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© OECD/IEA 2014
Energy balances across organisations
Roberta Quadrelli IEA Energy Data Centre
2015 Interenerstat meeting IEA, Paris, September 2015
© OECD/IEA 2015
« …An accounting framework for compilation of data on all energy products entering, exiting and used within the national territory of a given country during a reference period. »
Source: International Recommendations on Energy Statistics, UNSD, 2011
The importance of energy balances: bringing all pieces of information together
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IRES Energy balance: key features
Scope: Territory boundary Product boundary (SIEC) Flow boundary (energy flows – Ch. 5)
Frequency: Reference period (annual)
Common unit: Energy (Joule)
Energy content: Based on Net Calorific Value Physical content
Matrix: Flows x Products Variable level of aggregation
Flows: 3-block structure (+ stat. diff. + non-energy)
Products: + “Total” + “renewables”
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How does an IRES energy balance look like?
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A quick comparison of energy balances across organisations
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They are all in matrix format …
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Supply
Transformation
Final consumption
…with a similar three-block structure
Rows present energy flows across the various products
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High-level IRES principles are generally met across organisations
APEC Eurostat IEA OLADE UNSD
Territory
Products SIEC
Energy flows definitions
3-block structure
Non-energy split
Net basis
Unit Joules ktoe ktoe BOE TJ
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Several layout differences – not substantial
Examples include (not exhaustive):
Different units / terminology
Different aggregation (based on data availability) - Limited disaggregation in consumption sectors (OLADE) - Some differences -e.g.Fishing aggregated with Agriculture (UNSD) - Peat products not split (all)
Transformation - Negative input and positive output in one row (IEA, UNSD, OLADE) - Input and output in two different rows (Eurostat) - Include gas separation for NGLs (UNSD)
Treatment of hydro/wind/solar - Primary, transformed into electricity (IEA, OLADE, APEC) or transferred (Eurostat) - Only show total electricity (UNSD)
…
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And more significant differences in figures may depend on…
International bunkers treatment, affecting definition of supply and consumption: - Marine and aviation subtracted from supply (APEC, IEA, UNSD) - Aviation included in transport (Eurostat) - Both marine and aviation included in transport (OLADE)
Boundaries - E.g. “Unused” energy included in balance (OLADE): “amount of
energy not being used due to feasibility”
Choice of calorific values - by product / flow / time / country
…
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For discussion
The need for organisations to better understand how energy balances compare to each other and to IRES recommendations
A simple agreed documentation on differences may be beneficial also to users of data – to be published online
