Upload
kevin-lim
View
227
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 1/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 1
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
EN 1991-1-7
Eurocode 1
Accidental Actions
Ton Vrouwenvelder
TNO Bouw / TU Delft
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 2/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 2
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
EN 1990 Section 2.1 Basic Requirements
(4)P A structure shall be designed and executedin such a way that it will not be damaged by eventslike
- explosion- impact and- consequences of human errors
to an extent disproportionate to the original cause
Note: Further information is given in EN 1991-1-7
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 3/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 3
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
EN 1990 guidance: reducing hazards
low sensitive structural form survival of local damage sufficient warning at collapse
tying members
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 4/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 4
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 5/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 5
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
World Trade Center
USA, 2001
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 6/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 6
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Eurocode EN 1991-1-7
1. General2. Classification
3. Design situations
4. Impact
5. Explosions
Annexes
A. Design for localised failureB. Risk analysis
C. Dynamics
D. Explosions
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 7/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 7
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
3 Design strategies
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 8/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 8
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
4. Impact
Type of road Vehicle type F d,x [kN]Motorway
Country roads
Urban area
Parking place
Parking place
Truck
Truck
Truck
Truck
Passenger car
1000
750
500
150
50
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 9/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 9
Background and ApplicationsEUROCODES
Annex B: scenario model
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 10/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 10
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
upper
lower
theorie
E [kNm]
F[kN]
F=v√(km)
model en experiment
Annex C: force model
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 11/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 11
Background and ApplicationsEUROCODES
Table 4.2.1: Data for probabilistic collision force calculation
variable designation type mean stand dev
n number of lorries/day deterministic 5000 -
T reference time deterministic 100 years -
λ accident rate deterministic 10-10 m-1 -
b width of a vehicle deterministic 2.50 m -
α angle of collision course rayleigh 10o 10o
v vehicle velocity lognormal 80 km/hr 10 km/hr
a deceleration lognormal 4 m2/s 1.3 m/s2
m vehicle mass normal 20 ton 12 ton
k vehicle stiffness deterministic 300 kN/m -
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 12/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 12
Background and ApplicationsEUROCODES
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
eq 4. 3. 7
10 20 30 40 50
di st ance [m]
f orce [ kN]
Life time exceedence probability: 10-3
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 13/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 13
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Design example: bridge column in motorway
x
H h
y Fd y
a b
b width 0.50 m
h thickness 1.00 m
H column height 5 m
f y yield stress steel 300 MPa
f c concrete strength 50 MPa
reinforcement ratio 0.01
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 14/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 14
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Bending moment:
M dx = H
)a H (a −
F dx = 00.5
)25.100.5(25.1 −
1000 = 940 kNm
Resistance:
M Rdx = 0.8 ω h2
b f y= 0.8 0.01 1.002 0.50 300 000
= 1200 kNm > 940 kNm
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 15/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 15
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
5 + Annex D:
gas explosions in buildings
gas explosions in tunnels
dust explosions
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 16/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 16
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
INTERNAL NATURAL GAS EXPLOSIONS
The design pressure is the maximum of:
pd = 3 + pv
pd = 3 + 0.5 pv+0,04/(Av/V)2
pd = nominal equivalent static pressure [kN/m2]
Av = area of venting components [m2]
V = volume of room [m3]
Validity: V < 1000 m3 ; 0,05 m-1 < Av / V < 0,15 m-1
Annex B: load duration = 0.2 s
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 17/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 17
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Design Example: Compartment in a multi story building
H = 3m pd
B = 8 m
Compartment: 3 x 8 x 14 m
Two glass walls ( pv =3 kN/m2) and two concrete walls
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 18/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 18
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
explosion pressure:
pEd = 3 + pv/2 + 0,04/(Av/V)2
= 3 + 1.5 + 0.04 / 0.1442 = 6.5 kN/m2
self weight = 3.0 kN/m2
live load = 2.0 kN/m2
Design load combination (bottom floor):
pda = pSW + pE + ψ 1LL pLL
= 3.00 + 6.50 + 0.5*2.00 = 10.50 kN/m
2
EUROCODES D i i i l d i it
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 19/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 19
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Dynamic increase in load carrying capacity
ϕ d = 1 + Rd
SW
p p
2
max
)t (gu2Δ
t = 0.2 s = load duration g = 10 m/s 2
u max = 0.20 m = midspan deflection at collapse
p sw = 3,0 kN/m 2 and p Rd =7.7 kN/m 2
ϕ d = [1 +
7.7
32
)2.0(10
20.0*2] = 1.6
p REd = ϕ d p Rd = 1.6 * 7.7 = 12.5 kN/m2 > 10.5 kN/m2
Conclusion: bottom floor system okay
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 20/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 20
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Be careful for upper floors and columns
Psw
pE
edge centrecolumn column
B
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 21/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 21
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
BLEVE in eenoverkluizing
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 22/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 22
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
X
Y
X
Y
Z
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 23/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 23
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
0.1E-2.2E-2
.3E-2
.4E-2
.5E-2
.6E-2
.7E-2
.8E-2
.9E-2
.1E-1
X
Y
Z
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 24/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 24
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Consequences class Example structures
class 1
class 2, lower group
class 2, upper group
class 3
low rise buildings where only few people are present
most buildings up to 4 stories
most buildings up to 15 stories
high rise building, grand stands etc.
Annex A: Classification of buildings
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 25/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 25
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Class 1 No special considerations
Class 2, Lower Group
Frames
Horizontal ties in floors
Class 2, Lower groupWall structures Full cellular shapesFloor to wall anchoring.
Class 2, Upper Group Horizontal ties and effective vertical ties
OR limited damage on notional removal
OR special design of key elements
Class 3 Risk analysis and/or advancedmechanical analysis recommended
Annex A: What to do
EUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 26/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 26
U OCO SBackground and Applications
Class 2a (lower group)
randkolom
alle liggers kunnen worden
ontworpen om als trekband
te dienen
interne trekbandTi
omtrek trekband Tp
s = 4 ms = 4 m
L
= 5 m
interne trekbandTi
EUROCODES Class 2a (lower group)
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 27/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 27
Background and Applications
randkolom
interne trekband
2Ø12
omtrek trekband 2Ø12
s = 4 ms = 4 m
L = 5
m
interne trekband2Ø12
T i= 0.8 (gk+ qk )sL = 0.8{3+0.5*3}x4x5=88 kN>75 kN
FeB 500: A = 202 mm 2 or 2 Ø12mm
Class 2a (lower group)
EUROCODES Background horizontal typings
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 28/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 28
Background and Applications Background horizontal typings
s
s L
L Ti = 0,8 s L p Ti
Ti
Ti
middenkolom
total load on center column
R = (gk +ψ
qk) L s = p L s
EUROCODESB k d d A li i
Background typing forces
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 29/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 29
Background and Applications
Ti = 0.75 p s LEquilibirum for = (s+L)/6
dr uk k r ac ht en
t r e k k r a
c h t e n
R
verplaatsing δ
XX δ
Ti
R
g yp g
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 30/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 30
Background and Applications
Suggestion:
design cornercolumn as a
key element.
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 31/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 31
Background and Applications
Example structure, Class 2, Upper Group, Framed
L =7.2 m, s =6 m, qk
= gk
=4 kN/m2, =1.0
internal ties
perimeter tie
L
s
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 32/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 32
Background and Applications
Example structure
Internal horizontal tie force
T i = 0.8 (gk + qk ) s L = 0.8 {4+4} (6 x 7.2) = 276 kN
FeB 500: A = 550 mm 2
or 2 ø18 mm .
Vertical tying force:
T i = (gk + qk ) s L = {4+4} (6 x 7.2) = 350 kN
FeB 500: A = 700 mm 2 or 3 ø18 mm .
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 33/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 33
g pp
Class 2 higher class – walls
interne trekband Ti
omtrek trekband Tp
z
interne
trekband Ti
dragende wand
1 , 2 m
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Class 2 higher class – walls
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 34/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 34
Tyings
Horizontal: Ti= F
t(g
k+ψ
qk) /7,5 × z/5 kN/m > F
tPeriphery: Tp = Ft
Vertical: T = 34 A / 8000 × (H/t)² in N > 100 kN/m
Ft = 20 + 4ns kN/m < 60 kN/mns = number of storeys
z = span A = horizontal cross section of wall [mm²]H = free storey heightt = wall thickness
g
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
Class 2 higher class – walls
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 35/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 35
Design Example:
L = 7,2 m, H = 2,8 m en t = 250 mm
T = 34×7200×250/8000 × (2800/250)² =
= 960 ×10³ N = 960 kN > 720 kN
maximal distance 5 mmaximal distance from edge: 2.5 m
Result: 2 tyings of 480 kN
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 36/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 36
Effect of tyings in walls
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 37/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 37
Effect of vertical tyings
gaping
EUROCODESBackground and Applications class 3: Risk analysis
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 38/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 38
Guidance
can be found in
Annex B:
Definition of scope and limitations
Qualitative Risk analysis
• hazard identification
• hazard scenarios
• description of consequences Reconsideration
• definition of measures of scope and assumptions
Quantitative Risk Analyisis
• inventory of uncertainties• modelling of uncertatinties
• probabilistic calculations
• quantification of consequences
• calculation of risks
Risk management
• risk acceptance criteria
• decision on measures
Presentation
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 39/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 39
Risk Analysis
Eastern Scheldt
Storm Surge Barrier
(1980)
Background and ApplicationsEUROCODES
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 40/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 40
Office building Zwolle (The Netherlands)
London Eye
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 41/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 41
Points of attention in risk analysis
• list of hazards
• irregular structural shapes new
• construction types or materials
• number of potential casualties
• strategic role (lifelines)
EUROCODESBackground and Applications hazards
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 42/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 42
Internal explosion
External explosion
Internal fireExternal fire
Impact by vehicle etc
Mining subsidence
Environmental attack
Vandalism
Demonstrations
Terrorist attack
Design error
Material error
Construction error
User error
Lack of maintenance
Earthquake
Landslide
Tornado
Avalanche
Rock fall
High groundwater
Flood
Volcano eruption
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 43/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 43
Identifical and modelling
of relevant accidental
hazards
Assessment of damage
states to structure from
different hazards
Assessment of the
performance of the
damaged structure
Assessment of the probability of
occurence of different hazards
with different intensities
Assessment of the probability of
different states of damage and
corresponding consequencesfor given hazards
Assessment of the probability of inadequate
performance(s) of the damaged structure
together with the corresponding consequence(s)
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3Identifical and modelling
of relevant accidental
hazards
Assessment of damage
states to structure from
different hazards
Assessment of the
performance of the
damaged structure
Assessment of the probability of
occurence of different hazards
with different intensities
Assessment of the probability of
different states of damage and
corresponding consequencesfor given hazards
Assessment of the probability of inadequate
performance(s) of the damaged structure
together with the corresponding consequence(s)
Identifical and modelling
of relevant accidental
hazards
Assessment of damage
states to structure from
different hazards
Assessment of the
performance of the
damaged structure
Assessment of the probability of
occurence of different hazards
with different intensities
Assessment of the probability of
different states of damage and
corresponding consequencesfor given hazards
Assessment of the probability of inadequate
performance(s) of the damaged structure
together with the corresponding consequence(s)
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 44/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 44
Risk calculation:
Step 1: identification of hazard H i
Step 2: damage D j at given hazard
Step 3: structural behavour S k
and cpmsequences C(S k )
)S (C ) DS ( p) H D( p) H ( p Risk k jk i ji
=
Take sum over all hazards and damage types
EUROCODESBackground and Applications Conclusions
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 45/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 45
EN 1991-1-7: valuable document,
but not a masterpiece of European harmonisation
Reasons:
large prior differences
member state autonomy in safety matters
legal status different in every country
It will be interesting to see the National Annexes and NDP’s .
EUROCODESBackground and Applications
7/23/2019 EN1991 7 Accidential Actionpdf
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/en1991-7-accidential-actionpdf 46/46
Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 – Dissemination of information workshop 46
Relevant Background Documents
ISO-documents
COST actions C28 and TU0601
Background document for the ENV-version of EC1 Part 2-7(TNO, The Netherlands, 1999)
Leonardo da Vinci Project CZ/02/B/F/PP-134007
Handbooks Implementtion of Eurocodes (2005)