Encyclopedia of Decision Making and Decision Support TechnologiesFrdric AdamUniversity College Cork, IrelandPatrick HumphreysLondon School of Economics and Political Science, UKHershey New YorkI nformatI on ScI ence referenceVolume IA-ImAcquisitions Editor: Kristin KlingerDevelopment Editor: Kristin RothSenior Managing Editor: Jennifer NeidigManaging Editor: Sara ReedAssistant Managing Editor: Carole Coulson,Copy Editor: Joy Langel, Jeannie Porter, Holly J. Powell, Shanelle RamelbTypesetter: Lindsay Bergman, Carole CoulsonCover Design: Lisa TosheffPrinted at: Yurchak Printing Inc.Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global)701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200Hershey PA 17033Tel: 717-533-8845Fax: 717-533-8661E-mail: cust@igi-global.comWeb site: http://www.igi-global.com/referenceand in the United Kingdom byInformation Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global)3 Henrietta StreetCovent GardenLondon WC2E 8LUTel: 44 20 7240 0856Fax: 44 20 7379 0609Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.comCopyright 2008 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.Product or company names used in this set are for identifcation purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataEncyclopedia of decision making and decision support technologies / Frederic Adam and Patrick Humphreys, editors. p. cm. Summary: "This book presents a critical mass of research on the most up-to-date research on human and computer support of managerial decision mak-ing, including discussion on support of operational, tactical, and strategic decisions, human vs. computer system support structure, individual and group decision making, and multi-criteria decision making"--Provided by publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-843-7 ISBN-13: 978-1-59904-844-4 1. Decision support systems. 2. Decision making--Encyclopedias. 3. Decision making--Data processing. I. Adam, Frdric. II. Humphreys, Patrick. HD30.213.E527 2008 658.4'03--dc22 2007047369British Cataloguing in Publication DataA Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.All work contributed to this encyclopedia set is original material. The views expressed in this encyclopedia set are those of the authors, but not neces-sarily of the publisher.If a library purchased a print copy of this publication, please go to http://www.igi-global.com/agreement for information on activating the library's complimentary electronic access to this publication.This encyclopedia is dedicated in memory of Ward Edwards and Oleg Larichev, two great pioneers of our disciplineEditorial Advisory BoardDavid ArnottMonash University, Australia Frada BursteinMonash University, AustraliaSven CarlssonLund University, SwedenGeorgios DoukidisAthens University of Economics and Business, GreeceEleanor DoyleUniversity College Cork, IrelandPeter GelleriBudapest University of Technology and Economics, HungaryZita PaprikaCorvinus University of Budapest, HungaryDavid ParadiceFlorida State University, USAJean-Charles PomerolUniversity Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), FranceDan PowerUniversity of Northern Iowa, USADSS Resources.comDavid Arnott (Monash university, Australia).Frada Burstein (Monash University, Australia).Sven Carlson (University of Lund, Sweden).Georgios Doukidis (University of Athens, Greece).Eleanor Doyle (University College Cork, Ireland).Peter Gelleri (Budapest Univ. of Tech and Economics, Hungary)Zita Paprika (Corvinus University Budapest, Hungary)David Paradice (Florida State University, USA)Jean-Charles Pomerol (University Paris 6, France)List of ContributorsAdam, Frdric / University College Cork, Ireland .............................................................426, 922, 930, 950Aickelin, Uwe / University of Nottingham, UK ....................................................................................554, 645Angulo Meza, Lidia / Federal Fluminense University, Brazil .....................................................................709Antunes, Luis / GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ..........................................................716Ashikhmin, Ilya / Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork, Ireland ....................514Averweg, Udo Richard / eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ...........218Balsa, Joo / GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ..............................................................716Barbosa Diniz, Viviane / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.......................................................184Beuschel, Werner / Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany .............................................. 116Beynon, Malcolm J. / Cardiff University, UK ........................................................76, 278, 382, 743, 751, 783Bittmann, Ran M. / Graduate School of Business Administration Bar-Ilan University, Israel ...................296Borges, Marcos R. S. / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..................................................184, 434Brena, Ramon / Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico ..............................489Brzillon, Patrick / University Paris 6, France & Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ............102, 426Brown, Rex / George Mason University, USA ..............................................................................................141Bruha, Ivan / McMaster University, Canada ...............................................................................................176Burstein, F. / Monash University, Australia..................................................................................................638Butler, Tom / University College Cork, Ireland ...........................................................................................466Cans, Jos H. / Technical University of Valencia, Spain ............................................................................184Captivo, Maria Eugnia / Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal .......................................................................53Carlsson, Sven A. / Lund University, Sweden.........................................................................................38, 848Carton, Fergal / University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................443Casado Lumbreras, Cristina / Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain .............................................482Celia, Helen / University of Leeds, UK .........................................................................................................645Cervantes, Francisco / Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ....................................455, 680Chakraborty, Chandana / Montclair State University, USA ........................................................................29Chen, Qiyang / Montclair State University, USA .................................................................................124, 236Chen, Zhen / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ..........................................................................253, 958Chesevar, Carlos / Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina ....................................................................489Chugunov, N. / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ..............................732Churilov, Leonid / Monash University, Australia ................................................................................245, 496Clegg, Chris / University of Leeds, UK ........................................................................................................645Clmaco, Joo Carlos Namorado / Coimbra University, Portugal & INESC Coimbra, Portugal ...........53, 709Coelho, Helder / GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ........................................................716Coffey, Seamus / University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................402Colomo Palacios, Ricardo / Universidad Carlos III, Spain ...................................................................46, 482Cowie, J. / University of Stirling, UK ...........................................................................................................638Crichton, Susan / University of Calgary, Canada........................................................................................865Cski, Csaba / University College Cork, Ireland .........................................................................................653Cunningham, Joe / University College Cork, Ireland .................................................................................356Dargam, Ftima C.C. / SimTech Simulation Technology Graz, Austria & ILTC, Instituto Doris Aragon Rio de Janiero, Brazil ....................................................................................................................374Davis, Robert A. / Texas State University San Marcos, USA ....................................................................286DeLuca, Dorrie / University of Delaware, USA ...........................................................................................790Deokar, Amit V. / Dakota State University, USA ...................................................................................61, 272Dolgui, A. / Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France .....................................155, 165Donati, A. / ESA/ESOC, Germany ................................................................................................................391Doyle, Liam / Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland .............................................................................814El-Gayar, Omar F. / Dakota State University, USA ...............................................................................61, 272Elfvengren, Kalle / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland .........................................................822Fernandes, Srgio / Instituto Politcnico de Setbal, Portugal .....................................................................53Findlay, John / Zing Technologies, Australia ...............................................................................................856Finnegan, Pat / University College Cork, Ireland ........................................................................................882Fitzgerald, Robert / University of Canberra, Australia ...............................................................................856Forgionne, Guisseppi / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ...........320, 329, 455, 680, 892, 939Furems, Eugenia / Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ............................................................................514Gachet, Alexandre / University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ...........................................................................93Garca Crespo, ngel / Universidad Carlos III, Spain ..................................................................................46Garca de la Cerda, Osvaldo / Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile ...................................................612Gawinecki, Maciej / Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland .....................798Gelbard, Roy M. / Graduate School of Business Administration Bar-Ilan University, Israel ..................296Gelman, Ovsei / Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ...............................................455, 680Gomes, Jos Orlando / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .................................................184, 434Gmez Berbs, Juan Miguel / Universidad Carlos III, Spain ...............................................................46, 482Grundstein, Michel / Dauphine University, France ....................................................................................584Gudes, Ori / Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel .............................................................................969Guschinskaya, O. / Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France ................................155Guschinsky, N. / United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus ...................................................155, 165 Han, Jung Hoon / University of Queensland, Australia ...............................................................................691Handzic, Meliha / Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina .........................134Hayes, Jeremy / University College Cork, Ireland .......................................................................................882Holsapple, C. W. / University of Kentucky, USA ..........................................................................................837Hong, Ju / Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China ..................................................958Humphreys, Patrick / London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................148, 225Iafrate, Fernando / Euro Disney SCA, France ............................................................................................584ndio dos Reis, Marcelo / Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .....................................................434Januszewski, Arkadiusz / University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ...................1, 628Jones, James D. / Center for Advanced Intelligent Sytems, Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA .................................................................................576, 593Kale, Hrishikesh S. / K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, India.............................539Khan, Khaled M. / Qatar University, Qatar ................................................................................................ 211Kivijrvi, Hannu / Helsinki School of Economics, Finland .................................................................200, 822Klein, Michel R. / Information Systems and Decision Science, HEC School of Management, France .......565Kortelainen, Samuli / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ....................................................822Kouamou, G. / National High School of Engineering, Cameroon ...............................................................368Lee, Sang Ho / Hanbat National University, South Korea ...........................................................................691Levin, G. / United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus .............................................................155, 165Li, Aihua / Montclair State University, USA ................................................................................................410Li, Heng / The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China ...................................................................253, 958Lin, Chad / Curtin University of Technology, Australia ...............................................................................807Lin, Koong / Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ......................................................................807Lu, June / University of Houston Victoria, USA ........................................................................................236Lumsden, Joanna / National Research Council of Canada, Canada ..........................................................618Madritsch, Thomas / University for Applied Sciences, Kufstein Tirol, Austria & University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria ......................................................................84May, Michael / University of Applied Sciences, FHTW, Germany .................................................................84McAvoy, John / University College Cork, Ireland .......................................................................................466McElroy, Todd / Appalachian State University, USA...................................................................................757Meredith, Rob / Monash University, Australia ............................................................................................474Mora, Manuel / Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico ...........................................320, 455, 680Morantz, Brad / Science Applications International Corporation, USA .....................................................661Mustamil, Norizah / Curtin University of Technology, Australia ................................................................313Neiger, Dina / Monash University, Australia ........................................................................................245, 496Niezette, M. / VEGA IT, Germany .................................................................................................................391Nunes, I. L. / Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal .....................................................................................528ODonnell, Peter / Monash University, Australia ........................................................................................474Ochoa, Sergio F. / Universidad de Chile, Chile .............................................................................................69Orellana Muermann, Renato / CIGAR Ltda., Chile ...................................................................................612Ostermann, Herwig / University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria .........84Ouyang, Huanyu / The Peoples Hospital of Jiangxi Provence, China .........................................................29Pankowska, Malgorzata / Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland ......................798Paradice, David / Florida State University, USA .................................................................................192, 286Pendegraft, Norman / University of Idaho, USA .........................................................................................306Pereira, R. Marques / Universit degli Studi di Trento, Italy ......................................................................391Peters, Georg / Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany ..............................................................901Petrovsky, Alexey / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ................... 418, 514Pettang, C. / National High School of Engineering, Cameroon ...................................................................368Phillips-Wren, Gloria E. / Loyola College in Maryland, USA ............................................................320, 505Piirainen, Kalle / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ............................................................822Pino, Jos A. / Universidad de Chile, Chile ....................................................................................................69Pomerol, Jean-Charles / Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ...................................102, 426, 922, 930Power, Bernadette / University College Cork, Ireland ................................................................................766Power, Daniel J. / University of Northern Iowa, USA ..................................................................................232Quaddus, Mohammed / Curtin University of Technology, Australia ..........................................................313Rahimi, Shahram / Southern Illinois University, USA ................................................................................798Respcio, Ana / Operations Research Center/GUESS/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal ..........................716Ribeiro, R. A. / UNINOVA CA3, Portugal .........................................................................................391, 528Rine, David C. / George Mason University, USA .........................................................................................339Rosenthal-Sabroux, Camille / Dauphine University, France......................................................................584Rounds, Mark / University of Idaho, USA ...................................................................................................306Russell, Stephen / University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ...........................................329, 892, 939Ryan, Geraldine / University College Cork, Ireland ....................................................................402, 724, 776Sammon, David / University College Cork, Ireland ....................................................................348, 910, 916Saygin, Omur / Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey ..................................................................................699Scheuerer, Stephan / Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Technologies for the Logistics Service Industries ATL, Germany ...................................................................................................604Schlueter Langdon, Chris / Center for Telecom Management, University of Southern California, USA ...668Serra, P. / UNINOVA CA3, Portugal..........................................................................................................391Shepelyov, G. / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ..............................732Shinnick, Edward / University College Cork, Ireland .........................................................................724, 776Siebers, Peer-Olaf / University of Nottingham, UK .............................................................................554, 645Soares de Mello, Joo Carlos / Federal Fluminense University, Brazil......................................................709Sprague, Ralph / University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ................................................................................93Stanek, Stanislaw / Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland .................................798Staudinger, Roland / University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria ..........84Steel, R. / VEGA IT, Germany .......................................................................................................................391Sternin, Michael / Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia .................514, 732Strand, Mattias / University of Skvde, Sweden ..........................................................................................848Sun, Szu-Li / The University of Reading, UK ...............................................................................................253Tuominen, Markku / Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland .............................................200, 822Valacich, Joseph S. / Washington State University, USA .............................................................................790Vasant, Pandian / Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia ........................................................................539Wang, Dajin / Montclair State University, USA ...........................................................................................410Wang, John / Montclair State University, USA ......................................................................29, 124, 236, 410Whalen, Thomas / Georgia State University, USA ......................................................................................661Wood, Margaret W. / George Mason University, USA ................................................................................339Woodworth, Simon / University College Cork, Ireland ...............................................................................356Xu, Qian / Liverpool John Moores University, UK ..............................................................................253, 958Yaniv, Hanan / University of Calgary, Canada ....................................................................................865, 872Yao, James / Montclair State University, USA ......................................................................................124, 236Yigitcanlar, Tan / Queensland University of Technology, Australia ............................................691, 699, 969Zarat, Pascale / Universit de Toulouse INPT IRIT, France ................................................................109Zhang, G. Peter / Georgia State University, USA ........................................................................................661Zoltay Paprika, Zita / Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary ...............................................................20Contentsby VolumeVOLUME I Activity-Based Costing System for a Small Manufacturing Company: A Case Study / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland .............................. 1Analysis and Intuition in Strategic Decision Making: The Case of California / Zita Zoltay Paprika, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary ..................................................................... 20Analytic Hierarchy Process: Structuring, Measurement, and Synthesis, The / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Chandana Chakraborty, Montclair State University, USA; and Huanyu Ouyang, The Peoples Hospital of Jianxi Provence, China .......................................................... 29 Attention-Based View on DSS, An / Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden ............................................ 38Balanced Scorecard Concepts, Technology, and Applications / Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; and ngel Garca Crespo, Universidad Carlos III, Spain ................................................................................. 46 Bi-Criteria DSS Dedicated to Location Problems, A / Maria Eugnia Captivo, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; and Srgio Fernandes, Instituto Politcnico de Setbal, Portugal .................................................................... 53Business Process Management Systems for Supporting Individual and Group Decision Making / Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA and Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA ............ 61Challenges for Decision Support in Urban Disaster Scenarios / Sergio F. Ochoa, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Jos A. Pino, Universidad de Chile, Chile ........................................................................................ 69 Classifcation and Ranking Belief Simplex / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ............................... 76Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) as a New Branch of Decision Making Technologies Support in the Field of Facility Management / Thomas Madritsch, University forApplied Sciences Kufstein Tirol, Austria, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; Michael May, University of Applied Sciences, FHTW, Germany; Herwig Ostermann, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; and Roland Staudinger, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria ........................................................................ 84Context in Decision Support Systems Development / Alexandre Gachet, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA and Ralph Sprague, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA .......................................................... 93Contextualization in Decision Making and Decision Support / Patrick Brzillon, University Paris 6, France & Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France .................................................................................................................................... 102Cooperative Decision Support Systems / Pascale Zarat, Universit de Toulouse INPT IRIT, France ....... 109Dashboards for Management / Werner Beuschel, Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany ....... 116Data Warehousing for Decision Support / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; and Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA.................................. 124Debiasing Decision Makers Through Knowledge Management / Meliha Handzic, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina .......................................................................................... 134 Decision Aiding Research Needs / Rex Brown, George Mason University, USA ............................................ 141Decision Hedgehog: Group Communication and Decision Support, The / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ............................................................................... 148Decision Making and Support Tools for Design of Machining Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; O. Guschinskaya, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus .................................................................... 155Decision-Making and Support Tools for Design of Transmission Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus .................................... 165Decision Making by a Multiple-Rule Classifer: The Role of Rule Qualities / Ivan Bruha, McMaster University, Canada .......................................................................................................................................... 176Decision Making Support in Emergency Response / Viviane Barbosa Diniz, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos H. Cans, Technical University of Valencia, Spain ........................................................................................................................... 184Decision Support and Problem Formulation Activity / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA ....... 192Decision Support System for Evaluation of Investments in a Computer-Integrated Production System, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland and Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ................................................................................................................... 200Decision Support System for Selecting Secure Web Services, A / Khaled M. Khan, Qatar University, Qatar ................................................................................................................................................................ 211Decision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes / Udo Richard Averweg, eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ........................................................................ 218Decision Support Systems and Representation Levels in the Decision Spine / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ............................................................................... 225Decision Support Systems Concept / Daniel J. Power, University of Northern Iowa, USA............................ 232Development and Design Methodologies in DWM / James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA; and June Lu, University of Houston Victoria, USA ............................................................................................. 236Diagrammatic Decision-Support Modeling Tools in the Context of Supply Chain Management / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia .................. 245Disaster-Oriented Assessment of Urban Clusters for Locating Production Systems in China, The / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; and Szu-Li Sun, The University of Reading, UK ......... 253Distributed Model Management: Current Status and Future Directions / Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA and Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA ..................................................... 272DS/AHP / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ................................................................................... 278DSS and Multiple Perspectives of Complex Problems / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA and Robert A. Davis, Texas State University San Marcos, USA ................................................................... 286DSS Using Visualization of Multi-Algorithms Voting / Ran M. Bittmann, Gradutate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel and Roy M. Gelbard, Graduate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel ................................................................................................................................................................ 296Dynamic System Simulation for Decision Support / Norman Pendegraft, University of Idaho, USA and Mark Rounds, University of Idaho, USA................................................................................................... 306Ethical Decision Making: A Critical Assessment and an Integrated Model / Norizah Mustamil, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Mohammed Quaddus, Curtin University of Technology, Australia ........................................................................................................................................................... 313Evaluation of Decision-Making Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA; Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; and Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ............................................................................................. 320Evaluation of Decision-Making Support Systems Functionality, The / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA .................................................................................................................................... 329Exploring the Risks That Affect Community College Decision Makers / Margaret W. Wood, George Mason University, USA and David C. Rine, George Mason University, USA ................................................. 339Extended Model of Decision Making: A Devils Advocate Workshop, An / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ...................................................................................................................................... 348Facilitation of Supply Chain Decision Processes in SMEs, Using Information Systems / Simon Woodworth, University College Cork, Ireland and Joe Cunningham, University College Cork, Ireland ....... 356Federative Approach of Decision-Making Aid in Urban Development, A / G. Kouamou, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon and C. Pettang, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon ......... 368Finite-Base Revision Supporting Knowledge Management and Decision Making / Ftima C.C. Dargam, SimTech Simulation Technology Graz, Austria & ILTC, Instituto Doris Aragon Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .......... 374Fuzzy Decision Trees / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK .............................................................. 382Fuzzy Thermal Alarm System for Venus Express / P. Serra, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. Marques Pereira, Universit degli Studi di Trento, Italy; R. Steel, VEGA IT, Germany; M. Niezette, VEGA IT, Germany; and A. Donati, ESA / ESOC, Germany ....... 391Games of Strategy / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Seamus Coffey, University College Cork, Ireland ..................................................................................................................... 402Goal Programming and Its Variants / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Dajin Wang, Montclair State University, USA; and Aihua Li, Montclair State University, USA ......................................... 410Group Verbal Decision Analysis / Alexey Petrovsky, Insitute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ........................................................................................................................... 418How Groupware Systems Can Change How an Organisation Makes Decisions: A Case Study in the Publishing Industry / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland; Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France; and Patrick Brzillon, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France .............................................................................................................................................................. 426Identifying Resilient Actions in Decision Making During Emergencies / Marcelo ndio dos Reis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ............................................ 434Impact on Decsion Making of Centralisation in a Multi-National Manfacturing Company: The Materials Purchasing Function, The / Fergal Carton, University College Cork, Ireland ........................ 443Implementation of Large-Scale Decision-Making Support Systems: Problems, Findings, and Challenges, The / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico .......... 455VOLUME IIIneffective Decision Making in Adopting an Agile Software Development Methodology / John McAvoy, University College Cork, Ireland and Tom Butler, University College Cork, Ireland ..................................... 466Infuence Diagrams as a Tool for Decision Support System Design / Peter ODonnell, Monash University, Australia and Rob Meredith, Monash University, Australia ......................................................... 474Infuence of Emotions in Making Hard Decisions in Organizational Contexts, The / Cristina Casado Lumbreras, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; and Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ........ 482Information Distribution Decisions Supported by Argumentation / Ramon Brena, Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico and Carlos Chesevar, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina .......................................................................................................................................................... 489Integration of Diagrammatic Business Modeling Tools / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia ....................................................................................... 496Intelligent Agents in Decision Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA................................................................................................................................................. 505Intelligent DSS Under Verbal Decision Analysis / Ilya Ashikhmin, Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork, Ireland; Eugenia Furems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Alexey Petrovsky, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ........................................................... 514Interfaces Usability for Monitoring Systems / R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal and I. L. Nunes, Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal .............................................................................................................. 528Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Linear Programming / Pandian Vasant, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia and Hrishikesh S. Kale, K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, India ................................................................................................................................................................. 539Introduction to Multi-Agent Simulation / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK and Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK .................................................................................................. 554Knowledge Based DSS / Michel R. Klein, Information Systems and Decision Science, HEC School of Management, France ....................................................................................................................................... 565Knowledge Representation to Empower Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems, Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA .......... 576Knowledge Worker Desktop Model (KWDM) Applied to Decision Support System, A / Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Dauphine University, France; Michel Grundstein, Dauphine University, France; and Fernando Iafrate, Euro Disney SCA, France ........................................................................................... 584Logic Programming Languages for Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems,Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA............................. 593Metaheuristics: Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Optimization Problems / Stephan Scheuerer, Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Technologies for the Logistics Service Industries ATL, Germany ........................................................................................................................................................... 604Metasystemic Re-Engineering: An Organizational Intervention / Osvaldo Garca de la Cerda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile and Renato Orellana Muermann, CIGAR Ltda., Chile .................. 612Method for Systematic Artifact Selection Decision Making, A / Joanna Lumsden, National Research Council of Canada, Canada ............................................................................................................................ 618Method of Appraising Needs and Possibilities of Activity-Based Costing Implementation, The / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland .......................... 628Mobile Decision Support for Time-Critical Decision Making / F. Burstein, Monash University, Australia and J. Cowie, University of Stirling, UK ........................................................................................ 638Multi-Agent Simulation and Management Practices / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK; Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK; Helen Celia, University of Leeds, UK; and Chris Clegg, University of Leeds, UK ................................................................................................................................... 645Mythical Decision Maker: Models of Roles in Decision Making, The / Csaba Cski, University College Cork, Ireland .................................................................................................................................................... 653Neural Network Time Series Forecasting Using Recency Weighting / Brad Morantz, Science Applications International Corporation, USA; Thomas Whalen, Georgia State University, USA; and G. Peter Zhang, Georgia State University, USA ......................................................................................................................... 661Next Generation Analytics and Dynamic Decision Support: AutoMarketSIM and Vehicle Sales Decay Navigation / Chris Schlueter Langdon, Center for Telecom Management,University of Southern California, USA ................................................................................................................................................ 668On Frameworks and Architectures for Intelligent Decision-Making Support Systems / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ...................................................... 680Online Environmental Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Jung Hoon Han, University of Queensland, Australia; and Sang Ho Lee, Hanbat National University, South Korea ................................................................................................................................... 691Online Urban Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Omur Saygin, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey ................................................................................. 699Performance Measurement: From DEA to MOLP / Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University, Portugal & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; Joo Carlos Soares de Mello, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil; and Lidia Angulo Meza, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil ........................................................ 709Policy Decision Support Through Social Simulation / Luis Antunes, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Ana Respcio, Operations Research Center/GUESS/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Balsa, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; and Helder Coelho, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, .................................................................................... 716Power of Incentives in Decision Making, The / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland........................................................................................ 724Probabilistic Methods for Uncertainty Quantifcation / N. Chugunov,Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; G. Shepelyov, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ............................................................................................................................................... 732PROMETHEE / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ......................................................................... 743Qualitative Comparative Analysis / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ........................................... 751Rational Decision Making, Dual Processes, and Framing: Current Thoughts and Perspectives / Todd McElroy, Appalachian State University, USA ......................................................................................... 757Real Options Reasoning as a Tool for Managerial Decision Making / Bernadette Power, University College Cork, Ireland ..................................................................................................................... 766Role of Information in Decision Making, The / Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland and Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland .................................................................................. 776Rough Set Theory / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK .................................................................... 783Situational Synchronicity for Decision Support / Dorrie DeLuca, University of Delaware, USA and Joseph S. Valacich, Washington State University, USA ................................................................................... 790Software Agents / Stanislaw Stanek, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; Maciej Gawinecki, Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Malgorzata Pankowska, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; and Shahram Rahimi, Southern Illinois University, USA .................................................................................................................... 798Study of Information Requirement Determination Process of an Executive Information System, A / Chad Lin, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Koong Lin, Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ............................................................................................................................................... 807Supply Chain Information Systems and Decision Support / Liam Doyle, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland .......................................................................................................................................... 814Support System for the Strategic Scenario Process, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland; Kalle Piirainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Samuli Kortelainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; and Kalle Elfvengren, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland .................... 822Supporting Decisional Episodes / C. W. Holsapple, University of Kentucky, USA ......................................... 837Syndicate Date Suppliers: Their Business Environment, the Industry, and Their Core Business Process / Mattias Strand, University of Skvde, Sweden and Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden ........ 848Team Learning Systems as a Collaborative Technology for Rapid Knowledge Creation / Robert Fitzgerald, University of Canberra, Australia and John Findlay, Zing Techologies, Australia ...................... 856ThinkClick: A Case Study of a Large Group Decision Supporrt System (LGDSS) / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada and Susan Crichton, University of Calgary, Canada .................................... 865ThinkTeam: GDSS Methodology and Technology as a Collaborative Learning Task / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada ........................................................................................................................ 872Towards a Framework for Assisting Decision-Makers Assess the Potential of E-Business Models / Pat Finnegan, University College Cork, Ireland and Jeremy Hayes, University College Cork, Ireland ........ 882Unambiguous Goal Seeking Through Mathematical Modeling / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA .......... 892Uncertainty and Vagueness Concepts in Decision Making / Georg Peters, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany ............................................................................................................................. 901Understanding Non-Decision Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ........................... 910Understanding Sense-Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ....................................... 916Understanding the Infuence of Context on Organisational Decision Making / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ........ 922Understanding the Legacy of Herbert Simon to Decision Support Systems / Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ................ 930Use of Simulation as an Experimental Methodology for DMSS Research, The / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA .................................................................................................................................... 939Using Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ...................................................................................................................................... 950Web-Based Decision Support for Knowledge Sharing and Management in Intelligence Buildings Assessment / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Ju Hong, Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; and Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK ............................................................................................ 958Web-Based Public Participatory GIS / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Ori Gudes, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel ........................................................................... 969Contentsby KeywordActivity-Based Costing Implementation Method of Appraising Needs and Possibilities of Activity-Based Costing Implementation, The / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland ..........................628Activity-Based Costing SystemsActivity-Based Costing System for a Small Manufacturing Company: A Case Study / Arkadiusz Januszewski, University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz, Poland .............................. 1Adoption DecisionsIneffective Decision Making in Adopting an Agile Software Development Methodology / John McAvoy, University College Cork, Ireland and Tom Butler, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................466AHP / Multi-CriteriaAnalytic Hierarchy Process: Structuring, Measurement, and Synthesis, The / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Chandana Chakraborty, Montclair State University, USA; and Huanyu Ouyang, The Peoples Hospital of Jianxi Provence, China ..........................................................29Attention-Based ViewAttention-Based View on DSS, An / Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden ............................................38Balance ScorecardBalanced Scorecard Concepts, Technology, and Applications / Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III, Spain; and ngel Garca Crespo, Universidad Carlos III, Spain .................................................................................46Business Intelligence AnalyticsNext Generation Analytics and Dynamic Decision Support: AutoMarketSIM and Vehicle Sales Decay Navigation / Chris Schlueter Langdon, Center for Telecom Management,University of Southern California, USA ................................................................................................................................................668Business Process Management SystemsBusiness Process Management Systems for Supporting Individual and Group Decision Making / Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA and Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA ............61CaRBSClassifcation and Ranking Belief Simplex / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...............................76Centralisation of Decision MakingImpact on Decsion Making of Centralisation in a Multi-National Manfacturing Company: The Materials Purchasing Function, The / Fergal Carton, University College Cork, Ireland ........................434Classifcation of DSSDecision Support Systems Concept / Daniel J. Power, University of Northern Iowa, USA............................232CLEHESMetasystemic Re-Engineering: An Organizational Intervention / Osvaldo Garca de la Cerda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile and Renato Orellana Muermann, CIGAR Ltda., Chile ..................612CollaborationTeam Learning Systems as a Collaborative Technology for Rapid Knowledge Creation / Robert Fitzgerald, University of Canberra, Australia and John Findlay, Zing Techologies, Australia ......................856Collaborative Decision MakingCooperative Decision Support Systems / Pascale Zarat, Universit de Toulouse INPT IRIT, France .......109Complex Decision MakingDSS and Multiple Perspectives of Complex Problems / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA and Robert A. Davis, Texas State University San Marcos, USA ...................................................................286Context in Decision MakingUnderstanding the Infuence of Context on Organisational Decision Making / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ........922Contextualization for Decision MakingContextualization in Decision Making and Decision Support / Patrick Brzillon, University Paris 6, France & Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ....................................................................................................................................102Data WarehousingData Warehousing for Decision Support / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; and Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA..................................124Data Warehousing Design and DevelopmentDevelopment and Design Methodologies in DWM / James Yao, Montclair State University, USA; John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Qiyang Chen, Montclair State University, USA; and June Lu, University of Houston Victoria, USA .............................................................................................236Debiasing and Decision Making Debiasing Decision Makers Through Knowledge Management / Meliha Handzic, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, Bosnia and Herzegovina ..........................................................................................134Decision MakersMythical Decision Maker: Models of Roles in Decision Making, The / Csaba Cski, University College Cork, Ireland ....................................................................................................................................................653Decision Making and Decision Support ConceptsDecision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes / Udo Richard Averweg, eThekwini Municipality and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ........................................................................218Decision Making Support System EvaluationEvaluation of Decision Making Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA, Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico, and Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA .......................................................320Decisional EpisodesSupporting Decisional Episodes / C. W. Holsapple, University of Kentucky, USA .........................................837Decision-HedgehogDecision Hedgehog: Group Communication and Decision Support, The / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................................................................148Diagramming for Supply Chain ManagementIntegration of Diagrammatic Business Modeling Tools / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia .......................................................................................496Diagramming for Supply Chain ManagementDiagrammatic Decision-Support Modeling Tools in the Context of Supply Chain Management / Dina Neiger, Monash University, Australia and Leonid Churilov, Monash University, Australia ..................245Digital DashboardsDashboards for Management / Werner Beuschel, Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany .......116Distributed Model ManagementDistributed Model Management: Current Status and Future Directions / Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University, USA and Amit V. Deokar, Dakota State University, USA .....................................................272DS / AHPDS/AHP / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...................................................................................278DSS DevelopmentContext in Decision Support Systems Development / Alexandre Gachet, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA and Ralph Sprague, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA ..........................................................93EmergencyDecision Making Support in Emergency Response / Viviane Barbosa Diniz, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos H. Cans, Technical University of Valencia, Spain ...........................................................................................................................184Emergency ManagementChallenges for Decision Support in Urban Disaster Scenarios / Sergio F. Ochoa, Universidad de Chile, Chile and Jos A. Pino, Universidad de Chile, Chile ........................................................................................69Emergency ResponseIdentifying Resilient Actions in Decision Making During Emergencies / Marcelo ndio dos Reis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Marcos R. S. Borges, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Jos Orlando Gomes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ............................................457Emotions in Decision MakingInfuence of Emotions in Making Hard Decisions in Organizational Contexts, The / Cristina Casado Lumbreras, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Ricardo Colomo Palacios, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain; and Juan Miguel Gmez Berbs, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain ........482Equivocality in Decision MakingFinite-Base Revision Supporting Knowledge Management and Decision Making / Ftima C.C. Dargam, SimTech Simulation Technology Graz, Austria & ILTC, Instituto Doris Aragon Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ..........374Ethical Decision MakingEthical Decision Making: A Critical Assessment and an Integrated Model / Norizah Mustamil, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Mohammed Quaddus, Curtin University of Technology, Australia ...........................................................................................................................................................313Evaluation of DMSSEvaluation of Decision-Making Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA; Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; and Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA .............................................................................................329Executive Information Systems (EIS)Study of Information Requirement Determination Process of an Executive Information System, A / Chad Lin, Curtin University of Technology, Australia and Koong Lin, Tainan National University of the Arts, Taiwan ...............................................................................................................................................807Facility ManagementComputer Aided Facility Management (CAFM) as a New Branch of Decision Making Technologies Support in the Field of Facility Management / Thomas Madritsch, University forApplied Sciences Kufstein Tirol, Austria, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; Michael May, University of Applied Sciences, FHTW, Germany; Herwig Ostermann, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria; and Roland Staudinger, Univeristy for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Austria ........................................................................84Forecasting (DSS for)Neural Network Time Series Forecasting Using Recency Weighting / Brad Morantz, Science Applications International Corporation, USA; Thomas Whalen, Georgia State University, USA; and G. Peter Zhang, Georgia State University, USA .........................................................................................................................661Framing-EffectRational Decision Making, Dual Processes, and Framing: Current Thoughts and Perspectives / Todd McElroy, Appalachian State University, USA .........................................................................................757Fuzzy Decision TreesFuzzy Decision Trees / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ..............................................................382Fuzzy Inference SystemsFuzzy Thermal Alarm System for Venus Express / P. Serra, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal; R. Marques Pereira, Universit degli Studi di Trento, Italy; R. Steel, VEGA IT, Germany; M. Niezette, VEGA IT, Germany; and A. Donati, ESA / ESOC, Germany .......391Fuzzy Linear ProgrammingIntroduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Linear Programming / Pandian Vasant, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia and Hrishikesh S. Kale, K.K.Wagh Institute of Engineering Education & Research, India .................................................................................................................................................................539Game TheoryGames of Strategy / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Seamus Coffey, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................................................402Goal ProgrammingGoal Programming and Its Variants / John Wang, Montclair State University, USA; Dajin Wang, Montclair State University, USA; and Aihua Li, Montclair State University, USA .........................................410Goal SeekingUnambiguous Goal Seeking Through Mathematical Modeling / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ..........892Group Decision Support SystemsThinkTeam: GDSS Methodology and Technology as a Collaborative Learning Task / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada ........................................................................................................................872Group Decision Support Systems for Large GroupsThinkClick: A Case Study of a Large Group Decision Supporrt System (LGDSS) / Hanan Yaniv, University of Calgary, Canada and Susan Crichton, University of Calgary, Canada ....................................865Group Verbal Decision AnalysisGroup Verbal Decision Analysis / Alexey Petrovsky, Insitute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...........................................................................................................................418GroupwareHow Groupware Systems Can Change How an Organisation Makes Decisions: A Case Study in the Publishing Industry / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland; Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France; and Patrick Brzillon, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France ..............................................................................................................................................................426Heuristics for Decision SupportMetaheuristics: Heuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Optimization Problems / Stephan Scheuerer, Fraunhofer Center for Applied Research on Technologies for the Logistics Service Industries ATL, Germany ...........................................................................................................................................................604iDMSSOn Frameworks and Architectures for Intelligent Decision-Making Support Systems / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ......................................................680IncentivesPower of Incentives in Decision Making, The / Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland and Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland........................................................................................724Infuence DiagramsInfuence Diagrams as a Tool for Decision Support System Design / Peter ODonnell, Monash University, Australia and Rob Meredith, Monash University, Australia .........................................................474Information (Role of)Role of Information in Decision Making, The / Edward Shinnick, University College Cork, Ireland and Geraldine Ryan, University College Cork, Ireland ..................................................................................776Intelligent AgentsIntelligent Agents in Decision Support Systems / Gloria E. Phillips-Wren, Loyola College in Maryland, USA.................................................................................................................................................505Investment Evaluation (a DSS for)Decision Support System for Evaluation of Investments in a Computer-Integrated Production System, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland and Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ...................................................................................................................200Knowledge ManagementInformation Distribution Decisions Supported by Argumentation / Ramon Brena, Centro de Sistemas Inteligentes Tecnolgico de Monterrey, Mexico and Carlos Chesevar, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina ..........................................................................................................................................................489Knowledge RepresentationKnowledge Representation to Empower Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems, Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA ..........576Knowledge Worker Desktops Model (KWDM)Knowledge Worker Desktop Model (KWDM) Applied to Decision Support System, A / Camille Rosenthal-Sabroux, Dauphine University, France; Michel Grundstein, Dauphine University, France; and Fernando Iafrate, Euro Disney SCA, France ...........................................................................................584Knowledge-Based DSSKnowledge Based DSS / Michel R. Klein, Information Systems and Decision Science, HEC School of Management, France .......................................................................................................................................565Large-Scale Decision-Making Support SystemsImplementation of Large-Scale Decision-Making Support Systems: Problems, Findings, and Challenges, The / Manuel Mora, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico; Ovsei Gelman, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico; Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; and Francisco Cervantes, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Mexico ..........446Levels of Representation of Decision ProblemsDecision Support Systems and Representation Levels in the Decision Spine / Patrick Humphreys, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK ...............................................................................225Location AnalysisBi-Criteria DSS Dedicated to Location Problems, A / Maria Eugnia Captivo, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; and Srgio Fernandes, Instituto Politcnico de Setbal, Portugal ....................................................................53Location DSSDisaster-Oriented Assessment of Urban Clusters for Locating Production Systems in China, The / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; and Szu-Li Sun, The University of Reading, UK .........253Logic Programming LanguagesLogic Programming Languages for Expert Systems / James D. Jones, Center for Advanced Intelligent Systems,Texas Tech University, USA & Computer Science, Angelo State University, USA.............................593Methods for Decision SupportMethod for Systematic Artifact Selection Decision Making, A / Joanna Lumsden, National Research Council of Canada, Canada ............................................................................................................................618Mobile Decision Support for Time-Critical Decision MakingMobile Decision Support for Time-Critical Decision Making / F. Burstein, Monash University, Australia and J. Cowie, University of Stirling, UK ........................................................................................638ModelsTowards a Framework for Assisting Decision-Makers Assess the Potential of E-Business Models / Pat Finnegan, University College Cork, Ireland and Jeremy Hayes, University College Cork, Ireland ........882Multicriteria DEAPerformance Measurement: From DEA to MOLP / Joo Carlos Namorado Clmaco, Coimbra University, Portugal & INESC Coimbra, Portugal; Joo Carlos Soares de Mello, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil; and Lidia Angulo Meza, Federal Fluminense University, Brazil ........................................................709Multi-Agent SimulationIntroduction to Multi-Agent Simulation / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK and Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK ..................................................................................................554Multi-Agent Simulation and ModelingMulti-Agent Simulation and Management Practices / Peer-Olaf Siebers, University of Nottingham, UK; Uwe Aickelin, University of Nottingham, UK; Helen Celia, University of Leeds, UK; and Chris Clegg, University of Leeds, UK ...................................................................................................................................645Network AnalysisUsing Network Analysis for Understanding How Decisions are Made / Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................................................................950Non-Decision MakingUnderstanding Non-Decision Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ...........................910Online Environmental Information SystemsOnline Environmental Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Jung Hoon Han, University of Queensland, Australia; and Sang Ho Lee, Hanbat National University, South Korea ...................................................................................................................................691Online Urban Information SystemsOnline Urban Information Systems / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Omur Saygin, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey .................................................................................699Organisational Self-AssessmentExtended Model of Decision Making: A Devils Advocate Workshop, An / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland ......................................................................................................................................348Problem FormulationDecision Support and Problem Formulation Activity / David Paradice, Florida State University, USA .......192PROMETHEEPROMETHEE / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK .........................................................................743Qualitative Comparative AnalysisQualitative Comparative Analysis / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ...........................................751Real Options ReasoningReal Options Reasoning as a Tool for Managerial Decision Making / Bernadette Power, University College Cork, Ireland .....................................................................................................................766Research Needs for Decision SupportDecision Aiding Research Needs / Rex Brown, George Mason University, USA ............................................141Risks in Decision MakingExploring the Risks That Affect Community College Decision Makers / Margaret W. Wood, George Mason University, USA and David C. Rine, George Mason University, USA .................................................339Rough Set TheoryRough Set Theory / Malcolm J. Beynon, Cardiff University, UK ....................................................................783Rule QualityDecision Making by a Multiple-Rule Classifer: The Role of Rule Qualities / Ivan Bruha, McMaster University, Canada .......................................................................................................................................... 176Security Aware Web ServicesDecision Support System for Selecting Secure Web Services, A / Khaled M. Khan, Qatar University, Qatar ................................................................................................................................................................211Sense-MakingUnderstanding Sense-Making / David Sammon, University College Cork, Ireland .......................................916Simon, HerbertUnderstanding the Legacy of Herbert Simon to Decision Support Systems / Jean-Charles Pomerol, Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, France and Frdric Adam, University College Cork, Ireland ................930SimulationUse of Simulation as an Experimental Methodology for DMSS Research, The / Guisseppi Forgionne, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA and Stephen Russell, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA ....................................................................................................................................939Social Simulation for Policy DecisionsPolicy Decision Support Through Social Simulation / Luis Antunes, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Ana Respcio, Operations Research Center/GUESS/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Joo Balsa, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; and Helder Coelho, GUESS/LabMAg/Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal .......................................................................................716Software AgentsSoftware Agents / Stanislaw Stanek, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; Maciej Gawinecki, Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland; Malgorzata Pankowska, Karol Adamiecki University of Economics in Katowice, Poland; and Shahram Rahimi, Southern Illinois University, USA ....................................................................................................................798Strategic Decision MakingAnalysis and Intuition in Strategic Decision Making: The Case of California / Zita Zoltay Paprika, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary .....................................................................20Strategic Decision Making (a DSS for)Support System for the Strategic Scenario Process, A / Hannu Kivijrvi, Helsinki School of Economics, Finland; Kalle Piirainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Markku Tuominen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; Samuli Kortelainen, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland; and Kalle Elfvengren, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland ....................822Supply Chain Information and Decision SystemsSupply Chain Information Systems and Decision Support / Liam Doyle, Waterford Institute of Technology, Ireland ..........................................................................................................................................814Suppy Chain Management DecisionsFacilitation of Supply Chain Decision Processes in SMEs, Using Information Systems / Simon Woodworth, University College Cork, Ireland and Joe Cunningham, University College Cork, Ireland .......356SynchronicitySituational Synchronicity for Decision Support / Dorrie DeLuca, University of Delaware, USA and Joseph S. Valacich, Washington State University, USA ...................................................................................790Syndicate DataSyndicate Date Suppliers: Their Business Environment, the Industry, and Their Core Business Process / Mattias Strand, University of Skvde, Sweden and Sven A. Carlsson, Lund University, Sweden ........848System Dynamics Dynamic System Simulation for Decision Support / Norman Pendegraft, University of Idaho, USA and Mark Rounds, University of Idaho, USA...................................................................................................306Tools for Decision SupportDecision Making and Support Tools for Design of Machining Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; O. Guschinskaya, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus ....................................................................155Tools for Decision SupportDecision-Making and Support Tools for Design of Transmission Systems / A. Dolgui, Ecole Nationale Suprieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France; N. Guschinsky, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus; and G. Levin, United Institute of Informatics Problems, Belarus ....................................165Uncertainty in Decision MakingUncertainty and Vagueness Concepts in Decision Making / Georg Peters, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany .............................................................................................................................901Uncertainty Quantifcation and PropagationProbabilistic Methods for Uncertainty Quantifcation / N. Chugunov,Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; G. Shepelyov, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...............................................................................................................................................732Urban Development Decision MakingFederative Approach of Decision-Making Aid in Urban Development, A / G. Kouamou, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon and C. Pettang, National High School of Engineering, Cameroon .........368User-Friendly InterfacesInterfaces Usability for Monitoring Systems / R. A. Ribeiro, UNINOVA CA3, Portugal and I. L. Nunes, Universidade Nova Lisboa, Portugal ..............................................................................................................528Verbal Decision AnalysisIntelligent DSS Under Verbal Decision Analysis / Ilya Ashikhmin, Cork Constraint Computation Centre University College Cork, Ireland; Eugenia Furems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; Alexey Petrovsky, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia; and Michael Sternin, Institute for Systems Analysis Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia ...........................................................514Visualisation Tools for Decision MakingDSS Using Visualization of Multi-Algorithms Voting / Ran M. Bittmann, Gradutate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel and Roy M. Gelbard, Graduate School of Business, Bar-Ilan University, Israel ................................................................................................................................................................296Visualisation in DSSWeb-Based Decision Support for Knowledge Sharing and Management in Intelligence Buildings Assessment / Zhen Chen, Liverpool John Moores University, UK; Ju Hong, Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China; Heng Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China; and Qian Xu, Liverpool John Moores University, UK ............................................................................................958Web-Based GISWeb-Based Public Participatory GIS / Tan Yigitcanlar, Queensland University of Technology, Australia and Ori Gudes, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel ...........................................................................969 xxixForewordThe compilation work undertaken by Frdric Adam and Patrick Humphreys is destined to have a lasting impact on the discipline of decision support in that it provides a comprehensive survey of the decision making domain, from theory to applications.This encyclopaedia features more than 100 articles written by over one hundred and ffty researchers from 25 countries. One remarkable feature of this work is that for the frst time, a broad range of key topics, covering the theoretical bases and important concepts of the domain are presented in a very pedagogical form and in one single book to students and practitioners. At the same time, many applications of the practice of decision making in the business world are presented (multi-criteria decision making, balanced scorecard, infuence diagrams). The tools of the trade of decision support are therefore described in the context of their managerial applications, for instance, urban planning, facility management, disaster planning and recovery, etc.Finally and crucially, the practice of decision support cannot be fully and effectively achieved without the seamless integration of information systems in the organisations they are designed to serve. Thus, numerous articles have been included that deal with leading edge intelligent DSS applications, including data warehousing, workfow automation, knowledge management, group communication and decision support, amongst others, all extremely important aspects of the cooperative work that underlies all modern organisations.In the end, one must thank the authors and editors for undertaking this signifcant venture towards making available to students and managers the requisite tools, both conceptual and practical, for effective decision sup-port. It is without doubt that readers can leverage the material presented in this encyclopaedia for the sustained beneft of their organisations. It is worth restating, in unambiguous terms, that modern management in competi-tive environments cannot be successful without a fnely-tuned and well integrated infrastructure of information and decision support systems. It is one fundamental quality of this book that it provides a demonstration of this reality and also provides the means to concretely tackle it. Lets hope that this ensures the success which this venture deserves.Jean-Charles POMEROLPresident,Universit Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, Francexxx PrefaceThe feld of decision support systems is one of the most enduring in the information systems domain, having emerged in the 1960s, at the beginning of the history of information systems as an area of research, from the pioneering work of Simon, Keen, and Scott Morton amongst many others. Through fve decades, this feld has continued to attract considerable and increasing attention from researchers and practitioners, under a range of banners.Back in 1991, Teng and Galletta (1991) conducted a survey of IS researchers which showed 32% of respon-dents listed DSS as their area of research, with a further 22% listing artifcial intelligence and 21% database management systems. These three areas, which totalled 281 mentions out of 845 valid responses, were actu-ally the top 3 IS research areas listed by Teng and Galletta. In more recent times, Arnott and Pervans (2006) comprehensive review of the DSS feld yielded 1093 research papers published from 1990 to 2004 in 14 major journals, the key journals in a broadly defned IS research area. These papers represented 15.2% of all papers published in the 14 journals.These statistics present a view of DSS as a core area of the IS domain and one with a dynamism well illus-trated by the strength of such international groupings as the AIS Special Interest Group on Decision Support, Knowledge and Data Management Systems (SIG DSS), the Working Group 8.3 of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) on DSS and the EURO Working Group on DSS (EWG DSS). Needless to say, researchers from these groupings form a large proportion of the contributors to this encyclopedia. Nertheless, as evidenced by the wide scope of the contibutions presented in the encyclopaedia, and the range of backgrounds and expertise of their authors, the area of DSS can now successfully claim to integrate groundings from a wide range of disciplines, ranging from Operations Research, to Management and to Social Psychology, with excel-lent, insighful and sometimes fascinating results.Notwithstanding the debates about the best vehicle to study the way organisations work and what kind of systems to develop to support their needs, as illustrated in Morgans (1986) superb Images of Organisations, we stand frm in our belief that thinking of organisations as decision making entities and the system