Encode:Encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human

genome

over 400 scientists — over 200 million dollars

over 50 publications in 2012 and since

a huge amount of data

but the interpretation ?

Repetitive Elements

Repetitive Elements

Repetitive Elements

Repetitive Elements

Repetitive Elements

TE’s - SINEs

Alu’s are ∼285bp long. They were anciently derived from an7SL-RNA gene in some common ancestor of primates. Theycontain no protein coding regions but do have an internal polIIIpromoter (as does 7SL-RNA).

Copies bp Genome

Alu 1,090,000 290,100,000 10.60%

TE’s - History of Human element activity

TE’s - SINEs

Copies bp Genome

Alu 1,090,000 290,100,000 10.60%MIR 393,000 60,100,000 2.20%MIR3 75,000 9,300,000 0.34%

SINEs 1,558,000 359,600,000 13.14%