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Decentralized Wastewater Management Collection, Treatment, and in-ground reuse Collection, Treatment, and in-ground reuse
NEARNEAR the point of generation. the point of generation.
Minimizes wastewater:Minimizes wastewater: VolumesVolumes InfrastructureInfrastructure CostsCosts
Facilitates “smart growth” conceptsFacilitates “smart growth” concepts
Enhances property value and “livability”Enhances property value and “livability”
A Hybrid Sewer SystemA Hybrid Sewer System Septic tanks for solids removalSeptic tanks for solids removal Small diameter sewer linesSmall diameter sewer lines
(2”-4” PVC pipe)(2”-4” PVC pipe) Low O&M treatment system serving Low O&M treatment system serving
multiple homesmultiple homes In-ground disposal/reuseIn-ground disposal/reuse
(UIC permit)(UIC permit) Minimizes capital and O&M costsMinimizes capital and O&M costs
Decentralized Wastewater Decentralized Wastewater Management….Management….
Is a perfect fit for…Is a perfect fit for…• Watershed protectionWatershed protection• Minimization of wastewater Minimization of wastewater
infrastructure and costsinfrastructure and costs• Smart growthSmart growth• Property value enhancementProperty value enhancement• Community PrideCommunity Pride
Key Concepts of Decentralized Key Concepts of Decentralized SystemsSystems
Minimization of collection systemMinimization of collection system
Use of simple, low O&M treatment Use of simple, low O&M treatment technologiestechnologies
Minimization of solids handlingMinimization of solids handling
Use of localized disposal and/or reuse Use of localized disposal and/or reuse of the treated wastewaterof the treated wastewater
Public and Private Utilities, Public and Private Utilities, Nationwide are Implementing Nationwide are Implementing
Decentralized SystemsDecentralized Systems
Mobile, AL (2 utilities)Mobile, AL (2 utilities) Jefferson Co., AL (Birmingham Area)Jefferson Co., AL (Birmingham Area) Oregon, Illinois, Washington, Oregon, Illinois, Washington,
Missouri, Tennessee, Massachusetts, Missouri, Tennessee, Massachusetts, etc.etc.
Decentralized Sewer Model…Decentralized Sewer Model… Pretreatment – Pretreatment – interceptor tanksinterceptor tanks Collection – Collection – short length, small short length, small
diameter diameter Treatment –Treatment –simple, low O&Msimple, low O&M In-ground reuseIn-ground reuse
Regulated Utility Managed (ADEM Regulated Utility Managed (ADEM Permitted)Permitted)• Construction specsConstruction specs• Treatment system operationTreatment system operation• Long-Term collection and treatment system Long-Term collection and treatment system
maintenance, including septage managementmaintenance, including septage management• BillingBilling
Traditional “Centralized” Sewer
Traditional “Traditional “CentralizedCentralized” Sewer” Sewer Characterized by….Characterized by….
• Long lengths of pipeLong lengths of pipe• Large diameter pipesLarge diameter pipes
To handle large flows and solidsTo handle large flows and solids• Subject to infiltration and inflow (rain water)Subject to infiltration and inflow (rain water)• Large, complex treatment plantsLarge, complex treatment plants• Discharge of effluents to surface waters Discharge of effluents to surface waters
• Costly $$$$Costly $$$$
Decentralized Sewer
““Decentralized” SewerDecentralized” Sewer Characterized by….Characterized by….
• Smaller volumesSmaller volumes• Shorter lengths of pipeShorter lengths of pipe• Small diameter pipesSmall diameter pipes
Smaller flows, little or Smaller flows, little or nono solids solids• Simple treatment plantsSimple treatment plants
Little or no solids handling, high quality effluentsLittle or no solids handling, high quality effluents• In-ground disposal or reuse of effluents In-ground disposal or reuse of effluents • More cost-effectiveMore cost-effective• Utility Managed!Utility Managed!
Mobile, ALMobile, AL
13 “cluster” systems in operation13 “cluster” systems in operation• Commercial, residential, and schoolsCommercial, residential, and schools• 10,000 gpd to 60,000 gpd10,000 gpd to 60,000 gpd• 45 to 270 homes (each system)45 to 270 homes (each system)• 1665 home equivalent (total)1665 home equivalent (total)
Owned and Operated by 3 different Owned and Operated by 3 different public utilitiespublic utilities
Mobile Systems Consist of: Mobile Systems Consist of:
Effluent SewerEffluent Sewer• interceptor tanksinterceptor tanks• Collection…short lengths, small Collection…short lengths, small
diameterdiameter
TreatmentTreatment –simple, attached –simple, attached growth, low O&Mgrowth, low O&M
In-ground disposal or reuseIn-ground disposal or reuse• UIC Permits (State EPA…>10,000 UIC Permits (State EPA…>10,000
gpd)gpd) Utility managementUtility management
• Construction specsConstruction specs• Treatment system operationTreatment system operation• Collection and treatment system Collection and treatment system
maintenance, including septage maintenance, including septage managementmanagement
• billingbilling
Cluster SystemCluster System
Effluent SewerEffluent Sewer(one type of alternative collection)(one type of alternative collection)
Septic tank at each home removes solids (and liquifies)Septic tank at each home removes solids (and liquifies) Liquids only are transported in the sewerLiquids only are transported in the sewer Small-diameter (2” to 4” pvc) sewers are the normSmall-diameter (2” to 4” pvc) sewers are the norm
Source: Orenco Systems,Inc.
Johnson Road HomeJohnson Road Home
Septic tank in front yardControl panel
Septic Tank(Showing Effluent Filter and Pump)
Septic Tank
(to intercept & liquify solids)
Effluent Filter & Pump
Orenco Systems, Inc.
In-tank effluent filter and pump In-tank effluent filter and pump vaultvault
Treatment System TechnologiesTreatment System Technologies(many types available)(many types available)
• Highly efficient• Small Footprint• Low solids production• Cost effective
Lotus “Active-Cell” (by Aquapoint)
Fluidized, fixed-film reactor
Lotus “Active-Cell”Lotus “Active-Cell”Aerobic Basin and Fluidized Media BedAerobic Basin and Fluidized Media Bed
Aquapoint BioclereAquapoint BioclereAttached GrowthAttached Growth
Bioclere O&MBioclere O&M1.1. What equipment is required for typical operation & What equipment is required for typical operation &
maintenance?maintenance?
A Sludge JudgeA Sludge Judge will allow you to determine the depth of the sludge blanket will allow you to determine the depth of the sludge blanket in any tank where sludge is stored.in any tank where sludge is stored.
A Bottle BrushA Bottle Brush is required for Bioclere operations and is used to clean the is required for Bioclere operations and is used to clean the dosing array spray nozzles.dosing array spray nozzles.
An Amp MeterAn Amp Meter will allow you the check pump amperage to ensure their will allow you the check pump amperage to ensure their functionality without having to pull them out of the Bioclere, Lotus or other functionality without having to pull them out of the Bioclere, Lotus or other Aquapoint treatment equipment.Aquapoint treatment equipment.
A pH, Ammonia, Nitrate and Alkalinity kitA pH, Ammonia, Nitrate and Alkalinity kit will help you perform quick field will help you perform quick field tests to determine influent and effluent wastewater conditions.tests to determine influent and effluent wastewater conditions.
A small Spare PartsA small Spare Parts inventoryinventory is recommended so that if a piece of is recommended so that if a piece of equipment needs to be replaced it can be done in a timely manor. equipment needs to be replaced it can be done in a timely manor.
Bioclere O&M (cont.)Bioclere O&M (cont.)
2. How often do I pump the primary or septic tank?2. How often do I pump the primary or septic tank?The primary tank should be pumped once the sludge has The primary tank should be pumped once the sludge has reached 1/3 the liquid depth. Sludge depth can be determined reached 1/3 the liquid depth. Sludge depth can be determined using a sludge judge. Sludge accumulation and pumping using a sludge judge. Sludge accumulation and pumping frequency depends on the tank volume and the organic loading frequency depends on the tank volume and the organic loading to the treatment system. to the treatment system.
3. How often do I clean the Bioclere spray nozzles?3. How often do I clean the Bioclere spray nozzles?
Nozzle cleaning frequency is a function of organic and Nozzle cleaning frequency is a function of organic and hydraulic loading to the plant. Cleaning the nozzles once a hydraulic loading to the plant. Cleaning the nozzles once a month is usually sufficient for most applications. month is usually sufficient for most applications.
Biomicrobics FASTBiomicrobics FASTAerated Fixed-FilmAerated Fixed-Film
Delta BiopodDelta Biopodaerated fixed-filmaerated fixed-film
Recirculating Sand Filter Module SchematicRecirculating Sand Filter Module Schematic
Recirculation
Tank Schematic Courtesy of Orenco Systems
In fromSeptic tank
To subsurfaceDisposal
INSTALLATION OF RECIRCULATION TANKS (2-30,000 GALLONS)
LEVELING OF RECIRCULATION
TANKS
Recirculating Sand Filter (Wastewater Treatment)
Textile Media Filter TreatmentTextile Media Filter Treatment(an inside look)(an inside look)
Ball valves (for flushing)
Orifice and splash cap
Champion Hills WWTF – 30,000 Champion Hills WWTF – 30,000 gpdgpd
Simple, Textile Media TreatmentSimple, Textile Media Treatment(30,000 gpd…150 homes)(30,000 gpd…150 homes)
Copeland Island Residential DevelopmentCopeland Island Residential Development(West Mobile, AL…220+ homes on decentralized sewer)(West Mobile, AL…220+ homes on decentralized sewer)
Dauphin Environmental Equipment, LLC
BODBODCopeland Island RSFCopeland Island RSF
Flow: 6000 to 11,000 gpd
199189
172
116135
153
104121
148169
152
209
164
10 12 7 4 7 5 8 12 20 12 5 4 30
50
100
150
200
250
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Month
BO
D, m
g/L
BODin
BODout
Subsurface Drip IrrigationSubsurface Drip Irrigation(Small amounts of Treated Effluent Supplied to Plant Roots)(Small amounts of Treated Effluent Supplied to Plant Roots)
Subsurface Drip Reuse…ParksSubsurface Drip Reuse…Parks
Subsurface Drip Reuse…Subsurface Drip Reuse…Landscaping & TrailsLandscaping & Trails
Decentralized Cluster System
O&M Costs
Power (20,000 gpd…~90 homes) $70/mo.Weekly/Monthly samplingUpkeep (grass mowing)Personnel (part-time employee…1 day/week)Tank solids management (once every 7 years on average)
$20-$22/month per home (actual O&M cost) $35-$40/month per home (sewer fee)
Utility Management ModelUtility Management Model DeveloperDeveloper
• Pays utility $500 to $3000 per lot—for WWTFPays utility $500 to $3000 per lot—for WWTF• Deeds land for WWTF to utilityDeeds land for WWTF to utility• Installs sewer main in development (2”-4” line)Installs sewer main in development (2”-4” line)• Pays “tap fee” ($1700-$3200) as each house is Pays “tap fee” ($1700-$3200) as each house is
soldsold• For STEP or STEG system, onsiteFor STEP or STEG system, onsite
UtilityUtility• Builds and operates WWTFBuilds and operates WWTF• Installs and maintains STEP or STEG systems Installs and maintains STEP or STEG systems
onsiteonsite HomeownerHomeowner
• Pays a monthly sewer fee ($30-$40/month)Pays a monthly sewer fee ($30-$40/month)
Decentralized Wastewater ManagementDecentralized Wastewater Management
SummarySummary
Smaller scale wastewater managementSmaller scale wastewater management Lesser infrastructure and costLesser infrastructure and cost Protects public health & the environmentProtects public health & the environment Can enhance property values and livability Can enhance property values and livability Follows “smart growth” idealsFollows “smart growth” ideals