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Energyfrom
Fuelto
Conservation
By S. David Ross
For South Charlotte Middle School's
6th Grade Science Classes
Spring 2012
Qualifications
Building Design Project Engineer/Energy Conservation Engineer/Environmental Engineer for Baltimore County Government 1993-1996
Public Health/Environmental Engineer for Baltimore County Government 1988-1993 Mecklenburg County Government 1996-2010
Mechanical Engineering Degree The University of Maryland – College Park 1987
Computer Science Degree Towson State University 1993
CMS Volunteer “Learning Buddy” @ Elizabeth Lane Elementary School 2011-2012
Forms of Energy
Potential Energy – Energy that can be released.
Kinetic Energy – Energy in action.
Forms of Potential Energy
Wood/BioMassCoalNatural gasMethane gasOilsGarbageFecal matterAnimal bodies
Forms of Kinetic Energy
Wind Water Geothermal Solar
– Mechanical
– Electrical Nuclear Combustion
Combustion Converts Forms of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
Wood/BioMassCoalNatural gasMethane gasOilsGarbageFecal matterAnimal bodies
The Turbine
Beyond the Turbine
Beyond the Turbine
1. Combustion chamber – Heat source
2. Steam turbines
3. Magnetic rotation to electricity converter
4. Electricity converter from transmission to .household
How does the Turbine Turn?
Steam is generated and ducted/directed to the turbine. The steam hits the fins of the turbine, which turns the turbine.
How is the Steam Generated? Combustion (Burning a fuel)
Burning coal Burning oil Burning natural gas Burning wood Burning garbage
Natural heating/steaming Geothermal heating Solar heating Reheating
Let's take a second look at this stream generating plant...
This plant loses energy by allowing the heated steam to evaporate without first going through a heat exchanger to capture the heat and reuse it in the steam generating unit.
This is like boiling water in a pot at home. If you put the pot of water on a burner without a lid, the water eventually will boil. If a lid is on the pot, and the same heat is used, the water will boil much faster.
The Boiling Pot
PV = rTP = Pressure inside the pot
V = Volume of pot
r = A constant – forget about it.
T = Temperature
The volume remains constant; therefore, as the pressure increases, the temperature can decrease. Since this is an instantaneous effect, increasing pressure an keeping the temperature constant decrease the time until boiling.
Ramifications of Generation Combustion (Burning a fuel)
Carbon monoxide emissions Greenhouse gas emissions Ozone precursor emissions Particulate emissions Steam generation – surface water warming
Natural heating/steaming Steam generation
Conservation of Electricity Decrease light waste Insulate buildings Plant appropriate trees Program thermostats
Conservation of ElectricityLight Waste
What is Light Waste?
Light waste is the use of too much light in a room. This is caused by:
Leaving lights on when not in a room. Lighting extra areas of the room. Using too bright a light for a room.
Conservation of ElectricityInsulate Buildings
What is Insulation?
Insulation is when you keep it warm on one side and cool on the other. Buildings have insulation in the walls and the attic. How else can buildings be insulated?
Stop air from leaking around doors – storm doors help with this.
Stop air from leaking around windows.
Close windows and doors when using the heat or air conditioning.
Use blinds/shades on windows to allow warming light into the house in the Winter, and block the warming light in the Summer.
Plant trees to shade the building in the Summer, but lose their leaves in the Winter so the sun will warm it.
Conservation of EnergyPlant Appropriate Trees
What do trees have to do with energy conservation?
Trees block solar radiation (sun light) in the Summer – especially trees that have leaves. This keeps the house cooler.
Trees with leaves allow solar radiation to warm the house in the Winter.
Shrubs help to block solar radiation in the Summer, and help keep lower level of house insulated in the Winter.
Trees help reduce flooding by absorbing water in ground.
Conservation of ElectricityProgramming Thermostats
What is Programming Thermostats?
Programming thermostats is setting the controller of heaters/air conditioners to keep building temperatures comfortable. Your plants, pets, and furniture won't complain.
Keep artificial heat sources (lamps, heaters, air ducts) away from the thermostat so the temperature near the thermostat is representative of the whole house.
Allow buildings to be cold in the Winter (~55 F) and warm in the Summer (~85 F) when not occupied.
Allow buildings to be cold on Winter nights (~55 F) when blankets can keep you insulated.
Set heat/air conditioning to warm/cool the house starting thirty (30) minutes before someone gets home, and fifteen (15) minutes before the last person will leave home.
How many of you help to pay the heating (gas)
and electric bills?
Why should you care how much your parents
pay each month?
Offer to play Let's Make a Deal!!
You save money for your parents...
Your parents give you a “thank you” by increasing your
allowance!!!
Thank you...
Any questions?