Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
Slide 1 of 37
37-3 The Respiratory System
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 2 of 37
What Is Respiration?
What Is Respiration?
In biology, respiration means two different things.
1. Cellular respiration = when cells release energy from the breakdown of food in the presence of oxygen.
2. respiration = the process of gas exchange (carbon dioxide out / oxygen in)
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 3 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
The Human Respiratory System
The basic function of the human respiratory system is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, the air, and tissues.
In addition, air entering the respiratory system is warmed, moistened, and filtered before it enters the lungs.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 4 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
The respiratory system consists of the:
• nose (& mouth)
• pharynx
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
•bronchioles
• alveoli of lungs
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 5 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
Epiglottis
Trachea
Nose Pharynx
Larynx
Lungs
Bronchus
Mouth
Diaphragm
Bronchioles
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 6 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
Air enters the nose or mouth and moves to the pharynx, or throat.
The pharynx serves as a passageway for both air and food.
Nose Pharynx
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 7 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
Air moves from the pharynx into the trachea, or windpipe.
The epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow.
Epiglottis Trachea
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 8 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
At the top of the trachea is the larynx, which contains two elastic folds of tissue called vocal cords.
Larynx
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 9 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
Air then passes through the trachea into two large passageways in the chest cavity called bronchi.
Each bronchus leads into one of the lungs.
Lungs
Bronchus
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 10 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
In each lung, the bronchus subdivides into smaller bronchi, and then into bronchioles.
Bronchioles
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 11 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
Bronchioles subdivide into millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli.
Alveoli are grouped in grape-like clusters.
Alveoli
Bronchiole
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 12 of 37
The Human Respiratory System
A network of capillaries surrounds each alveolus.
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries
Pulmonary artery
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 13 of 37
Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
Oxygen diffuses into the blood.
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood.
Capillary
O2
CO2
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 14 of 37
Breathing
Breathing
Breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs.
The force that drives air into the lungs comes from air pressure.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 15 of 37
Breathing
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and the rib cage rises up.
This expands the volume of the chest cavity, creating a vacuum.
Atmospheric pressure fills the lungs as air rushes into the breathing passages.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
37-3 The Respiratory System
Slide 16 of 37
Breathing
Often exhaling is a passive event.
The rib cage lowers & the diaphragm relaxes, pushing air out of the lungs.
Exhalation
Rib cage lowers
Air Exhaled
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
Slide 17 of 37
37-3
Air passes through the trachea into two large passageways in the chest cavity known as the
a. bronchi.
b. alveoli.
c. epiglottis.
d. bronchioles.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
Slide 18 of 37
37-3
The function of the cilia lining the respiratory surfaces is to
a. improve the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the lungs.
b. cover the opening of the trachea when you swallow.
c. move air in and out of the lungs.
d. sweep trapped particles and mucus away from the lungs.
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
End Show
Slide 19 of 37
37-3
Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus into the blood because
a. blood entering the capillaries of the lungs is oxygen-poor.
b. blood entering the capillaries of the lungs is oxygen-rich.
c. air entering the lungs has more carbon dioxide than oxygen.
d. air entering the lungs has less oxygen than is found in the blood.
