Eng 102BC ParallelIdeas Prepositions DanglingModifiers PronounAntecAgree

8/13/2019 Eng 102BC ParallelIdeas Prepositions DanglingModifiers PronounAntecAgree

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ENG 102BC

Chapter 9 Parallel IdeasChapter 31 PrepositionsChapter 12Dangling & Misplaced Modifiers


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BALANCE PARALLEL IDEASBalance parallel ideas in a series Children who study music also learn confidence,

discipline, and they are creative. Children who study music also learn confidence

discipline and creativity. Impressionist painters believed in focusing on

ordinary subjects, capturing the effects of light onthose subjects, and to use short brushstrokes.

Impressionist painters believed in focusing onordinary subjects capturing the effects of light onthose subjects and using short brushstrokes.


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BALANCE PARALLEL IDEASBalance parallel ideas presented as pairs Parallel ideas linked with coordinating

conjunctionsEmily Dickinsons poetry features the use ofdashes and capitalizing common words.Emily Dickinsons poetry features the use of

dashes and the capitalization of commonwords.


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BALANCE PARALLEL IDEASBalance parallel ideas presented as pairs Parallel ideas linked with correlative conjunctions Eitheror neithernor not onlybut also

bothand whetheror The clerk told me either to change my flight or take the

train. The clerk told me either to change my flight or to take

the train. Thomas Edison was not only a prolific inventor but also

was a successful entrepreneur. Omit was


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BALANCE PARALLEL IDEASRepeat function words to clarify parallels By, to, that, because

Our study revealed that left-handed students weremore likely to have trouble with classroom desksand rearranging desks for exam periods was useful.

Our study revealed that left-handed students weremore likely to have trouble with classroom desksand that rearranging desks for exam periods wasuseful.


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PREPOSITIONSConsult chart on page 290 At, by, for, from, in, of, on, to , with Can you end a sentence with a preposition?

Where are you at?Where are you?She displayed the good humor shes known for.She displayed the good humor for which she is

known. I want to know where he came from. I want to know from where he came.


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PREPOSITIONSShe is a person I cannot cope with.She is a person with whom I cannot cope.

If the restructured sentence sounds contrivedand unnatural, simply rewrite the sentence: It is behavior I will not put up with. It is behavior up with which I will not put. It is behavior I will not tolerate.


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ENG 102Misplaced & Dangling Modifiers


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MISPLACED DANGLING MODIFIERS Modifiers should point clearly to the words they

modify As a rule, related words should be kept

together


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PUT LIMITING MODIFIERS IN FRONT OF THEWORDS THEY MODIFY Limiting modifiers = only, even, almost, nearly, just These should appear in front of a verb only if theymodify the verbAt first, I couldnt even touch my toes, much lessgrasp them. If they limit the meaning of some other word in thesentence, they should be placed in front of thatword. The cathedral almost took six centuries tocomplete. The cathedral took almost six centuries tocomplete.


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PUT LIMITING MODIFIERS IN FRONT OF THEWORDS THEY MODIFY Limiting modifiers = only, even, almost, nearly, just These should appear in front of a verb only if theymodify the verbAt first, I couldnt even touch my toes, much lessgrasp them. If they limit the meaning of some other word in thesentence, they should be placed in front of thatword. The cathedral almost took six centuries tocomplete. The cathedral took almost six centuries tocomplete.


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PUT LIMITING MODIFIERS IN FRONT OF THEWORDS THEY MODIFY If you just interview chemistry majors your pictureof the student bodys response to the new gradingpolicies will be incomplete. If you interview just chemistry majors your pictureof the student bodys response to the new gradingpolicies will be incomplete. If you interview just chemistry majors your pictureof the student bodys response to the new grading

policies will be incomplete.


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PUT LIMITING MODIFIERS IN FRONT OF THEWORDS THEY MODIFY In the United States in 1860 not all black

southerners were not slaves. In the United States in 1860 all black

southerners were not slaves. In the United States in 1860 all black

southerners were not slaves.


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PLACE PHRASES AND CLAUSES SO THAT READERSCAN SEE AT A GLANCE WHAT THEY MODIFY

The soccer player returned to the clinic wherehe had undergone emergency surgery in 2004in a limousine sent by Adidas.

He had surgery in a limousine??? Traveling in a limousine sent by Adidas the

soccer player returned to the clinic where hehad undergone emergency surgery in 2004


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There are many pictures of comedians whohave performed at Gavins on the walls. The comedians are performing on the walls? On the walls are many pictures of comedianswho have performed at Gavins. The robber was described as a six-foot-tall man

with a heavy mustache weighing 170 pounds. Thats a heavy mustache The robber was described as a 170-pound six-foot-tall man with a heavy mustache.


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A squinting modifier leads to ambiguity The exchange students we met for coffee

occasionally questioned us about our latest slang. Did they meet occasionally? Or did the questioning

happen occasionally? The exchange students we occasionally met for

coffee questioned us about our latest slang. The exchange students we met for coffee

questioned us occasionally about our latest slang.


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MOVE AWKWARDLY PLACED MODIFIERS A sentence should flow from subject to verb toobject without lengthy detours along with way Hong Kong after more than 150 years of British

rule was transferred back to Chinese control in1997. After more than 150 years of British rule HongKong was transferred back to Chinese control in1997. After more than 150 years of British rule HongKong was transferred back to Chinese control in

1997.


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AVOID AWKWARD SPLIT INFINITIVES Infinitive = toplus base form of a verb (to think) Split infinitive = modifier between toand verb (tocarefully balance, to completely understand) When a long word or phrase appears between partsof the infinitive, result is usually awkward If possible the patient should try to avoid going upand down stairs. The patient should try to if possible avoid going upand down stairs. If possible the patient should try to avoid going up

and down stairs.


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GRAMMAR PORTFOLIO Write an unbalanced example of each parallel

rule (there are 4). Correct each. Restructure or rewrite five sentences that end

in a preposition. Make sure to include theoriginal sentence.

Create and illustrate 5 misplaced or danglingmodifiers


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FOR TUESD Y Analysis essays due

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Eng 102BC ParallelIdeas Prepositions DanglingModifiers PronounAntecAgree