Endocrine Disease Review Notes

7/25/2019 Endocrine Disease Review Notes

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Endocrine Disease

Studying Endocrine Disease often feels overwhelming to nursing students. The key to

mastering this body system is to know the hormones, and to remember that the endocrine

diseases come in pairs. There is one set of symptoms for hyper function, which is when too

muchhormone is secreted. Then there is an opposite set of symptoms for hypo function,

when not enoughhormone is secreted.

The Pituitary Gland is called the master gland of the body because it sends out hormones to

target organs, telling them to start secreting the target organs hormone. !ost of the names of

these hormones contain the word stimulating. That will remind you that their function is to turn

on production and secretion of hormones in the receptor gland, thus making that gland do its "ob

in the body.

The Posterior Pituitary secretes only two hormones# $ntidiuretic %$D&' and ()ytocin. $ll other

pituitary hormones are secreted by the $nterior Pituitary Gland. The $nterior Pituitary hormones

are the ones that have a stimulating effect on the receptor glands.

$ great way to study Endocrine diseases is to start with two columns# one for hyper function

and one for hypo function. (n the side of your columns, write out each receptor gland %i.e.

pancreas, thyroid, etc'. Then start filling out your chart by listing the symptoms, treatment, and

nursing care for each gland when it is hyper and hypo function. $lso make sure to write out any

emergency situations that can arise from too much %or too little' secretion of a hormone %i.e.

Thyroid storm, $ddisonian *risis'.

(nce you get it all organi+ed in a chart, youll see how easy it can be to learn Endocrine

disorders. $nd youll start to notice the patterns of symptoms in each pair of disorders, which

will make it easier to remember on test day

-f you want some more practice in understanding Endocrine disorders, make sure you also

review the Endocrine *ase Studies Study Guide. ere not posting the answers, though,

because after you study Endocrine diseases this way, youll be smart enough to figure out the

*ase Study answers on your own &ave fun


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Q&A Endocrine Study GuideUse this simple Q&A page over the endocrine system to test your knowledge

and prepare for up comming tests. Feel free to print, copy, share, and use this

study guide in any way!

Remember: Adrenal H" function # addisons$ Adrenal H%

function#'ushings$ (hyroid H% function#)raves

(he *iggest tip + can give with learning endocrine -"s is to focus on the

pituitary hormones. hat does each hormone do/ "nce you know this you can

0uickly determine what the results of H% or H" function will *e. ie. . .

A'(H stimulates adrenal corte1 to release cortisol. hat does cortisol do/ think

increased )2U'"3%, decreased +44U5+(, decreased +5F2A44A(+"5. 3o, with

H% function of the Adrenals we will have even more glucose, less immunity,and less in6ammation. . . what would someone like this look like/ (his

is Cushings. (he opposite will lead to Addisons. 3o think of how each gland

interrelates, then simply think of what each hormone does. From there it

*ecomes much easier to 7gure out what the resulting assessment 7ndings will

uncover.

H"4 "5 % )2 A5 U5 % " U'( +"5 35 "4 % "8% " U'( +"5 3 5 "4 %

)H anteriorpituitary

acromegaly

AH posteriorpituitary

dia*etes insipidus 3+AH

(9,(: thyroid my1edema coma graves

(H parathyroid hyperparathyroid hypoparathyroid

glucocorticoids$cortisol

adrenal addisons cushings

+nsulin pancreas dia*etes mellitus


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hat are the two parts of the pituitary gland/

anterior and posterior

5ame the ; mathyroid stimulating hormone?, A'(H

@adrenocorticotropic hormone?, F3H, 2H, rolactin

hat hormones are produced and released *y the thyroid/

(9, (:, (hyrocalcitonin

hat is the purpose of (9 and (:/

regulate meta*olism hat role does the pituitary play in meta*olism/

production and release of (3H when stimulated *y the

hypothalamus.

hat does thyrocalcitonon do/

lowers *lood calcium *y inhi*iting *one resorption

hat does the parathyroid do/

produce (H >parathyroid hormone? which raises *lood 'a levels

here are the adrenal glands located/

on top of the kidneys

hat are the two endocrine tissues within the adrenal glands/

adrenal medula and adrenal corte1

5ame the two ma


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glucocorticoids$ cortisol

adrenal se1 hormones$ androgens & estrogen

hat does cortisol do and how/

increase *lood glucose *y stimulating gluconeogensis, decrease

in6ammatory response, decrease immune response 5ame 9 types of cells in the pancreas-where are they located/

Alpha, eta, elta . . . islets of 2angerhans

hat does each cell type secrete and what is the purpose/

Alpha . . . glucagon . . . increase glucose via gluconeogensis

eta . . . insulin . . . regulate protein, fat, and car*ohydrate

meta*olism

elta . . . somatostatin . . . inhi*itory hormone

hat hormones will *e aBected with anterior pituitary dysfunction/

A'(H, )H, 2H, F3H, 2, (3H hat assessment 7ndings are common in anterior hypopituitarism/

mainly aBects thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal function. Atrophy of all

endocrine glands, hair loss, impotence, amenorrhea, hypoglycemia

Anterior hyperpituitarism often results in altered A'(H or )H secretionC

what assessment 7ndings will you see with hyper secretion of these

hormones/

coarse features, thick heel pads, thick tongue, decreased li*ido,

amenhorrhea, impotence, acromegaly

hat hormone is undersecreted with ia*etes +nsipidus/ hat gland is

aBected/

AH >vasopressin? from the posterior pituitary

hy does dia*etes insipidus result in e1cess urine production/

AH promotes resorption of 6uid in distal tu*ules.

ithout resorption massive amounts of urine are e1creted.

ith 3+AH what is the result of over secretion of AH/

e1cessive water conservation

3+AH and dia*etes insipidus are the result of a malfunction of what

endocrine gland/

posterior pituitary

Hyperthyroidism is also known as/

)raves isease

hat is the main function of the thyroid/

meta*olism


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hat are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism >)raves?

responsiveness to catecholimes

increase meta*olism

increased heat

weight change

increased appetite

insomnia

nervousness

*ruit heard over thyroid

warm, sweaty skin

e1opthalmus

goiter

increase systolic

tremor hat can cause thyroid storm/

uncontrolled hyperthyroid, surgery, infection

5ame D immediate interventions for a client e1periencing thyroid storm$

admin (ylenol, provide cooling *lanket

hy should you 5%8% admin aspirin to a client in thyroid storm/

in can increase thyroid hormone levels

hat will *e the eBect of 'a levels with hyperthyroidism/

hypocalcemia

hat will *e the eBect of 'a levels with hypothyroidism/

hypercalcemia due to a decrease in (hyrocalcitonin

hat are the common assessment 7nding with hypothyroidism/

lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, 'HF, dry skin, rady,

constipation, weight gain

hat is the cause of my1edema coma/

persistently low thyroid production

hat assessment 7ndings would you see with my1edema coma/

hypotension, hypotermia, hypoglycemia, *rady

hat will *e the eBect on serum 'a levels in hyperparathyroid/

increased 'a and *one demineraliEation

hat are common assessment 7ndings of hyperparathyroidism/

fatigue, wt loss, fractures, H(5,


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chvotsek and (rousseaus

hat is a % sign of hypoparathyroidism and why/

carpopedal spams indicate neuromuscular irrita*ility G sign of

decreased 'a levels

hat are the classic signs of adrenal hyperfunction/ *uBalo hump, moon face, fatigue, muscle weakness, hyperglycemia

hat is the cause of hyperglycemia in adrenal hyperfunction/

adrenal corte1 secrets cortisol which increases *lood glucose *y

stimulating gluconeogensis

hat is adrenal hyperfunction called/

'ushings 3yndrome

hat is adrenal hypofunction called/

Addisons isease

5ame the symptoms of Addisons disease$ hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, )+ distur*ances, hyperpigmentation

due to decreased secretion of cortisol

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Endocrine Disease Review Notes