1

Overview of Energy Supply in

Ireland

2

Key Reference Documents

•SEI 2005 E

ner

gy

in I

rela

nd 1

990-2

005 Sustainable Energy Ireland,

available online from

http://www.sei.ie

•DCMNR 2007 W

hite

Paper

: D

eliv

erin

g a

Sust

ain

able

Ener

gy

Futu

re

for

Irel

andGovernment of Ireland Departm

ent of Communications

Marine and Natural Resources, available online from

http://www.dcm

nr.ie

•DCMNR 2006 G

reen

Paper

: D

eliv

erin

g a

Sust

ain

able

Ener

gy

Futu

re

for

Irel

andGovernment of Ireland Departm

ent of Communications

Marine and Natural Resources, available online from

http://www.dcm

nr.ie

•DEHLG 2007 I

rela

nd N

ational C

lim

ate

Change

Str

ate

gy

2007-2

012

Government of Ireland DEpartm

entof Environment Heritage and

Local Government, available online from http://www.environ.ie

3

Outline

•References

•Energy Balance

•Security of Supply

•Energy Intensity

•National Energy Supply

•SectoralConsumption

•Electricity

4

Ireland Energy Balance 2006 in

Graphical Form

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

5

Outline

•References

•Energy Balance

•Security of Supply

•Energy Intensity

•National Energy Supply

•SectoralConsumption

•Electricity

6

Security of Supply

•An analysis of security of supply

considers how exposed a nation is to

the risk of not being able to m

eet its future energy requirem

ents.

•Among the factors to be considered are:

–Im

port dependency, as a nation has m

ore control over its indigenous

resources a low import dependency increases security of supply.

–Penetration of Renew

ables: In an era of uncertainty over fossil fuel stock

an increasing penetration of renew

ablesincreases security of supply.

–Diversity: A nation with a diverse m

ix of energy sources is less

exposed to

shock affecting any one energy source. This increases security of supply

7

Security of Supply

8

Outline

•References

•Energy Balance

•Security of Supply

•Energy Intensity

•National Energy Supply

•SectoralConsumption

•Electricity

9

Energy Intensity in Ireland 1990-2006

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

10

GDP and Energy Growth

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

11

Energy Intensity Questions

•Energy Intensity is calculated as energy per unit of output.

In national terms GDP is used as a measure of economic

output. GDP is adjusted for inflation.

•Irelands Energy Intensity has falledsteadily since 1990s.

Factors accounting for this include:

–Economic Growth leading to productivity improvem

ents

–Efficiency Improvem

ents in Energy Applications

–Structural Changes in industry (Move from Old style heavy

industry to light industry with lesser energy requirem

ent)

•Question: Has Electrical Energy intensity fallen as quickly

as primary energy intensity? Why?

12

Outline

•References

•Energy Balance

•Security of Supply

•Energy Intensity

•National Energy Supply

•SectoralConsumption

•Electricity

13

Primary Energy Trend by Fuel

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

14

Total Final Consumption by Fuel Type

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

15

Primary Energy By M

ode of

Application

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

16

Questions

•Which fuels are most important to each

mode of application?

•Can you find evidence of fuel switching in

the graphs?

17

Outline

•References

•Energy Balance

•Security of Supply

•Energy Intensity

•National Energy Supply

•SectoralConsumption

•Electricity

18

SectoralEnergy Trends

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

19

SectoralEnergy Trends Questions

•If necessary refer to the tabular data in Energy in

Ireland to answ

er these questions

•Which Sector’s energy requirem

ent has grown

most rapidly?

•Which Sector has grown least?

•What factors determine the energy growth rate in

each sector?

•Can energy requirem

ent be used as a measure of

activity in a sector?

20

Industry

21

Industry

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

005

22

Industry Continued

•Note: Industry in this sense refers primarily

to m

anufacturing but does include mining.

•What is meant by Industrial Energy

Intensity?

•What is the unit kgoe/€2003?

•Suggest Reasons Why Irelands industrial

energy intensity has fallen dramatically

since 1990

23

Transport Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

24

Transport Energy Dem

and by M

ode

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

005

25

Questions

•Which m

odes of transport have shown the

most rapid increase in energy dem

and?

Why?

•What is meant by “Fuel Tourism

”? Suggest

reasons for its rapid growth since 1995

26

Residential Energy Dem

and

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

27

Energy Per Dwelling

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

28

Residential Questions

•Total energy per dwelling has not increased

substantially since 1990 yet total residential

energy dem

and has grown substantially. Discuss.

•Give Reasons why Fossil Fuel Dem

and per

dwelling has fallen while electricity dem

and per

dwelling has risen

•Discuss the factors that affect the residential

energy dem

and fuel m

ix and the timescales

involved.

29

Commercial and Public Sector

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

005

30

Questions

•Commercial and Public Sector includes

Retail, Financial Services,

Telecommunications, Healthcare, Tourism

,

all Government Departm

ents and Agencies.

•What is the dominant form

of final energy

consumption in the commercial sector?

Why?

31

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary

Industry

The term

“industry”is sometim

es expanded to include all economic activities as

follows:

•Primary Industry: Produce Raw

Materials (eg

Agriculture / M

ining / Forestry)

•Secondary Industry: Manufacture Goods (egElectronics / Automobiles /

clothes)

•Tertiary Industry: Provide Services (eg

Banks, Transport, Tourism

, Healthcare)

•A common pattern is that a nations focus moves from primary to

secondary to tertiary industry as it becomes increasingly m

ore

economically developed.

–Where im

pact would this trend be expected to have on energy

requirem

ents?

–Can you find evidence of such a pattern from the preceding graphs of

energy consumption in Ireland?

32

Outline

•References

•Energy Balance

•Security of Supply

•Energy Intensity

•National Energy Supply

•SectoralConsumption

•Electricity

33

Focus on Electricity

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

34

Efficiency Of Electricity Supply

Source: SEI

Ener

gy

in I

rela

nd 2

000-2

006

35

Primary Fuel M

ix for Electricity Generation

36

Electricity Questions

•Relative Efficiency of fuels used for electricity

generation:

Renew

ables> Gas > Oil > Coal / Peat

•The im

provem

ents in the efficiency of electricity

in Ireland come from

–Increased use of Renew

ables

–Fuel switching

–Investm

ent in new

technology (Combined Cycle Gas

Turbines)