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Engaging University Communities in Environmental Change Programs to Reduce High-Risk Drinking
Matt HeckerLinda Major
2008 ASJA 20th Anniversary Conference
February 8, 2008
“A Matter of Degree”
• $700,000.00 five-year grant funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; $500,000.00 four-year extension
• Administered by the American Medical Association
• University of Nebraska-Lincoln one of 10 universities selected nationwide to pilot new strategies
• Evaluated by the Harvard School of Public Health
• Directed by a campus-community coalition
• Environmental approach
• Visible and vocal campus and community leadership
Motivating Factors
• Several high profile deaths at colleges and universities around the country
• College Alcohol Study receives national attention
• Data supports need for intervention
• Pressure from surrounding neighborhoods
• Fairly recent high profile alcohol-related injury on campus
Coalition Membership
CommunityLaw Enforcement (City and
County)
Prevention/Intervention Professionals
Parents
Retailers
Government Officials
Advocacy Groups
Neighborhood Representatives
High School Administrators
CampusSenior Administrators
Student Judicial Affairs
Substance Abuse Professionals
Students
Greek Affairs
Faculty
Housing Staff
Greek Advisors
Campus Law Enforcement
Coalition Philosophy
• Focus efforts toward reducing high-risk alcohol consumption across undergraduate population, with a special emphasis on the first and second year
• Recruited campus and community members representing a broad spectrum constituencies and perspectives
• View high-risk drinking as a shared responsibility• Utilize an inclusive process, student participation
essential• Adopt a comprehensive approach incorporating
both individual and environmental strategies
ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION
POLICY
Codifying community standards
Consistent consequences when community standards are violated
Increase skills, knowledge and awareness necessary to comply with community standards
20%
60%
20%
Always act ethically
Open to Influence
Never act ethicallySource:
Dr. Janice Lawrence, Associate Director of the Program in Business Ethics and Society, UNL
Data Driven Strategic Planning Process
• Data driven planning process-Behavioral, attitudinal and environmental scan
• Explored best practices and theoretical models from national AOD literature
• Organized four workgroups based on identified goals-policy and enforcement, social environment, neighborhood relations, and education
• Adopted a set of measurable objectives impacting individuals, the campus, the community and the state
• Workgroups charged with task of monitoring progress and revising when necessary
• Communications strategic plan developed to support coalition goals and objectives
Using the Power of Data
• Police Reports/GIS Maps• Student Self-Report Data• Neighborhood Complaints• Focus Groups• Market Trends• Student Retention Data• Last Drink Data• Anecdotes and Stories
Reported Location of Alcohol Consumption
Response to Campus Disruption
Policy:• Revised Campus Sanction Policy• Consistent Sanctioning Policy Applied to all Students• Revised University Approved Housing Agreement and Aggressively Enforced Penalties for Violation• Adopted Good Samaritan Policy
Enforcement:• Community Service Officer (CSO) Contract with Greek Living Units• Increased Professionalism for CSO Program• Enhanced Continuing Education and Training Program for UNLPD Officers• Turnover in UNLPD Leadership• Cooperative Agreement among Area Enforcement Agencies• Increased Sophistication in Technology
Education:• Implemented Research-Based, Developmentally Appropriate Alcohol Education• Conducting Research to Determine Appropriate Alcohol Education Response • Legal Liability Education for Greek Chapters• Increased Parent and New Student Education about Alcohol Policies in Residence
Halls and Greek Living Units
North Bottoms Neighborhood
Density of Party Complaints Near Campus
Response to Neighborhood Disruption
Policy:• Community alcohol violations adjudicated on campus
• Consequences for violating municipal ordinance
• Red Tag Policy
Enforcement:• Wild Party Patrol
• Landlord’s cited for Disorderly House
Education:• “We Agree” Campaign
• Lincoln Police Department website for landlords
Alcohol-Related Problems by Time of Day
Alcohol-Related Problems by Time of Day
Last Drink Data
Number of Admissions
Percent of Total Average BAC
Bar A 93 16% .169
Bar B 49 9% .183
Bar C 43 8% .160
Bar D 43 8% .160
Bar E 33 6% .159
Bar F 32 6% .169
Bar G 31 5% .181
Bar H 23 4% .165
Bar J 22 4% .163
Bar K 19 3% .179
Total (403)
388/569 69% .169
Response to Irresponsible Sale and Service
Policy:• Digital Driver’s License• Additional conditions attached to licenses in high dense areas• Bottle Club Ban• Special Designated Permit restriction on game day
Enforcement:• Special emphasis on sales to intoxicated• Increased tavern checks
Education:• Online Seller/Server Education Program• “Support your Server” Campaign• Birthday Bar Crawl Alternatives• www.NUtodo.com• Last Drink Data
Game Day
Response to Alcohol-Related Problems on Game Day
Policy:• Loss of season ticket for chronic problems
• Special Designated Licenses limited on game day
Enforcement:• Obvious violations prosecuted
• Intoxicated fans barred from entry into stadium or ejected
Education:• Tailgate Campaign e.g. mailing, parking lot promotions, signage
The Campus-Community Environment: What is Different?
• Student Involvement – Engaged through active coalition participation, project leadership, curricular assignments, research and early intervention with peers
• Education – Developmentally appropriate programs based on current research and best practices, increasing in intensity meeting the individual needs of students
• University Approved Housing – Living environments more conducive to sleep and study, decrease in vandalism and damage, fraternities no longer serve as on-campus party houses
• Policy and Enforcement – Behavioral expectations codified and communicated to students prior to arrival, consistent enforcement, timely consequences for policy violation
Campus-Community Environment: What is Different?
• Neighborhoods – Improved quality of life, significant decrease in wild party complaints, established collaboration with area colleges and universities
• Game Day Activities – Stadium alcohol policies clearly stated and enforced, meaningful consequences for all ticket holders who violate policy, tailgating activities no longer blatantly visible
• Downtown Entertainment District – Bars actively engaged in improving police relations, eliminating drink specials and high-risk promotions, training staff and using data to improve practices
Drinking Trend for All Students
t ype ofdr i nker no bi ngi ng bi ngi ng
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for Freshmen
t ype ofdr i nker non- bi nger bi nger
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for Seniors
t ype ofdr i nker non- bi nger bi nger
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for Student Who Live On-Campus
t ype ofdr i nker non- bi nger bi nger
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for Students Who Live Off-Campus
t ype ofdr i nker non- bi nger bi nger
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for Greek Members
t ype ofdr i nker non- bi nger s bi nger s
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for Non-Greek Members
t ype ofdr i nker non- bi nger s bi nger s
Per cent
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Year
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Drinking Trend for High School Students
High School Binge Drinking Rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1997 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007
All Students
Freshmen
Primary Harms
Primary Harms Caused by Drinking
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1997 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007
Do something later regretted
Argue with friends
Engage in uplanned sexualactivity
Damage property
Five or More Alcohol Related Problems
Five or More Alcohol Related ProblemsAll Students 1997 - 2007
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1997 1999 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007
Five or more harms
Suggested Reasons for NU Directions Success
• Coalition staff and members understood and appreciated community organizing and environmental management
• Coalition staff and members never wavered from the agreed upon purpose, “reduce high-risk drinking among college students”
• The focus remained on reaching consensus among stakeholders though meaningful dialogue
• Commitment to continuously scanning the environment for emerging trends and/or opportunities
• To accommodate the fluid environment, strategic plans remained flexible
• Coalition members took advantage of unanticipated opportunities to forward agenda
• Strategic use of communications critical to coalition success• Full utilization of resources available on campus and in the community• The coalition publicly celebrated positive change
Common Misperceptions
• Increased workload• Bad PR for the university or college• Alcohol can no longer be served at university
functions• Consensus is impossible among diverse
stakeholders• Good vs. Bad• One size fits all• Large budget necessary
Resources
• NIAAA Task Force Report – “A Call to Action: Changing the Culture of Drinking at U.S. Colleges”
• http://www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov/NIAAACollegeMaterials/TaskForce/TaskForce_TOC.aspx
• Harvard School of Public Health – College Alcohol Study and “A Matter of Degree” Program http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/cas/
• Experiences in Effective Prevention: The U.S. Department of Education’s Alcohol and Other Drug Prevention Models on College Campuses Grants http://www.higheredcenter.org/pubs/effective-prevention.pdf
• U.S. Department of Education’s Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention http://www.higheredcenter.org/
• NU Directions Campus/Community Coalition www.nudirections.org
Slide design © 2007, The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved.
Matt [email protected]
402/472-3755Linda Major
[email protected]/472-2454NU Directions
www.nudirections.org
