
* A stop at the fruit store for fresh produce.
* Stopping on the street to buy from milk wagons, and from horse-and-wagon peddlers
hawking their specialties-anything from baked goods to fish or ice.
* A final stop at the local grocer, who sold canned goods, potatoes, and sugar in 100-
pound sacks, molasses, and sauerkraut in barrels, bacon in slabs, and butter in tubs.
But strolling through the aisles was out of the question. At the counter, customers told
the grocer what they wanted and a clerk would fill their order.
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THE SELF-SERVE STORE
Then, in 1916 Clarence Saunders opened the Piggly Wiggly store in Memphis,
Tennessee. “Astonished customers,” write the Sterns in their Encyclopedia of Pop
Culture, “were given baskets (shopping carts weren’t invented) and sent through the
store to pick what they needed-a job formerly reserved for clerks.” Although customers
were a little bewildered by the dozens of stocked aisles at first, Piggly Wigglyy was an
immediate success. It grossed $114,000 in the first six months-with expenses of only
$3,400. Before long, there were over 1,000 of them in 40 states. The self-serve grocery
store began to spread.
3. Survey
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3.1 Questionnaire
Q.1) Your Name: __________
Q.2) Address: _________________
Q.3) Contact Number: ____________________
Q.4) Email ID: ______________________
Q.5) Where from would you prefer to do your shopping?
Q.6)Do you prefer to buy fresh products from the market?
Q.7)Do you prefer supermarkets or markets?
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3.2 Results
Sales
Market
customersSupermarket
customers
I did a survey this month to check how many people choose to do their
shopping in supermarkets and how many people choose to do shopping at the market!
I asked 100 people and the answers were: 25% from the buyerschose the supermarket and 75% chose the market.
I asked why they made that choice and the majority responded that they wanted to buy
cheap and healthy products and the only place to find them is at the market.
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4.Conclusions
Supermarket Vs. Market
The advantage of the markets, apart from being beautiful and enjoyable, is
that you can speak to the producers and support them, whereas supermarkets will
cream off most of a small-producer’s profits. It is obvious which market stalls are selling
their own specialist products, like home-grown vegetables, poultry, or foie grass, as
oppose to those traders who are selling lots of different cheeses, vegetables or meat,
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which they themselves have bought.
It is absolutely brilliant to be able to ask a stall owner, selling one type of
cheese, for example, how their animals live and how the cheese is made. A market stall
selling just their own cheese or poultry will often have a pictures of their livestock’s living
conditions. In a supermarket, even if a cheese or wine does come from nearby, it is
likely that the products are manufactured from milk or grapes that are delivered to a
coop by lots of different farmers.
Individual shops, such as bakers, butchers and chocolate shops are a superb resource.
They sell their own produce, or the owner can tell you all about where their
stock and ingredients come from (usually local). In France, those that have chosen to
dedicate their lives to running their own specialist outlet, will have studied their trade
and production skills for a number of years before getting started.While these shops can
be more expensive than the supermarkets, the quality of your purchases will be
significantly higher, usually fresher, and with less preservatives etc. You don't have to
wait until market day to stock up on goodies from these shops, and they do need
support; more and more French consumers are falling into the supermarket trap, and if
we're not careful the specialists will die out, like so many did in the UK.
In conclusion, markets are more fun and vibrant than supermarkets, withtasters, freebees, hustle, bustle etc., but are, along with specialist shops, also fantastic
if you are curious about the origins of what you are eating. Cost-wise, the market stalls
and individual shops cannot compete with the supermarkets.
5.Bibliography
Secrets of the Shopping Mall – Richard Peck
Call of the Mall – Paco Underhill
www.wikipedia.ro
www.supermarketnews.com
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www.esmmagazine.com