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18th World Energy Congress21-25 October, 2001

Buenos Aires - Argentina

Energy and Climate Change:

The Challenges of the Kyoto Protocol and Prospects for Africa

Dr Youba SOKONA

ENDA-TM

54 Rue Carnot, Dakar, SENEGAL

Tel.: 221-8225983/8222496; Fax: 221-8217595

Email: ysokona@enda.sn; www.enda.sn/energie

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CONTEXT AND OPPORTUNITIES

Diverse Energy Resources Huge Unmet Demands for Modern Fuels & Electricity Much of Future Infrastructure not yet Designed of

Built Few Established Energy System to Protect or to

Absorb into New Strategies Regional Cooperation and Market Reform in Progress Scarcity in Abundance

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ENERGY CHALLENGES

Development of Fossil Fuel Sources Role and Place of Renewable Energy Meeting Growing Urban Needs Widening Rural Energy Access Regional Co-operation and Trade Energy–Environment–Development Nexus

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CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES

Very Low GHG Emissions in Short and Mid-terms Wide Range of Technological Choices Particular Vulnerability to Adverse Impacts of Climate

Change Heavily Dependant on Natural Resources (Biomass for

Energy) Integrating Local and Global Environmental Issues Revisit Development Strategies from New Perspective

(Sustainable Development)

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THE KYOTO PROTOCOL CALLS FOR

A Move Toward Low Carbon Intensive Systems New Forms of North-South Co-operation (CDM) New and Additional Financial Assistance for

DCs Climate Friendly Technology Transfer Capacity Building Increase Resilience of DCs to Cope with

Adverse Impacts of Climate Change

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THE BASIC TRADE-OFFS FOR AFRICA

How to Establish and Expand Energy Systems which are: Socially Equitable Economically Viable Environmentally Sound and Institutionally Coherent

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KYOTO-BUENOS AIRES & THE BONN AGREEMENT?

A Landmark for the Kyoto Process Compromise Between Conflicting Wide Range

of Interests Significant Achievement from Emission

Trading perspectives and CDM in Particular A First Step in a Complex Long Term Issue

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CDM IN BONN AGREEMENT CONTEXT

The Size of the Market will be much Smaller than Projected

Small Demand for CDM Projects Concentration of Projects in few Countries with

Adequate Infrastructure Limited Opportunity for Low and Mid-Income

DCs to Participate to the Game

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TO CONCLUDE

Energy & CC Equation in Africa is a Headache and the Prospects for Adequate Solution will Depend on: Political Will Successful Outcome of COP7 and Subsequent

Negotiations Real Capacity Building and Capacity Retention Technology Transfer Financial Resources