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Endangered S p ecies. By: Chuan Tran. SBI4U 2009. http://www.wellroundedkids.com/store/Accessories/endangered%20Species%20Floor%20Puzzle.jpg. Intro. Human beings have recklessly exploited the Earth’s resources despite the apparent negative consequences - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Endangered SEndangered Sppeciesecies
By: Chuan TranBy: Chuan Tran SBI4U 2009
http://www.wellroundedkids.com/store/Accessories/endangered%20Species%20Floor%20Puzzle.jpg
IntroIntro
Human beings have recklessly exploited the Human beings have recklessly exploited the Earth’s resources despite the apparent Earth’s resources despite the apparent negative consequencesnegative consequences
These consequences have lead scientists to These consequences have lead scientists to believe that Earth has entered a new believe that Earth has entered a new “extinction phase”“extinction phase”
The current rate of species extinction is The current rate of species extinction is between 50 and 1000 times more than the geo-between 50 and 1000 times more than the geo-historical normhistorical norm
Species that are at immediate risk of extinction Species that are at immediate risk of extinction are also known as endangered speciesare also known as endangered species
Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species Those at immediate risk of extinctionThose at immediate risk of extinction
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Factors Factors
Factors that contribute to the decrease in populations Factors that contribute to the decrease in populations are:are:
Habitat lossHabitat loss Example: Humans cutting down forests for buildingsExample: Humans cutting down forests for buildings
PollutionPollution Example: contaminants released into the environmentExample: contaminants released into the environment
Introduced speciesIntroduced species Example: captivityExample: captivity
OverexploitationOverexploitation Example: huntingExample: hunting
Facing ExtinctionFacing Extinction
1/3 of amphibians1/3 of amphibians 1/8 of birds1/8 of birds 1/4 of mammals1/4 of mammals And more than 8000 plants and algae And more than 8000 plants and algae
species are facing extinctionspecies are facing extinction
What Are We DoingWhat Are We Doing
International and U.S. laws offer protection to the International and U.S. laws offer protection to the endangered speciesendangered species
These laws make it a crime to:These laws make it a crime to: Capture the speciesCapture the species Kill the speciesKill the species Fail to act to recover themFail to act to recover them Harm their habitatHarm their habitat
Endangered Species ActEndangered Species Act IUCN – International Union for Conservation of NatureIUCN – International Union for Conservation of Nature CITES - Convention on International Trade in CITES - Convention on International Trade in
Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
Endangered Species ActEndangered Species Act
The endangered species act provides for The endangered species act provides for the conservation of endangered or the conservation of endangered or threatened species throughout all or most threatened species throughout all or most of their range and the ecosystem they of their range and the ecosystem they depend ondepend on
IUCN – International Union for IUCN – International Union for Conservation of NatureConservation of Nature
IUCN is a world conservation unionIUCN is a world conservation union It maintains a record, called the red list, It maintains a record, called the red list,
of the world’s species that are threatened of the world’s species that are threatened with extinctionwith extinction
The red list includes over 16 000 speciesThe red list includes over 16 000 species
CITES - Convention on International Trade in CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
This is an agreement signed by more This is an agreement signed by more than 160 countries to restrict trade of than 160 countries to restrict trade of more than 30 000 species of plants and more than 30 000 species of plants and animals, live or dead.animals, live or dead.
Example: Marmosets and IvoryExample: Marmosets and Ivory
Our PlansOur Plans
Plans are developed to aid in the recovery of Plans are developed to aid in the recovery of the speciesthe species
Recovery programs that can take place in the Recovery programs that can take place in the natural or outside the range of a species natural or outside the range of a species include:include: Habitat restorationHabitat restoration Captive breeding effortsCaptive breeding efforts Assisted reproductive effortsAssisted reproductive efforts Or field research into behaviour, reproduction and Or field research into behaviour, reproduction and
biological or ecology studybiological or ecology study
Recovery ProgramsRecovery Programs
The major functions of the recovery programs The major functions of the recovery programs are to:are to:
Identify the most important actions needed to Identify the most important actions needed to save the species from extinctionsave the species from extinction
Identify major players in the recovery effortIdentify major players in the recovery effort And collaborate and coordinate objectives to And collaborate and coordinate objectives to
speed the recovery processspeed the recovery process
Endangered SpeciesEndangered Species
An example of an endangered species is An example of an endangered species is planktonplankton
http://interactive.usc.edu/members/rosenblj/archives/plankton.jpg
PlanktonPlankton
Plankton is a term for species of microorganisms that Plankton is a term for species of microorganisms that drift in open waterdrift in open water
They are generally about 1/1000They are generally about 1/1000thth of a mm of a mm They are the most abundant form of life in the oceanThey are the most abundant form of life in the ocean There are two types of planktonThere are two types of plankton
PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton ZooplanktonZooplankton
PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton
Phytoplankton make their own food through the Phytoplankton make their own food through the process of photosynthesisprocess of photosynthesis
Phytoplankton remove carbon dioxide from sea Phytoplankton remove carbon dioxide from sea water and release oxygenwater and release oxygen
Populations of phytoplankton in the northern Populations of phytoplankton in the northern oceans have declined by as much as 30% oceans have declined by as much as 30% since 1980since 1980
Phytoplankton are the first link in the food Phytoplankton are the first link in the food chainchain
They are an important part of ocean lifeThey are an important part of ocean life
ZooplanktonZooplankton
Zooplankton feed on phytoplanktonZooplankton feed on phytoplankton Zooplankton are a food source to Zooplankton are a food source to
countless animalscountless animals As a result, plankton make up the base of As a result, plankton make up the base of
the aquatic food chainthe aquatic food chain These tiny organisms sustain all life in These tiny organisms sustain all life in
the oceanthe ocean
FactsFacts
All other marine life is dependent upon All other marine life is dependent upon planktonplankton
The abundance of marine life is directly related The abundance of marine life is directly related to the supply of phytoplanktonto the supply of phytoplankton
They are a vital part of all food websThey are a vital part of all food webs Phytoplankton are the world’s number one Phytoplankton are the world’s number one
source of oxygensource of oxygen Phytoplankton produces about 90% of all Phytoplankton produces about 90% of all
photosynthetic processes on Earthphotosynthetic processes on Earth
Theories for declinationTheories for declination
Global warmingGlobal warming COCO22 emissions emissions
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https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/kjoboyle/www/images/global-warming-porn.jpg
Global WarmingGlobal Warming
Global warming is an increase in average temperature of Earth’s Global warming is an increase in average temperature of Earth’s atmosphereatmosphere
Global warming is the main cause of decreasing phytoplanktonGlobal warming is the main cause of decreasing phytoplankton Phytoplankton require nutrients from the bottom of the ocean in Phytoplankton require nutrients from the bottom of the ocean in
order to reproduceorder to reproduce At the Earth’s poles the ocean water is colder at the surface than it At the Earth’s poles the ocean water is colder at the surface than it
is belowis below The cold water sinks to the bottom and the warmer water below The cold water sinks to the bottom and the warmer water below
rises to the top, bringing nutrients with itrises to the top, bringing nutrients with it Because of the climate changes the water from the top is warmer Because of the climate changes the water from the top is warmer
and therefore less water from below will riseand therefore less water from below will rise This means less nutrients will be available for the planktonThis means less nutrients will be available for the plankton As a result, the reproduction of phytoplankton is hinderedAs a result, the reproduction of phytoplankton is hindered
COCO22 emissions emissions
Carbon dioxide emissions also causes the decrease in Carbon dioxide emissions also causes the decrease in planktonplankton
Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceanCarbon dioxide is absorbed by the ocean Recent years, the ocean’s capacity has not been able Recent years, the ocean’s capacity has not been able
to keep up with the amount of carbon dioxide levels to keep up with the amount of carbon dioxide levels from human outputfrom human output
The carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean turns into The carbon dioxide absorbed by the ocean turns into carbonic acidcarbonic acid
This lowers the pH of the oceanThis lowers the pH of the ocean The decrease in pH is corrosive to the sea animals that The decrease in pH is corrosive to the sea animals that
form shellsform shells One of these animals include zooplanktonOne of these animals include zooplankton
EffectEffect
Because plankton are a vital part of all food webs, the decrease in Because plankton are a vital part of all food webs, the decrease in plankton will cause the food web to collapse plankton will cause the food web to collapse
For example: Seals feed on fish, and fish feed on plankton, if For example: Seals feed on fish, and fish feed on plankton, if plankton population decreases the affected species will die from plankton population decreases the affected species will die from hungerhunger
Therefore if population decreases ocean life will be threatenedTherefore if population decreases ocean life will be threatened Humans are also affected because many cultures also depend on Humans are also affected because many cultures also depend on
food from the seafood from the sea The sea-air exchange will be affected and will cause an impact on The sea-air exchange will be affected and will cause an impact on
our living conditions because of reduced oxygenour living conditions because of reduced oxygen Also, since the ocean absorbs additional carbon dioxide from the Also, since the ocean absorbs additional carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, if the population of plankton decreased, atmospheric atmosphere, if the population of plankton decreased, atmospheric carbon dioxide would increasecarbon dioxide would increase
This would increase global warming even moreThis would increase global warming even more
ConclusionConclusion
Plankton are become closer and closer to Plankton are become closer and closer to extinction as we speakextinction as we speak
This needs to be stopped and reversed This needs to be stopped and reversed as soon as possibleas soon as possible
If not, the human race may face the If not, the human race may face the ultimate consequenceultimate consequence
Work CitedWork Cited
Alois, P., & Cheng, V. (2007, July). Keystone Species Extinction Overview. In Alois, P., & Cheng, V. (2007, July). Keystone Species Extinction Overview. In World's Biggest ProblemsWorld's Biggest Problems. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from . Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://www.arlingtoninstitute.org/wbp/species-extinction/443#http://www.arlingtoninstitute.org/wbp/species-extinction/443#
Endangered Species Act (ESA). (n.d.). Endangered Species Act (ESA). (n.d.). Office of Protected ResourcesOffice of Protected Resources. . Retrieved December 13, 2009, from http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/Retrieved December 13, 2009, from http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/laws/esa/
Endangered Species Science. (n.d.). Endangered Species Science. (n.d.). Conservation and ScienceConservation and Science. Retrieved . Retrieved December 13, 2009, from December 13, 2009, from http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/EndangeredSpecies/defahttp://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/EndangeredSpecies/default.cfmult.cfm
How Do Phytoplankton Control The Carbon Cycle? (2003, January 27). How Do Phytoplankton Control The Carbon Cycle? (2003, January 27). The The Wild Blue WonderWild Blue Wonder. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from . Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/seawifs/carbon2.htmhttp://kids.earth.nasa.gov/seawifs/carbon2.htm
The Who? What? Where? How? and Why's? of Plankton. (n.d.). The Who? What? Where? How? and Why's? of Plankton. (n.d.). Protect Protect Oceanography: Ocean DriftersOceanography: Ocean Drifters. Retrieved December 12, 2009, from . Retrieved December 12, 2009, from http://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/f97/plank_1.pdfhttp://www.marine.usf.edu/pjocean/packets/f97/plank_1.pdf