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8/13/2019 Energy Management and Conservation 18-01-14
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Energy Management
and Conservation
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8/13/2019 Energy Management and Conservation 18-01-14
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Energy Forms
Primary Energy and Secondary Energy
Renewable and Non Renewable Energy
toe ( tonne of oil equivalent) = 10 X 10^6 Kcal
= 41870 MJ
= 11630 KWh
Commercial and Non Commercial Energy
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Global Primary Energy Consumption
By Energy Source
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Indian Energy Scenario
India’s Consumption is only 3.8 % of World
Consumption
Annual energy Consumption of India is 420.6
Mtoe
India’s Oil and gas reserves are estimated at
just 20 years and 36 years respectively. Coal
likely to last for 114 years
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Break Up of Installed Capacity in INDIA
PowerGeneration
Route
Capacity(MW)
%
Coal 85193 53
Gas 17056 11
Oil 1200 1.0
Hydro 36913 24
Nuclear 4560 3.0
Renewable 16429 8.0Total 161351 100
Data Updated till 31st May 2010
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Sector Wise Energy Consumption in
INDIA
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Energy Management
Strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy ,
using systems and procedures so as to reduce
energy requirements per unit of output while
holding constant or reducing the total cost of
producing the output from the systems.
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Objectives of Energy Management
To achieve and maintain optimum energy
procurement and utilization throughout the
organisation
To minimize energy costs / waste without
affecting production and quality
To minimize environmental effects
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Energy Audit
It means the verification , monitoring and
analysis of use of energy including submission
of technical reports containing
recommendations for improving energy
efficiencies with cost benefit analysis and an
action plan to reduce energy consumption.
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Energy Security
• Aim: Reduce dependency on the imported
energy sources for the economic growth of
India.
• Definition : The continuous availability of
energy in varied forms in sufficient quantity at
reasonable prices.
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Strategies to maintain future energy
requirements
Reducing energy Requirement Improving the efficiency of extracting fossil fuels
Improving fuel efficiency of coal fired fuel plants
Adopting Demand Side Management
Promotion of Public / mass Transport Developing renewable sources of energy like wind and
solar
Substituting Imported oil / gas with domesticalternatives Ethanol / Biodiesel as substitute for petrol or Diesel
Biomass Gasification for heat or Power ( alternative tocoal)
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• Diversifying energy supply sources.
– Mixing of fuel with no dependence on any
particular fuel
• Expanding energy resource and develop
alternative energy sources
– Recovery of oil & gas from abandoned andmarginal fields
– New Domestic Sources.
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Energy Conservation Act
Schemes:
• Energy Conservation Building Code ( Building :erection orpart of structure or erection which is having a connectedload of 100 KW or contract demand of 120 KVA and aboveand intended to be used for commercial purpose)
• Standards and Labelling
• Demand Side Management
• Bachat Lamp Yojana
• Promoting energy efficiency in small and medium scale
industries• Designated Consumers
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Tariff System
• Maximum Demand Charges
• Energy Charges
•
Power Factor Penalty or Bonus rates• Fuel Cost adjustment charges
• Meter Rentals
• Time of Day rates• Penalty for exceeding Contract Demand.
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Electrical Load management and
Maximum Demand Control
• Rescheduling of Large Electrical Loads.
• Storage of products / in process materials /
process utilities like refrigeration.
• Shedding off non essential loads
• Operation of captive generation and Diesel
Generator Sets.
• Reactive Power Compensation.
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Assessment of transmission & Distribution
( T&D) Losses in Power System
• Technical Losses
– Transformation Losses
– I2r losses
• Commercial Losses
– Illegal Consumption of Electrical energy which is
not correctly metered , billed and revenue
collected
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Normative Technical Losses Limit in
T&D network in Indian ContextSystem Component Loss Limit %
( Min.)
Loss Limit %
( Max.)
STEP-UP Transformer & EHV Transmission System 0.5 1.0
Transmission to Intermediate Voltage Level ,
transmission system & Step Down to sub Transmission
Voltage Level
1.5 3.0
Sub Transmission system & step Down to Distribution
Voltage Level
2.0 4.5
Distribution Lines and Service Condition 3.0 7.0
Total Losses 7.0 15.5
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Computation of AT & C LossesAT & C Losses = { 1 – (Billing Efficiency X Collection
Efficiency) } X 100
Where,
Total units sold , MU
Billing Efficiency % = X 100
Total input , MU
Revenue Collected , Rs.Collection efficiency % = X 100
Amount Billed, RsMU= Million Units
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Collection Efficiency : In a billing cycle , a
distribution utility issues bill against metered
energy and assessed energy. The ratio of
amount collected to total amount billed
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The estimation of AT & C Losses for a
sample area is shown belowSl.
No.
Description Annual
Data
1 Input Energy = ( Import – Export) , MU Ei 10
2a Energy Billed ( Metered) , MU E1 6
2b Energy Billed ( Un-Metered) , MU E2 12c Total Energy Billed (E1+E2) Eb 7
3 Amount Billed (Rs. Lakhs) Ab 400
4a Gross Amount Collected ( Rs. Lakhs) AG 410
4b Arrears Collected ( Rs. Lakhs) Ar 40
4c Amount Collected without arrears ( Rs. Lakhs) Ac = AG - Ar 370
5 Billing Efficiency ( BE) = Eb/ Ei * 100% 70%
6 Collection Efficiency (CE) = Ac/Ab * 100% 93%
7 AT & C Loss = {1-( BE*CE)}*100% 35%
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Measures to reduce Commercial
Losses
• Accurate Metering
• Installation of electronic Meters
•
Intensive Inspection• Eradication of Theft
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Thank You
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