Energy Machines and Motion

Underlying Themes of the ModuleDifferent forms of energy; how forces do work to change energy from one form to another; how machines reduce the force needed to do work; and how forces change the motion of objects

Energy Machines and MotionModule Implementation Course

Participant Objectives• Obtain a working knowledge of the conceptual sequence and structure

of the EMM module.

• Expand understanding of the concepts covered in the module.

• Gain proficiency in working with the materials in the EMM kit.

• Become familiar with the module's lessons.

• Experience a wide range of inquiries using authentic student inquiries.

• Build upon existing knowledge and expand knowledge off energy,machines, and motion.

• Develop strategies to successfully implement the module.

Day 1

Session 1 – Introduction and Overview of the program

Introduction to the kit, materials, role of science notebook, Pre-assessment

Session 2 – Lesson 1: Circuit of Inquiries

Session 3 – Energy: L2, 3* & 4

Session 4 – Forces: L5 & 6

Module Implementation CourseAgenda/Schedule

Day Two

Session 5 – Forces, Motors, and Work: L 7 & 8, 9*

Session 6 – Introduction to Machines: L 11

Session 7 – Machines Concluded: L12, 13, 14*, 15*

Session 8 – Introduction to Motion: 18

Module Implementation CourseAgenda/Schedule

Day Three

Session 9 – Motion continued: L 19

Session 10 – Motion concluded: L 20 & 21

Session 11 – Assessments in EMM: L 10, 16, 17

Using the Readers in EMM

Session 12 – Post Assessment, strategies for

implementing the module, concluding business,

Wrap-up and Evaluation

Module Implementation CourseAgenda/Schedule

Part 1 Energy

Lesson 1Circuit of Inquiries—A

PreassessmentStudents complete a circuit

of eight inquiries that introduce many of the concepts that they study during the module.

Lesson 2Making a Battery

Students:• Build a copper-zinc

electrode battery• Observe and

describe how the battery works

Concepts: Battery structure and function; supply of energy by a chemical reaction; limited “battery life”

Lesson 3Rechargeable Batteries

Students:• Test and use a

rechargeable battery to store energy

• Use the battery to power devices and determine the energy changes involved.

Concepts: Batteries can store energy; energy transformation; different devices use energy at different rates

Lesson 4Storing and Using Energy in a Battery

Students:• Investigate and graph

the relationship between battery charging time and energy storage

Concept: Recharging time

Lesson 5Introduction to Forces

Students:• Share ideas about forces• Use a spring scale to

measure elastic forces (when stretching a rubber band)

• Devise an inquiry to investigate the relationship between the weight and mass of an object.

Concepts: Forces as pushing or pulling; units of force (newtons); the difference and relationship between mass and weight

Lesson 6The Force of Friction

Students:• Observe and measure sliding friction by

dragging a wooden block over a variety of surfaces

• Measure the force of friction on loads with different weights and surface areas (in contact with a surface)

Concepts: Friction force; the relationship between friction and surface type

Lesson 7The Force Exerted by a Motor

Students

• Design and conduct an experiment to determine the operating conditions that facilitate maximum force from a motor.

Concepts: Battery arrangement and electric motor performance; forces exerted by electric motors

Lesson 8Work and the Motor

Students• Use force and distance

measurements to calculate work done by a motor

Concepts: Work as force x distance; units of work--joules and newton-meters

Lesson 9Power of a Motor

Students• Determine the power

of a motor powered by different numbers of batteries

Concepts: Power as work/time; units of power—watts; power as a measure of the rate at which energy transformations take place.

Lesson 10Assessing What You Know

Assessment for Part 1 of module consists of

• Performance assessment in which students analyze the energy transformations that occur when a mass attached to a motor by string falls.

• Written test composed of multiple choice and short answer questions.

Need Grabber photo for this lesson

Part 2Machines

Lesson 11The Inclined Plane

Students:

• Measure forces on a cart on an inclined plane

• Measure work on a cart on an inclined plane

• Compare the work done by lifting and raising the same load on an inclined plane

Concepts: Measuring work when lifting; using machines to reduce effort; effect of friction on work

Lesson 12The Pulley

Students:• Explore the use of

pulleys• Calculate the work

done by different pulley arrangements

Concept: A pulley as a machine

Lesson 13The Lever

Students:

• Construct a general rule for balancing levers

• Measure the force (and calculate the work) needed to lift objects using levers

Concepts: The lever as a machine; torque and balanced levers

Lesson 14The Mechanical Advantage of

Machines

Students:

• Calculate and compare the mechanical advantage (MA) of different machines and compare the calculated MA with the actual MA.

Concepts: Mechanical advantage (load force: effort force); effect of friction on mechanical advantage

Lesson 15The Efficiency of Machines

Students:• Calculate the

efficiency of inclined plane and pulley systems

Concepts: Efficiency (work output: work input)

Lesson 16Machines Assessment—A

Technological Design Challenge• Embedded performance

based assessment in which students are challenged to use a combination of a motor and a machine to lift a load. They are then expected to evaluate their design.

Part 3Motion

Lesson 17Introducing the Anchor Activity

Students:• Research a machine and

create a presentation describing its construction and how it works.

• Include information on its use of energy, the forces involved, and motion that occurs when the device operates.

Concepts: Brainstorming; technological solutions to everyday needs; research & development utilizing multiple resources; communication of ideas

Lesson 18Motion of a Fan Car

Students:• Use a battery powered

fan car to investigate the effect of a constant force on an object

Concepts: Speed; unbalanced forces; and acceleration

Lesson 19Motion of a Mousetrap Car

Students• Observe and measure

changes in the speed of a mousetrap-powered car

• Compare the behavior of a mousetrap car with that of a

• fan-powered car

Concepts: Speed; unbalanced forces; acceleration; conservation of energy in a closed system

Lessons 20-21The Roller Coaster and Motion

on a Roller Coaster

Students:

• Build a model roller coaster

• Predict, observe, and describe the motion of a model roller coaster car

• Measure the speed of a model roller coaster car

Concepts: Kinetic energy, potential energy (reviews a wide range of earlier concepts)

Lesson 22The Anchor Activity

• Final assessment for the module. Students present the research they began in Lesson 17.