Hypothalamus

Hypophysis

Epiphysis

Central regulatory formations

Thyroid gland

Gonads

Cortex of adrenal gland(zona fasciculata, reticularis)

Dependent of adenohypophysis

Parathyroid glands

Independent of adenohypophysis

Neural origin

(System APUD)

Other origin

Solitary endocrine cells

Endocrine system

Gonads

Placenta

Islets of Langerhans Kidney

Myocardium Thymus

Merkel’s corpuscules

Indepondent of adenohypophysis

Organs that have mixed function

Peripheral endocrine glands

Dependent of adenohypophysis

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

• acts on the tubules of nephron in the kidney and provides the reabsorption of the 99% of water from the primary urine;

• increases blood pressure by promoting the contraction of smooth muscles in small arteries and arterioles

Oxytocin

• causes the contraction of uterine smooth muscle during copulation and delivery;

• causes the contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the secretory alveoli and alveolar ducts of the breast at time of the breast-feeding;

• causes the contraction of the myoepithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules of testis at time of orgasm and ejaculation.

Chromophils

А. Acidophils

• somatotrophs – somatotropin (growth hormone, GH)

• lactotrophs - prolactin (mammotropin)

B. Basophils

• thyrotrophs - thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

• gonadotrophs - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

- luteinizing hormone (LH)

• adrenocorticotrophs – adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Chromophobes

• cambial reserve

• chromophils at rest

• old cells

• supporting cells

Name of the hormone

Action in the human body

Somatotropin (growth hormone, GH)

Provides the growth of all tissues practically

Prolactin (mammotropin) Stimulates the growth of the mammary glands and secretion of the milk

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine (tetraiodthyronine, T4) and triiodthyronine (T3)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce glucocorticoids and gonadocorticoids

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

(FSH)

• provides the ovulation

• provides the secretion of the female sex hormones in ovaries and testosterone in testis

• stimulates the growth of the follicles in ovaries

• stimulates the spermatogenesis