EN 13443-2 Filter

EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

FINAL DRAFTprEN 13443-2

September 2004

ICS 13.060.20; 91.140.60

English version

Water conditioning equipment inside buildings - Mechanicalfilters - Part 2: Particle rating 1 µm to less than 80 µm;

Requirements for performance, safety and testing

Équipement de conditionnement d'eau à l'intérieur desbâtiments - Filtres mécaniques - Partie 2: Particules de

taille 1 µm à 80 µm; Exigences de performances, desécurité et d'essais

Anlagen zur Behandlung von Trinkwasser in derTrinkwasser-Installation - Mechanisch wirkende Filter - Teil

2: Filterfeinheit 1 µm bis 80 µm; Anforderungen anAusführung, Sicherheit und Prüfung

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC164.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations whichstipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other languagemade by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the samestatus as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice andshall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONC OM ITÉ EUR OP ÉEN DE NOR M ALIS AT IONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. prEN 13443-2:2004: E

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Contents Page

Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................4 1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................5 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5 3 Terms and definitions ...................................................................................................................................5 4 Symbols and abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................9 5 Design requirements ...................................................................................................................................10 5.1 Materials .......................................................................................................................................................10 5.2 Filter housings .............................................................................................................................................10 5.3 Back-washable filters ..................................................................................................................................10 5.4 Cartridge filters ............................................................................................................................................10 5.5 Integral filters ...............................................................................................................................................10 5.6 Design temperature .....................................................................................................................................10 5.7 Backflow prevention....................................................................................................................................10 6 Performance requirements .........................................................................................................................11 6.1 Reference filtration rating ...........................................................................................................................11 6.2 Retention capacity.......................................................................................................................................11 6.3 Clean pressure drop....................................................................................................................................11 6.4 Maximum pressure drop .............................................................................................................................11 6.5 Cartridge collapse pressure .......................................................................................................................11 6.6 Cartridge cyclic differential pressure resistance .....................................................................................11 6.7 Particle shedding.........................................................................................................................................11 6.8 Housing resistance to static pressure.......................................................................................................11 6.9 Housing resistance to cyclic pressure......................................................................................................12 7 Test procedures ...........................................................................................................................................12 7.1 Reference filtration rating ...........................................................................................................................12 7.1.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................12 7.1.2 Test equipment and materials ....................................................................................................................13 7.1.3 Test rig validation ........................................................................................................................................15 7.1.4 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................18 7.1.5 Expression of results ..................................................................................................................................23 7.1.6 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................23 7.2 Retention capacity.......................................................................................................................................24 7.2.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................24 7.2.2 Test equipment ............................................................................................................................................24 7.2.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................24 7.2.4 Expression of results ..................................................................................................................................25 7.3 Differential pressure....................................................................................................................................26 7.3.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................26 7.3.2 Test equipment and materials ....................................................................................................................26 7.3.3 Measuring instruments ...............................................................................................................................27 7.3.4 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................27 7.3.5 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................28 7.4 Cartridge collapse pressure .......................................................................................................................28 7.4.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................28 7.4.2 Test equipment and materials ....................................................................................................................28 7.4.3 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................31 7.4.4 Acceptance criteria......................................................................................................................................32 7.4.5 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................32 7.5 Cartridge cyclic pressure resistance.........................................................................................................32 7.5.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................32

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7.5.2 Equipment and reagents.............................................................................................................................33 7.5.3 Test rig validation ........................................................................................................................................34 7.5.4 Method of operation ....................................................................................................................................34 7.5.5 Acceptance criteria......................................................................................................................................35 7.5.6 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................35 7.6 Particle shedding.........................................................................................................................................36 7.6.1 Principle........................................................................................................................................................36 7.6.2 Equipment and reagents.............................................................................................................................36 7.6.3 Test rig validation ........................................................................................................................................37 7.6.4 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................37 7.6.5 Sample analysis...........................................................................................................................................37 7.6.6 Acceptance criteria......................................................................................................................................37 7.6.7 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................38 7.7 Housing pressure test.................................................................................................................................38 7.8 Housing cyclic pressure test......................................................................................................................38 8 Technical documents, labelling and marking...........................................................................................38 8.1 Technical documents ..................................................................................................................................38 8.2 Marking .........................................................................................................................................................39 8.3 Labelling .......................................................................................................................................................39 8.3.1 Filter housing ...............................................................................................................................................39 8.3.2 Filter element ...............................................................................................................................................39 Annex A (informative) Typical test reports ...........................................................................................................40 A.1 Filtration efficiency and retention capacity ..............................................................................................40 A.1.1 Filter identification.......................................................................................................................................40 A.1.2 Operating conditions...................................................................................................................................40 A.1.3 Results ..........................................................................................................................................................40 A.2 Differential pressure/flow rate....................................................................................................................41 A.2.1 Filter and element identification ................................................................................................................41 A.2.2 Operating conditions...................................................................................................................................42 A.2.3 Test results...................................................................................................................................................42 A.2.4 Observations................................................................................................................................................43 A.3 Verification of cartridge collapse pressure...............................................................................................44 A.3.1 Identification of filter element ...................................................................................................................44 A.3.2 Operating conditions...................................................................................................................................44 A.3.3 Test Results .................................................................................................................................................44 A.3.4 Observations................................................................................................................................................44 A.4 Verification of resistance to fatigue due to flow rate cyclic variations..................................................45 A.4.1 Identification of filter element ...................................................................................................................45 A.4.2 Operating conditions...................................................................................................................................45 A.4.3 Test Results .................................................................................................................................................45 A.4.4 Observations................................................................................................................................................45 A.5 Verification of cleanliness ..........................................................................................................................46 A.5.1 Identification of filter element ...................................................................................................................46 A.5.2 Operating conditions...................................................................................................................................46 A.5.3 Test results...................................................................................................................................................46 Annex B (informative) Typical graphical representation of test results............................................................47 Annex C (normative) Integrity inspection and measurement of first bubble point ..........................................51 C.1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................51 C.2 Principle........................................................................................................................................................51 C.3 Test equipment and materials....................................................................................................................51 C.3.1 Test stand.....................................................................................................................................................51 C.3.2 Test liquid.....................................................................................................................................................52 C.3.3 Tensiometer .................................................................................................................................................52 C.4 Procedure .....................................................................................................................................................52 C.5 Test results...................................................................................................................................................52 C.6 Criteria for acceptance................................................................................................................................53 Bibliography..............................................................................................................................................................54

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Foreword

This document (prEN 13443-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

1) This document provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States.

2) It should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulation concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force.

This is the second part of the two part standard for mechanical filters. Part 1 is concerned with mechanical filters with a particle size rating from 80 µm to 150 µm.

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1 Scope

This document specifies requirements relating to the construction, performance and methods of testing for mechanical filters for the removal of suspended matter in drinking water installations inside buildings. It applies to filters with a filtration rating from 1 µm up to less than 80 µm and which are intended for use in systems with a minimum pressure rating of PN 6, connections between DN 15 and DN 100 and service temperature of less than30 °C.

This document is applicable to back-washable filters, integral filters and those designed for replaceable cartridges. It only concerns units that are permanently connected to the mains supply at point of entry or point of use.

Part 1 of this standard (EN 13443-1) is a separate document and deals with filters with a particle rating between 80 µm and 150 µm.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 872, Water quality — Determination of suspended solids — Method by filtration through glass fibre filters

EN 1717, Protection against pollution of potable water in water installations and general requirements of devices to prevent pollution by backflow

EN 13443-1:2002, Water conditioning equipment inside buildings — Mechanical filters — Part 1: Particle rating 80 µm to 150 µm — Requirements for performance, safety and testing

ISO 304, Surface active agents — Determination of surface tension by drawing up liquid films

ISO 1219-1, Fluid power systems and components — Graphic symbols and circuit diagrams — Part 1: Graphic symbols

ISO 4021, Hydraulic fluid power — Particulate contamination analysis — Extraction of fluid samples from lines of an operating system

ISO 12103-1, Road vehicles — Test dust for filter evaluation — Part 1: Arizona test dust

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 average pore diameter (DMP) value, in µm, of the pore diameter which corresponds to the mode of the relative frequency of pore diameter distribution of a filter media determined by air porosimetry

3.2 backwashable filter filter unit which is equipped with facilities, manual or automatic, to enable the periodic, in situ cleaning of the filter element by reversing the flow of water through the element

3.3 bubble point lowest air pressure at which a stream of bubbles appears at a point of the filter media surface when immersed under air pressure in a wetting liquid in accordance with Annex C

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3.4 cartridge filter filter unit comprising a housing and replaceable element

3.5 collapse pressure (∆∆∆∆Pc) 80 % of the differential pressure at the inflexion point

3.6 counting threshold electronic threshold for detecting particles of a given size

3.7 cumulative mean filtration efficiency per period (Edp) cumulative efficiency calculated from the total numbers of particles greater than size d counted upstream and downstream of a filter during the period p

3.8 cumulative overall mean filtration efficiency (Edg) cumulative efficiency calculated from the total number of particles greater than size d counted upstream and downstream of a filter during the whole test

3.9 depth filter filter element, comprising a thick porous barrier, with a pore size larger than the particles to be removed, such that the particles are trapped mainly within the depth of the element as water passes through it

3.10 differential pressure (dP) pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the filter unit measured under predetermined conditions. The differential pressure generated by the complete filter is equal to the sum of the differential pressures generated by the housing and by the filter element

3.11 differential pressure at the inflexion point (dPi ) differential pressure across the filter unit including the cartridge at the inflexion point, minus the differential pressure generated by the test container alone (see Figure B.4)

3.12 drinking water water intended for human consumption as defined by Council Directive 98/83/EC (see [1])

3.13 fibre particle which is larger than 50 µm and for which the ratio of length to width is at least 10

3.14 filter cartridge replaceable filter element (spun, wound, pleated, ...)

3.15 filter element that part of a mechanical filter designed to retain particulate matter

3.16 filter housing pressure vessel which contains and seals the filter element and usually comprises the head, which usually embodies the connection, and the sump or body, which contains the element

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3.17 filter system complete installation comprising the filter housing, isolation valves, pressure gauges, pipework, etc.

3.18 final differential pressure (dPF) differential pressure of the filter element at the end of testing

3.19 inflexion point point of discontinuity on a graph of pressure drop against solids loading curve, indicating deformation of the cartridge and potential solids break-through (see Figure B.4)

3.20 integral filter complete filter for which the filter element and housing are inseparable

3.21 ISO Coarse Test Dust (ISO CTD) siliceous test powder having a particle size distribution by convention between 0 µm and 200 µm in accordance with ISO 12103-1

NOTE It may have also be referred to as ISO 12103-1 A4 dust.

3.22 ISO Medium Test Dust (ISO MTD) siliceous test powder having a particle size distribution by convention between 0 µm and 80 µm in accordance with ISO 12103-1

NOTE It may also be referred to as ISO 12103-1 A3 dust.

3.23 mechanical filter appliance designed to remove particulate matter from water by passage of the water through a porous medium

3.24 net differential pressure (dPN) difference between the final differential pressure of the clogged filter element and the differential pressure across the clean filter element (see 3.8)

3.25 nominal flow rate flow rate for the filter specified by the manufacturer or, in the absence of this specification, the flow rate through the clean filter element at which the pressure drop across the filter element is 20 kPa

3.26 particle shedding release of particles of the filter element construction material into the filtered water

3.27 reference filtration rating (S) dimension, in µm , of the ISO MTD or ISO CTD particles at which the overall mean cumulative filtration efficiency of a filtering cartridge tested in accordance with the procedure described in this document, is greater than or equal to 99,8 %

3.28 retention capacity (CR) mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD effectively retained by the filter element when the final standard differential pressure of 250 kPa is reached (CR250) or a specific one of x kPa (CRx), calculated by subtraction of the mass of contaminant in the filtrate from the injected mass

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3.29 surface filter filter element comprising a thin permeable material, with a pore size smaller than the particles to be removed, such that the particles are trapped mainly on the surface of the material as the water passes through it

3.30 total mass of injected contaminant (Mi) mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD injected into the test circuit up to the point when the specified final differential pressure is reached

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4 Symbols and abbreviations

The generic symbols and abbreviations used in this document are given in Table 1.

Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations

Symbol or abbreviation Parameter Unit

Ce Test concentration mg/l

Ci Injection concentration mg/l

CR2 500

Retention capacity at 2 500 kPa g

CRx Retention capacity at x kPa g

CTD Coarse Test Dust - ∆P Differential pressure kPa

∆PF Final differential pressure kPa

d Size of the particle µm dP

c Loss of pressure due to the test housing alone kPa

dPeo

Loss of pressure due to the clean filter alone kPa

dPF Loss of pressure at the end of the test kPa

dPi Loss of pressure at the point of inflexion kPa

dPo Loss of pressure due to the test housing kPa

dPs Loss of specific pressure kPa

Ed Cumulative filtration efficiency at the size greater than d µm % E[d

1 ; d

2] Differential filtration efficiency (between the sizes d

1 and d

2) %

M Mass of contaminant necessary for the test g Mi Total mass of injected contaminant g

MNR

Mass of non retained contaminant g

MTD Medium Test Dust - N

d Number of particles having a dimension greater than or equal to d -

N[d1 ; d

2] Number of particles having a dimension greater than or equal to d

1 and less than d

2 -

∆PN Net differential pressure kPa

Qe Test flow rate l/min

Qi Injection flow rate l/h

Qsensors

Flow rate through the sensors l/h

S Reference filtration rating µm T

F End of test time min

Vi Injection circuit fluid volume l V

iM Injection circuit maximum fluid volume l

VF Final fluid volume in test circuit l

∆t100

Time duration of a 100 mg/l period min

PT Number of clogging periods (at 100 mg/l)

The graphic symbols used conform to the requirements of ISO 1219-1.

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5 Design requirements

5.1 Materials

The quality of the drinking water, after treatment by the filter, shall not be modified, by normal or accidental contact with the filter system materials or coatings, such that the treated water fails to comply with the Directive 98/83/EC, or the relevant national drinking water regulations, up to the design temperature of the filter.

5.2 Filter housings

Some cartridges are supplied separately from the housing as a universal fitting suitable for a number of different housings. The performance of a cartridge filter (cartridge and housing), particularly its particle rating, will be dependent upon the quality of the seal of the cartridge mount. Therefore, if the cartridge is supplied independently from the housing, the manufacturer, for compliance with this document, shall identify the housing, or range of housings, for which the cartridge is suitable.

5.3 Back-washable filters

Back-washable filters shall be capable of being cleaned, without the aid of tools and the cleaning mechanism shall meet the requirements of 5.1. After back-washing, the manufacturer’s filtration rating and clean pressure drop shall be restored. Action to be taken in the event of irrecoverable deterioration in the performance of the filter should be defined in the manufacturer's instructions.

Back-washable filters shall be fitted with a free drain outlet in accordance with EN 1717.

Back-washable filters shall be designed so that there shall be no interruption of the water supply during the backwash operation.

5.4 Cartridge filters

Cartridge filters shall be designed such that the filter cartridge can be replaced with minimum risk of contamination of the drinking water supply.

Any tools used in this operation shall not come into contact with the drinking water and shall be provided by the filter manufacturer.

The cartridge sealing arrangement shall be designed to accommodate regular cartridge change without wear of the housing which could cause degradation of the efficiency of the filter over its lifetime.

Replacement cartridges shall be individually wrapped to prevent contamination in transport and storage.

NOTE It is recommended, particularly for point of use filters, that a device should be provided to warn the end-user when the cartridge has become fouled.

5.5 Integral filters

Integral filters shall be designed such that the filter unit can be changed without the use of special tools. They shall be installed allowing adequate access for the routine filter change operation.

5.6 Design temperature

The complete filter system shall be designed for continuous operation at a maximum ambient and water temperature of at least 30 °C.

5.7 Backflow prevention

Backflow prevention shall be provided in accordance with the national implementation of EN 1717.

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6 Performance requirements

6.1 Reference filtration rating

The filter system or cartridge, when tested in the manufacturer’s recommended housing, shall demonstrate a filtration efficiency of at least 99,8 % at the manufacturer’s designated particle rating for the cartridge, and at the manufacturer’s recommended maximum pressure drop, when tested in accordance with the method defined in 7.1.

6.2 Retention capacity

The retention capacity shall be not less than the manufacturer’s declared value (if any), and tested in accordance with 7.2. This requirement is not applicable to back-washable filters.

6.3 Clean pressure drop

The manufacturer of the filter element shall identify in the appropriate documentation, the pressure drop through a clean cartridge at the manufacturer’s recommended flow rate or the maximum acceptable pressure drop after backwash at the manufacturer's recommended flow rate (see Clause 8). The method for measurement of the clean pressure drop shall be in accordance with 7.3.

6.4 Maximum pressure drop

The manufacturer of the filter element shall specify in the appropriate documentation and/or on the filter element and/or on the filter housing, the maximum pressure drop at which it is recommended that the cartridge be changed.

6.5 Cartridge collapse pressure

When subjected to continuous and progressive blinding, up to a pressure drop equivalent to 80 % of the nominal pressure rating of the housing, there shall be no discontinuity in the pressure rise, nor, after careful removal and cleaning, any visible damage to the cartridge, when tested in accordance with 7.4.

6.6 Cartridge cyclic differential pressure resistance

When subjected to a cyclic flow of water sufficient to generate a peak pressure drop of 200 kPa, or greater, at a cycle frequency of 0,05 Hz, for 500 cycles (see 7.5):

a) the pressure drop at the peak flow rate, shall not fall off during the test,

b) there shall be no visible evidence of damage to the filter cartridge and

c) the bubble point for the cartridge after the test shall not differ from that measured before the test, by more than 15 %. The bubble point shall be measured in accordance with Annex C.

6.7 Particle shedding

When subjected to the manufacturer’s recommended flow rate, a new cartridge, after preconditioning in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (see Clause 8), shall show no increase in particle count when compared to the background particle count of the test rig, when tested in accordance with 7.6.

6.8 Housing resistance to static pressure

When subjected to a static pressure test as defined in EN 13443-1:2002, 7.2, the filter housing shall show no permanent, visible signs of leakage, permanent deformation, fissures or ruptures.

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6.9 Housing resistance to cyclic pressure

When subjected to a cyclic pressure test as defined in EN 13443-1:2002, 7.4, the filter housing shall show no permanent, visible signs of leakage, permanent deformation, fissures or ruptures.

7 Test procedures

7.1 Reference filtration rating

7.1.1 Principle

The performance of the filter to be tested is determined by measuring its hydraulic and separative properties when subjected to a constant flow rate of water conveying a known quantity of contaminant. The test is performed with the water recycled after passage through a decontamination filter. The test is conducted in a succession of periods during which the concentration of the test contaminant upstream of the filter is alternated between 5 mg/l and 100 mg/l. The filtration efficiency and ratio are calculated from automatic, on line, particle counts upstream and downstream of the element during the low (5 mg/l) concentration periods. The retention capacity is determined from the mass of contaminant required for obtaining a predetermined differential pressure. Several operating parameters are specified as a function of the type of filter under test, e.g. the standard flow rate of 15 l/min is recommended for testing a standard 250 mm long cartridge.

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7.1.2 Test equipment and materials

7.1.2.1 Test stand

Key 1 Main reservoir 10 Recirculation pump 2 Main pump 11 Injection pump 3 Temperature sensor regulator 12 Micro-filtered water supply 4 Sampling valve 13 Filter to be tested 5 Differential pressure gauge 14 On line counts 6 Flow meter 15 Main circuit 7 Counter pressure control valve 16 Injection circuit n° 1 8 Decontamination filters 17 Injection circuit n° 2 9 Injection reservoir

Figure 1 — Diagram of filtration efficiency and retention capacity test rig

7.1.2.1.1 Filter test circuit

The filter test circuit is designed in order to permit the recycling of the fluid being filtered. The return line is equipped with a decontamination filter that retains all of the test particles that have passed through the test filter.

The test circuit comprises:

a) a conical bottom reservoir having a recommended cone angle less than or equal to 90°. It shall have a retention time of 30 s and an aspect ratio of 2 to 3. The recycled water return line penetrates beneath the free face so as to avoid the risk of air entrainment;

b) a circulation pump which ensures a constant, non pulsed flow rate throughout the test duration, particularly when the filter is clogged. It shall be resistant to the test contaminant and it shall not modify its particle size distribution;

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c) a decontamination filter to restore the level of the test fluid’s particulate contamination to less than 300 particles greater than 5 µm per 100 ml. It shall be fitted with bypass and isolation valves;

d) instruments for measuring the flow rate, the temperature, the relative and differential pressures at the filter connections. The pressure tappings are of the spur type;

e) sampling devices in accordance with ISO 4021 are placed upstream and downstream of the filter in order to ensure representative sampling of the water and contaminant;

f) interconnecting pipe and fittings, dimensioned and selected so as to ensure a turbulent flow throughout the whole circuit, thereby preventing the formation of traps, segregation and quiescent zones. The length of the piping shall be reduced to the minimum;

g) a clean water level control device in the test reservoir, which regulates the level to within 5 %;

h) a temperature regulator which controls the temperature at the specified value of (23 ± 2) °C.

7.1.2.1.2 Contaminant injection circuits

There are two injection circuits; one is allocated to 5 mg/l injection (injection circuit N° 1), the other to 100 mg/l injection (injection circuit N° 2).

Each injection circuit includes the following equipment:

a) a conical bottom reservoir having a recommended cone angle less than or equal to 90°. Its height is preferably between twice or three times its diameter. It is equipped with a level indicator. The recycled water returns beneath the free face;

b) a recirculation pump which generates a sufficient flow rate to ensure perfect mixing under all circumstances. It shall be resistant to the test contaminant and it shall not modify its particle size distribution. An additional stirrer can be used to ensure more perfect mixing and suspension of the ISO CTD;

c) a temperature regulation device to control the water temperature at that specified for the test;

d) a decontamination filter, installed so as to by-pass the injection loop, which allows the water to be restored to less than 1 200 particles greater than 5 µm per 100 ml;

e) a contaminant injection pump which draws the concentrated contaminant into the recirculation system at a point where the flow is turbulent and discharges it via a flexible pipe into the main pump suction or into the tank of the main circuit. It shall not generate any excessive flow rate pulsation and shall have no effect on the contaminant. The injection flow rate shall be sufficient to prevent segregation of the test dust;

f) a sampling device conforming to ISO 4021;

g) a device for measuring the injection flow rate, insensitive to the contaminant and without effect on its particle size distribution at the concentrations scheduled for the test.

7.1.2.2 Automatic particle counting devices

These devices are comprising one or two counters and two optical units.

These devices operate on the principle of the absorption of a beam of white light or of a laser beam or on the laser diffusion principle; they have to be properly calibrated using certified monosized latex spheres.

Ascertain that the high and low detection limits for the device are compatible with the counting thresholds specified in 7.1.4.1.2.1, Table 3.

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7.1.2.3 Test fluid

Mains water filtered so as to contain less than 300 particles greater than 5 µm per 100 ml.

NOTE To avoid precipitation of calcium carbonate, the test water hardness should preferably be less than 300 mg/l as CaCO3.

7.1.2.4 Test contaminant

ISO MTD particulate silica for a cartridge designated between 0 µm and 25 µm and ISO CTD for a cartridge designated between 25 µm and 80 µm (see 3.21 and 3.22).

7.1.2.5 Stop watch

7.1.2.6 Ultra clean bottles

Use thoroughly cleaned sample bottles which contain less than 300 particles greater than 5 µm per 100 ml when filled with micro-filtered water.

7.1.2.7 Pigment and paint shaker

7.1.3 Test rig validation

The purpose of the validation is to demonstrate that the test rig complies with the test requirements. The validation shall be carried out regularly at least twice a year, and whenever a component of the installation is modified or changed.

7.1.3.1 Validation of the injection circuits and of the decontamination filter

The two injection circuits for attaining test concentrations of 5 mg/l and 100 mg/l shall be successively validated.

The validation is conducted with the maximum volume (ViM

) in each tank and at the minimum flow rates for the injection circuits.

a) Calculate the two injection circuit contamination concentrations so that the concentration in the test circuit Ce = 5 mg/l (injection circuit N° 1) or Ce = 100 mg/l (injection circuit N° 2):

)/( ieei QQCC = (1)

where

Qe = 15 l/min;

Qi is the minimum value of the injection flow rate, in l/min.

b) Prepare a mass M of test dust ISO MTD or ISO CTD, previously dried at a temperature between 110 °C to 150 °C for at least 1 h and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator, to obtain the previously calculated concentration Ci:

iiM CVM ×= (2)

where

M is the mass of test dust, in mg;

ViM is the maximum volume of each tank, in l;

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Ci is the infection circuit contaminant concentration, in mg/l.

c) Disperse the contaminant in 200 ml of clean water ensuring complete homogenisation (e.g. by using ultrasonics and then mixing with a non-magnetic stirrer).

d) Introduce the fluid volume (ViM = 200 ml) into the injection reservoir, start the recirculation pump (see Figure 1, item 10), introduce the test contaminant prepared in b) and c) above, and allow to circulate for a few minutes.

e) Set the injection flow rate at the minimum Qi value, continuously controlling the value displayed by the flow rate meter (see Figure 1, items 6B or 6C) and the height of the fluid in the injection reservoir. Start the injection into the test reservoir.

NOTE It is preferable to inject the contaminant by means of a flexible pipe in order to facilitate the sampling operations at the injection point.

f) Every 30 min, during a 6 h period, take a 200 ml sample via sampling valve (see Figure 1, item 4D) and at the injection point in the main circuit. Determine suspended solids concentration in accordance with EN 872.

g) During the course of the validation of injection circuit N° 2 (to verify Ce = 100 mg) and with a view to validating the decontamination filter, carry out, between two sampling operations, a 15 min phase of on-line counts by connecting a sensor and a counter to take-off (see Figure 1, item 4E).

h) The injection circuit is validated if the following conditions are satisfied:

the average of the flow rates, the measured maximum values and the defined injection flow rate Qi, do not differ by more than 5 %;

the suspended solids for each of the injection concentrations do not differ by more than 5 %.

i) The decontamination filter is validated, if all the counts conducted in g) of this clause are less than 300 particles greater than 5 µm per 100 ml.

7.1.3.2 Validation of the test circuit

a) Adjust the volume of the fluid VF in the main circuit to (7,5 ± 0,375) l.

b) After fitting a tubular sleeve in place of the filter cartridge to be tested, set up the temperature regulation system and the main pump adjusting the main flow rate Qe to 15 l/min. Operate until the conditions have stabilised and, if necessary, readjust the fluid volume in the circuit to 7,5 l.

c) To the upstream and downstream sample valves (see Figure 1, items 4B and 4C), connect on-line automatic counters previously calibrated, regulating the flow rate through the sensors to the values recommended by the manufacturer of the automatic counters.

d) Introduce into the reservoir of each injection circuit, mass M1 and M2 of contaminant, previously oven-dried and desiccated, to obtain the theoretical concentrations Ce = 5 mg/l and Ce = 100 mg/l.

e) Start the validation with a 30 min phase at the test concentration Ce = 5 mg/l during which in-line counts are carried out, via upstream and downstream sample valves (see Figure 1, items 4B and 4C), for 30 s every minute, at the thresholds selected in Tables 2a and 2b. During this phase, collect the entire volume downstream of one of the on-line counters and determine its suspended solids concentration in accordance with EN 872.

f) Shut off the upstream sampling valve (see Figure 1, item 4B).

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g) Follow this by a 15 min phase with a concentration Ce = 100 mg/l. Collect the entire volume which has run off via downstream sampling valve (see Figure 1, item 4C) for particle size analysis, the downstream sensor having been previously disconnected.

h) Finish with a 30 min phase at a 5 mg/l test concentration with on-line counts each minute via upstream and downstream sampling valves (see Figure 1, items 4B and 4C), on 25 ml sample volume, at the thresholds selected in Tables 2a and 2b.

i) The test circuit is validated, if the following three conditions are satisfied:

the difference between the results for each sensor during the course of the phases described in e) and h) of this clause is less than or equal to that given in Table 2a:

Table 2a — Percentage of variation in the number of particles per counter

Thresholds (µm) d > 3 d > 5 d > 10 d > 15 d > 25 d > 35 d >55 d > 70 d > 80

ISO MTD (%) 3 5 7 10 32 55 - - -

ISO CTD (%) - 6 8 11 25 30 40 55 72

the difference in the results between the two sensors during the phases is less than or equal to that given in Table 2b:

Table 2b — Percentage difference in the number of particles between two counters

Thresholds (µm) 2 3 4 5 7 10 12 15 20 30 40

Difference (%) 5 5 5 5,1 5,3 5,6 5,6 6,3 7 10 10

If these conditions are not met, adjust the upstream sensor only in order to reduce the variation at the corresponding sizes.

the mass of contaminant collected at upstream and/or downstream sampling valve (see Figure 1, items 4C and/or 4B) and calculated as shown below do not deviate by more than 30 % from the injected masses.

EXAMPLE If the flow rate through the sensor Qech = 20 ml/min during the course of a 30 min phase at 5 mg/l, the following mass shall theoretically be recovered:

mg30001

530201 ==

xx

m

The mass effectively recovered m’1 is calculated as follows:

000 1' ech1

.VCm ech=

where

Cech is the recovered concentration of the average sample, in mg/l;

Vech is the total volume of sample recovered, in l.

The following condition shall apply:

m’1 = m

1 ± 30 %.

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7.1.4 Procedure

7.1.4.1 Operating conditions

7.1.4.1.1 Fixed conditions

The following operating conditions shall be used:

test flow rate: manufacturer's specified flow rate as defined on the product label;

test contaminant: ISO MTD or ISO CTD;

sampling method: during Ce = 5 mg/l phases upstream (sampling valve see Figure 1, item 4B) and downstream (sampling valve see Figure 1, item 4C) of the filter;

counting method: on-line automatic particle counter using diffusion or absorption of white light or laser beam;

level of initial cleanliness:

injection circuit: less than 6 000 particles greater than 2 µm per 100 ml;

main circuit up to take-off (see Figure 1, item 4B): less than 800 particles greater than 2 µm per 100 ml;

duration of phases:

counting phase (Ce = 5 mg/l) : 30 min;

clogging phase (Ce = 100 mg/l) :

surface cartridge: 60 min;

depth cartridge: 15 min (wound, bonded);

end of test minimum differential pressure:

surface cartridge : dPF = 250 kPa; (e.g. pleated, strainers, …)

depth cartridge : dPF = 150 kPa; (e.g. wound, bonded, …)

back-washable filters : manufacturer’s specified differential pressure that starts the back-washing process.

7.1.4.1.2 Variable conditions

7.1.4.1.2.1 Selection of counting thresholds

The counting thresholds to be used are adapted to the presumed reference filtration rating of the filter to be tested according to Table 3 below.

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Table 3 — Counting thresholds as a function of the designated reference rating of the filter to be tested

Designated filtration rating µm

Counting thresholds µm

< 5 1 2 3 4 5 6

]5 to 10 ] 2 3 5 8 10 12

]10 to 15] 3 6 10 12 15 20

]15 to 25 ] 5 8 12 20 30 40

]25 to 35 ] 10 15 20 30 40 50

]35 to 50 ] 15 20 30 40 50 60

]50 to 80 ] 30 40 50 60 80 100

7.1.4.1.2.2 Initial downstream cleanliness level

The initial cleanliness level of the test circuit measured via downstream sampling valve (see Figure 1, item 4C) shall be such that the number of particles of a size greater than the reference rating is no more than 10 % of the expected number of particles at this threshold downstream of the filter. This expected number is calculated from the number of the test contaminant particles at 5 mg/l and the filter presumed efficiency at this threshold.

7.1.4.2 Preparation of the contaminant injection circuits

7.1.4.2.1 Calculation of the test conditions for injection circuit N° 1 (5 mg/l test concentration)

NOTE The preparation for the test presupposes a priori knowledge of the retention capacity of the filter element to be tested at the specified final differential pressure. If this capacity is not known, a preliminary test is conducted at the flow rate scheduled for the test and with an exceptionally high concentration of test contaminant upstream of the filter (between 100 mg/l and 300 mg/l).

a) Taking the concentration Ce = 100 mg/l upstream of the filter under test, calculate the time T’1 in minutes required for clogging the filter element:

ee

RP'1 QC

CT×

= (3)

where

CRP = is the presumed retention capacity, in mg;

Ce = 100 mg/l;

Qe = 15 l/min.

b) From T’1 calculated in a) of this clause, determine the number P

T of 1 h phases in the case of a pleated filter,

and of 15 min phases in the case of a depth filter, at a 100 mg/l test concentration required for clogging the filter and the number of 30 min phases at a 5 mg/l test concentration based on start and finish with a 5 mg/l phase.

EXAMPLE If T’ = 2h 30 for a pleated filter, provide for:

at least two 1 h phases with Ce = 100 mg/l and

three 30 min phases with Ce = 5 mg/l.

For a depth filter provide for:

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at least three 15 min phases with Ce = 100 mg/l and

four 30 min phases with Ce = 5 mg/l.

c) Select the injection flow rate value (Qi1) as a function of the sampling flow rates upstream and downstream of

the filter under test and of a possible additional draw-off flow rate in order to guarantee the stability of the fluid volume in the main circuit throughout the test. The sampling flow rates are set to the flow rates imposed by the particle counters.

d) Calculate the total volume Vi1 in litres of fluid required for injecting the contaminant during the time period T1

(min) scheduled for the test from the injection flow rate Qi1 (l/min) and adding a safety margin of 20 %:

Vi1 = 1,2 x T1 x Qi1 (4)

NOTE This total volume Vi1 can be prepared as required during the course of testing.

e) Calculate the concentration Ci1 in milligram per litre of the contaminant in injection circuit N° 1:

i1

eei1 Q

QCC

×= (5)

where

Ce = 5 mg/l;

Qe = 15 l/min.

f) Calculate the quantity M1 in grams of contaminant required to be introduced into the injection water in order to

comply with the previously calculated test conditions, according to the following equation:

0001i1i1

1QCM ×= (6)

7.1.4.2.2 Calculation of the test conditions for injection circuit N° 2 (100 mg/l test concentration)

a) Select the injection flow rate value (Qi2) as a function of the sampling flow rates upstream and downstream of

the filter under test and of a possible additional draw-off flow rate in order to guarantee the stability of the fluid volume in the main circuit throughout the test. The sampling flow rates are set to the flow rates required for the particle counters.

b) Calculate the total volume Vi2 in litres of fluid required for injecting the contaminant during the time period T1

(min) scheduled for the test calculated in a) above, from the injection flow rate Qi2 (l/min) and adding a safety

margin of 20 %:

Vi2 = 1,2 x T

1 x Q

i2 (7)

NOTE This total volume Vi2 can be prepared as required during the course of testing. A greater volume can be prepared

provided that the contaminant concentration conforms to that calculated in a) of this clause.

c) Calculate the concentration Ci2 (mg/l) of the contaminant in injection circuit N° 2:

i2

eei2 Q

QCC

×= (8)

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where

Ce = 100 mg/l;

Qe = 15 l/min.

d) Calculate the quantity M2 in grams of contaminant required to be introduced into the injection water in order to

conform to the previously calculated test conditions, according to the following equation:

000 1i2i2

2QCM ×

= (9)

7.1.4.2.3 Setting up injection circuits

a) Fill up the injection reservoirs and start the recirculation pumps.

b) Set the injection flow rates at the values selected in 7.1.4.2.1 c) and 7.1.4.2.2 a).

c) Put the decontamination filters of the injection circuits (see Figure 1, item 8C) into service and operate the systems until they contain less than 6 000 particles greater than 2 µm per 100 ml.

d) By-pass the decontamination filters (see Figure 1, item 8C).

e) Accurately measure the fluid volumes (Vi) in the injection circuits and add to each reservoir the mass M of contaminant determined in 7.1.4.2.1 f) and 7.1.4.2.2 d) previously dispersed in a small quantity of water sampled from the injection circuits taking care to properly rinse the containers.

NOTE Special attention should be paid to the dispersion of the high concentration contaminant. It is recommended to pour the completely dehydrated test dust into a bottle with a screw-cap having a capacity of 80 times the bulk volume of the contaminant, then to introduce a volume of fluid equal to 50 times this same bulk volume. The bottle is immersed in an ultrasonic tank for 1 min, then placed for 10 min in a pigment and paint shaker.

f) Operate the injection circuits for 10 min in order to homogenise the suspensions prior to starting to inject the contaminant into the test circuit.

7.1.4.3 Preparation of the test circuit

a) Install the filter housing (without filter element) into the main circuit prior to assembly. Make certain that the housing of the filter under test and all the additional piping are clean.

b) Adjust the volume of water in the circuit to (7,5 ± 0,375) l.

c) Start the circulation pump and the temperature regulation system. Set the flow rate at the test value Qe = (15 ± 0,3) l/min and the temperature at (23 ± 2) °C. In the case of an open circuit, adjust the mains make-up water flow rate in order to take into account the filtrate rejection and the sampling flow rates.

NOTE To ensure repeatable results the circuit water volume should remain constant within ± 5 % throughout the test duration.

d) Circulate the water through the test circuit decontamination filter until the particulate contamination levels reach the values specified in 7.1.4.1.1 (sampling valve 4B in Figure 1) and 7.1.4.1.2.2 (sampling valve 4C in Figure 1) and remain stable for at least 15 min. If necessary, install an additional decontamination filter in place of the filter under test.

e) Note the differential pressure ∆Pc across the filter housing alone.

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7.1.4.4 Filter efficiency and retention capacity test

a) Stop the main pump.

b) Install the filter element to be tested into the test housing and make sure to completely fill it up with test fluid. In the case of a pleated cartridge, its integrity shall have been previously established in accordance with Annex C.

c) Circulate the water at the specified test flow rate to within ± 2 % and control the temperature at (23 ± 2) °C.

d) Take three successive samples from each injection circuit and determine suspended solids concentration in accordance with EN 872.

e) Set the particle counter thresholds at the values defined in Table 3. Start the counters.

f) Leave the decontamination filter in operation.

g) Record the results obtained over a 5 min period in order to measure the initial cleanliness level.

h) Measure the differential pressure (∆Po) across the clean filter. The value obtained allows the determination of the differential pressure of the clean filter element (∆Peo) by subtraction of the differential pressure of the filter housing alone (∆P

c) as measured in 7.1.4.3 (∆Peo = ∆Po – ∆Pc).

i) Begin the test by starting the stop watch and the injection pump of circuit N° 1 to obtain an upstream concentration Ce = 5 mg/l. Alternate periods of 30 min at Ce = 5 mg/l with 60 min for pleated cartridges, or 15 min for depth cartridges, at Ce = 100 mg/l.

j) Operate the sampling devices upstream and downstream of the filter and count the particles for 30 s every minute during the periods where Ce = 5 mg/l. Interrupt the upstream counts by isolating the sensor with upstream sampling valve (see Figure 1, item 4B) during the periods at Ce = 100 mg/l.

k) Collect all of the fluid from the downstream sensor and measure the total final volume collected.

l) The test is continued until the differential pressure (dPF) of the element reaches 250 kPa (pleated cartridge),

150 kPa (depth cartridge). If at the end of 6 h this value is not reached, stop the test.

Where clogging occurs during a 100 mg/l phase, pass immediately to a 5 mg/l injection level and continue the test for 30 min.

For a depth cartridge, if clogging has not occurred by the end of 6 h, start the test again under the conditions given for a pleated cartridge.

If the differential pressure, after a rapid development, levels off and is maintained for 30 min, then the test is terminated by a last 30 min counting phase at Ce = 5 mg/l.

m) Stop the test as follows:

note the end of test time (TF) and the duration of the last clogging period at 100 mg/l (∆t100, PT );

disconnect the particle counters;

stop the main circuit pump;

note the fluid volume (VF) in l in the test circuit;

note the volume of the injection circuits and take three successive samples and determine suspended solids concentration in accordance with EN 872;

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stop the injection circuit pumps;

thoroughly mix the volume of fluid collected from the downstream sensor. Take a sample and determine suspended solids concentration in accordance with EN 872.

7.1.5 Expression of results

From the concentration value and the fluid volume recovered from the downstream sensor, calculate the mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD not retained during each period. Determine the retention capacity (CR) by subtracting the non-retained mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD from the injected mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD.

NOTE The mean of injected test dust lost by the upstream sampling line during phases at Ce= 5 mg/l is considered negligible.

Calculate from the cumulative and differential mode particle counts the cumulative and differential filtration efficiencies.

Graphically determine the reference filtration rating (S).

7.1.6 Test report

In addition to the reference to this document, the test report shall give the following information:

name of test laboratory;

operator’s name;

test date;

filter manufacturer;

product code;

batch number;

production number;

specified reference filtration rating;

specified retention capacity;

test fluid;

test flow rate;

test circuit volume;

initial cleanliness level of the system upstream and downstream;

end of test or final differential pressure;

type and reference of the sensors and particle counters;

injected mass;

total non retained mass;

table depicting cartridge fouling with time;

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curves and tables of the cumulated and differential, upstream and downstream, raw instantaneous counts vs test time;

cumulative overall mean filtration efficiency, per period and for all test vs particle size;

calculated reference filtration rating S in µm;

calculated retention capacity: CR= in g;

an example of a test report is given Annex A, A.1 and examples of efficiency curves are given in Annex B, Figure B.1.

7.2 Retention capacity

7.2.1 Principle

The retention capacity of a cartridge may be measured either while performing an efficiency test as defined in 7.1 or using the simplified protocol described below.

NOTE Depending on the type and the characteristics of the cartridge, the retention capacities obtained by the two protocols may differ. Only values measured with the same one are to be compared.

7.2.2 Test equipment

Use a filter test stand as specified in 7.1.2.1 with only one injection circuit (N° 2).

7.2.3 Procedure

7.2.3.1 Operating conditions

test flow rate: specified flow rate as defined on the product label;

test contaminant: ISO MTD or ISO CTD;

level of initial cleanliness:

injection circuit: not more than 6 000 particles greater than 2 µm per 100 ml;

main circuit up to take-off (see Figure 1, item 4B): not more than 800 particles greater than 2 µm per 100 ml;

end of test minimum differential pressure:

surface cartridge (e.g. pleated, strainers, ...): ∆PF = 250 kPa;

depth cartridge (e.g. wounded, bonded, ...) : ∆PF = 150 kPa;

backwashable filters: manufacturer's specified differential pressure that starts the back-flushing process.

7.2.3.2 Preparation of the contaminant injection circuit

Using the procedure described in 7.1.4.2.2, prepare the injection circuit so as to clog the element at the differential pressure stated in 7.2.2.1.

7.2.3.3 Preparation of the test circuit

Proceed per 7.1.4.3 adopting the initial contamination levels specified in 7.2.2.1.

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7.2.3.4 Retention capacity test

a) Stop the main pump and, in the case of an open circuit, isolate the mains water supply.

b) Install the filter element to be tested into the test housing or the filter body. In the case of a pleated cartridge, its integrity shall have been previously controlled in accordance with Annex C.

c) Circulate the water at the specified test flow rate to within ± 2 % adjusting, if necessary, the make-up water supply and control the temperature at (23 ± 2) °C.

d) Take three, successive samples from the injection circuit and determine their concentration by gravimetric analysis in accordance with EN 872.

e) For a closed circuit, leave the decontamination filter in operation.

f) Measure the differential pressure (∆Po) across the clean filter. The value obtained allows the determination of the differential pressure of the clean filter element (∆Peo) by subtraction of the differential pressure of the filter body alone ∆Pc as measured in 7.1.4.3 (∆Peo = ∆Po – ∆Pc).

g) Begin the test by starting the stop watch and the injection pump to obtain an upstream concentration Ce = 100 mg/l.

h) Continuously operate the sampling device downstream from the filter (see Figure 1, item 4C). Collect all of the fluid and measure the total final volume collected.

i) Continue the test until the differential pressure (dPF) of the element reaches the values specified in 7.2.2.1. If at

the end of 6 h this value is not reached, stop the test.

j) Ensure for the whole test that the operating conditions are maintained at the specified values, in particular, the test and injection flow rates and test fluid volume and temperature.

Stop tests as follows:

note the end of test time (TF);

stop the main circuit pump and shut off, if necessary, the mains water supply;

note the fluid volume (VF) in the test circuit;

note the volume of the injection circuit and take three successive samples for concentration measurement;

stop the injection circuit pump;

thoroughly mix the volume of fluid collected from the downstream sensor. Take a sample and determine suspended solids concentration in accordance with EN 872.

7.2.4 Expression of results

From the concentration value and the fluid volume recovered from the downstream sampling device, calculate the mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD not retained during the test. Determine the retention capacity (C

R) by subtracting the

non retained mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD from the injected mass of ISO MTD or ISO CTD.

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7.3 Differential pressure

7.3.1 Principle

The test consists of imposing an increasing flowrate of water through the filter housing with and without the filtering element and measure the corresponding differential pressure.


The test rig diagram is given on Figure 2.

Key 1 Reservoir 6 Filter to be tested or test housing 2 Pump 7 Differential pressure gauge 3 Clean-up filter 8 Pressure gauge 4 Temperature controller 9 Flow meter 5 Thermometer

Figure 2 — Typical layout of a rig for determining the differential pressure of a filter element versus flow rate

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The basic components of this test rig are:

a) source of pressurised water capable of supplying a flow rate 20 % greater than the maximum test flowrate. A suitable control device shall allow continuous variation of flowrate from zero to the desired value;

b) if required, use a reservoir that prevents air entrapment and air ingression;

c) temperature gauge and regulator at (23 ± 2) °C;

d) clean-up filter with reference filtration rating less than 1/5 of that of the test filter;

e) pressure tappings installed on a straight pipe on both side of the filter at a distance equal to approximately 6 times the inside diameter upstream and 4 times the downstream diameter;

f) test fluid: tap water freshly microfiltered.

7.3.3 Measuring instruments

Use instruments with the precision as follows:

flow rate: ± 2 % of actual value;

pressure: ± 2 % of actual value;

temperature: ± 0,5 °C.

7.3.4 Procedure

7.3.4.1 Test rig validation

Install the filter housing without element. Circulate the test fluid at 1,2 QN, where Q

N is the nominal fluid flow rate,

until the temperature stabilises at (23 ± 2) °C and, if necessary, until the circuit is clean. Ensure the absence of air and the stability of pressure values.

7.3.4.2 Test of the filter housing

a) First ensure that, without filter element, water flow is not significantly modified by the housing. If there is flow perturbation, install a substitute element (e.g. a perforated tube) that creates a flow path as similar as possible to that caused by the filter element. The section for passage through the substitute element shall be as large as possible to minimise the pressure drop. The characteristics of this substitute element shall be described in the test report.

b) Adjust the flow rate to 0,2 QV and note P1 and ∆P as well as the test liquid temperature.

c) Repeat these operations for increasing flow rate values corresponding to increments of 0,2 QV up to 1.2 QV.

d) For each flow rate increment calculate and record the differential pressure across the filter housing.

7.3.4.3 Test of the complete filter

a) Install the filter element in the filter housing and mount the assembly on the test rig. Make sure that the bypass is fully closed.

b) Establish circulation in order to expel the air from both the filter housing and the circuit.

c) Repeat the above operations in 7.3.4.2 b) to d), taking care to observe the same flow rate increments.

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7.3.4.4 Characteristics of the filter element only

Calculate the pressure drop generated by the filter element only, by deducting the values obtained with the housing only, from those measured on the filter housing together with its filter element.

7.3.5 Test report

Report all test conditions and results. Plot curves ∆P = f(QV) for the housing alone, for the complete assembly and for the filtering cartridge alone.

A typical test report is given in Annex A, A.2 and a typical test curve in Annex B, Figure B.3.

7.4 Cartridge collapse pressure

7.4.1 Principle

The purpose of this test is to check the capability of the filter cartridge to withstand the specified differential pressure of liquid in the normal direction of flow without collapse or burst.

The test consists of running a contaminated liquid at a specified flow rate through the filter until it clogs and until a predetermined loss of pressure is reached and then to verify that the cartridge is not visibly damaged.


7.4.2.1 Test rig

The test rig diagram is given on Figure 3.

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Key 1 Main reservoir 9 Injection reservoir 2 Main pump 10 Recirculation pump 3 Temperature regulator 11 Injection pump 4 Temperature indicator 12 Test filter 5 Differential pressure indicator 13 Test circuit 6 Flow meter 14 Injection circuit 7 Tap to control level 15 Sewage 8 Decontamination filter

Figure 3 — Diagram for the collapse/burst test rig

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7.4.2.1.1 Filter test circuit

The test circuit comprises the following equipment:

a) a main reservoir having a recommended cone angle of less than or equal to 90° and a capacity of about 6 l. The liquid enters below the surface so that no air is entrained;

b) a main pump capable of developing the maximum differential pressure and the flowrate as scheduled for the test. It shall be resistant to the highly concentrated contaminant used in the test;

c) the instruments to measure the temperature, the differential pressure and the flow rate at the filter connections, compatible with the specifications in 6.5;

d) piping and connectors, of the correct diameter and length, selected to ensure turbulent flow throughout the whole circuit to prevent particle segregation. The length of the piping shall be reduced to the minimum;

e) a temperature regulator to maintain the temperature at (23 ± 2) °C;

f) a drain line and valve to control the level in the main reservoir;

g) a decontamination filter.

7.4.2.1.2 Circuit for the injection of the contaminant

The injection circuit comprises the following equipment:

a) a conical bottom reservoir (see Figure 3, item 9) having a recommended cone angle of less than or equal to 90° and a capacity of about 6 l. It is equipped with a contents gauge. The return liquid enters below the liquid surface;

b) a recirculation pump (see Figure 3, item 10) generates a sufficient flow rate to ensure essentially perfect mixing under the test conditions. It shall be resistant to the contaminant used in the test and shall not cause degradation of the contaminant particles;

c) an injection pump (see Figure 3, item 11) to transfer the contaminated fluid from the recycle pipe at a point where the flow is turbulent and discharge it via a flexible pipe immersed in the tank of the main circuit.

7.4.2.2 Test housing

This can be the filter housing supplied by the cartridge manufacturer or a suitably adapted vessel.

7.4.2.3 Test liquid

Mains water.

7.4.2.4 Test contaminant

Silica dust as defined in ISO 12103-1 (FTD fine test dust, particle size 0 µm – 80 µm) to test element with a reference rating lower than 25 µm or ISO CTD (particle size 0 µm – 200 µm) for elements with a higher rating.

7.4.2.5 The measuring instruments shall have the following accuracy:

Flow rate: ± 5 %

Pressure: ± 5 %

Temperature: ± 1 °C

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In addition, they shall be resistant to the anticipated conditions of the test.

7.4.3 Procedure

For the application of this test, the following shall be specified:

the flow rate through the filter;

the nominal pressure of the housing and of the filter element alone;

the temperature of the liquid.

a) Rinse the both circuits 3 times by circulating the test liquid for 10 min at the maximum flow rate allowed by the installation (make sure the decontamination filter is isolated).

b) Check the integrity of the test filter element in accordance with Annex C.

c) Set up the test housing on the test rig without the filter cartridge.

d) Circulate the test liquid through the test housing at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C and at the manufacturer's specified flow rate. Note the test flow rate, the differential pressure dPc in the test housing alone and the temperature of the liquid.

e) Prepare the injection circuit by introducing into the reservoir about 6 l of mains water and a mass of contaminant 20 % greater than the mass M expected to generate the specified ∆P within about 1 h. A preliminary test may be necessary to determine the required mass M. Adjust the flow rate of the injection pump to about 5 l/h.

f) Set up the filter element in the test housing.

g) Subject the filter element to the specified flow rate and temperature as stated in d) of this clause. Note the differential pressure across the clean unit (dPo).

h) Put the injection pipe from the injection pump into the main reservoir and turn the pump on.

i) Maintain the test flow rate as specified in d) of this clause.

j) Record the differential pressure across the test housing:

if the differential pressure steadily increases, continue injecting the contaminant until the differential pressure is equal to that of the end test differential pressure and proceed as in k) of this clause;

if the differential pressure decreases or remains the same for at least 3 min (inflexion point) before the specified end of test differential pressure is reached: this means that either the filter cake has cracked and water is channelling through the cracks or there is a degradation in the structure of the filter element. If this is the case, follow the procedure in l) of this clause;

k) If there is a steady increase in the differential pressure,

when the end of test differential pressure is reached, stop the injection pump, put the decontamination filter into service, circulate the fluid for 30 min and record the filter cartridge ∆P;

stop the main pump. Then take the filter element out of the test housing and clean it taking care not to damage the filter unit ;

examine it carefully and make a note of any visible defects or distortions.

l) If there is a decrease in differential pressure before the end of test differential pressure is reached or if it remains the same,

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stop the injection pump. Then stop the main pump;

note the differential pressure at the inflection point on the curve ∆P = f(t) minus the differential pressure at the test container (∆Pc).

7.4.4 Acceptance criteria

If 30 min after completion of the injection the differential pressure across the filter element has not fallen and if there are no visual defects on the subsequently removed cartridge, the element has satisfied the test.

If there is a decrease of the differential pressure or if it remains the same, conclude that the filter element is not resistant to the specific differential pressure.

7.4.5 Test report

As well as reference to this document, the test report shall include the following information:

- name of the test laboratory;

name of the operator;

date of the test;


product code;

batch number;

production number;

filtration rating in accordance 7.1;

test temperature and flow rate;

contaminant retained;

specific differential pressure;

differential pressure across the new filter element and the filter housing;

differential pressure measured at the end of the scheduled test;

the bubble point or air permeability of the new filter element;

differential pressure growth curve throughout the testing time;

observations and descriptions of possible defects;

An example of a test report is given in Annex A, A.3 and a typical collapse curve in Annex B, Figure B.4.

7.5 Cartridge cyclic pressure resistance

7.5.1 Principle

The filter is subjected to cyclic differential pressure in order to simulate fatigue experienced in the normal service life of the cartridge.

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The outcome of the test is determined by comparing the values of the bubble point before and after the flow cycles and examination of the cartridge for visible evidence of damage.

7.5.2 Equipment and reagents

7.5.2.1 Test rig

The test rig is shown in Figure 4.

Key 1 Test reservoir 6 Differential pressure gauge 2 Pump 7 Flow meter 3 Pressure regulator 8 Heat exchanger 4 Solenoid valve 9 Temperature sensor and regulator 5 Filter under test 10 Decontamination filter

Figure 4 — Diagram of the cyclic pressure resistance test rig

The test rig comprises the following components:

a) a conical bottom reservoir with at least a 5 l capacity;

b) pump, preferably of the gear type;

c) solenoid valve operated by a pulse generator;

d) temperature regulation device;

e) test housing. This can be the filter housing supplied by the cartridge manufacturer or a suitably adapted assembly;

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f) pressure gauge and differential pressure gauge compatible in terms of range and sensitivity with the test specifications;

g) counter to record the number of flow cycles;

h) flow meter compatible with the test specifications and accurate to 2 %;

i) a device for measuring and recording the temperature, the flow rate and the differential pressure with a frequency response compatible with the flow rate cycle;

j) decontamination filter with a maximum reference filtration rating of 1/2 of that of the test filter.

7.5.2.2 Test liquid

a) Mains supply water, microfiltered before use through a fine filter, preferably rated at 1 µm or less. Fresh water shall be used, the reservoir should not be filled more than 24 h before use;

b) alternatively, glycerol solution or any other liquid miscible in water and compatible with the filter and with a viscosity at room temperature such that it will develop a differential pressure of 200 kPa across the filter at a flow rate of between 10 l/min and 20 l/min.


a) Set up the test container or filter unit.

b) Attach the pressure gauge to the point where the liquid flows into the test container.

c) Regulate the temperature to (23 ± 2) °C and the flow rate to (15 ± 3) l/min.

d) Run 10 cycles varying the flow through the filter from zero to that required to generate a pressure drop of 200 kPa (see 6.6) at a frequency of 0,05 Hz.

e) Record the upstream pressure.

f) Check there is no surge in pressure greater than 10 kPa.

7.5.4 Method of operation

a) Check the quality of the cartridge in accordance with Annex C.

b) Mount the filter unit or test container on the test rig without the cartridge.

c) Circulate at least 10 unit volumes of the liquid through the decontamination filter.

d) Measure the differential pressure for six flow rate values through the empty test container at a rate of between 10 l/min and 20 l/min and at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C.

e) Put the filter element into the test container.

f) Adjust the temperature to (23 ± 2) °C and regulate the output to obtain a net differential pressure of 200 kPa on the filter.

g) Set up the timer such that the solenoid valve varies the rate of flow through the filter element from zero to that required to generate a pressure drop of 200 kPa (see 6.6) with a cycle variation frequency of 0,05 Hz, for 500 cycles.

h) Record the differential pressure throughout the test. Check there is a plateau reached at maximum and minimum pressure.

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i) When the stabilised differential pressure drops by more than 10 % compared with the initial value specified in f) of this subclause, make a note of the number of cycles and stop the test.

j) Carefully rinse the filter element with water to remove all trace of the test liquid and dry it carefully.

k) Check the quality of the element in accordance with Annex C.


a) The net differential pressure shall remain within the limits of ± 10 % of that specified in 7.5.4 f) throughout the test.

b) There shall be no visible fault in the structure of the filter cartridge.

c) The bubble point after the test shall be within 15 % of the initial value.

7.5.6 Test report

As well as reference to this document, the test report shall include the following information:

name of the test laboratory;

name of the operator;

date of the test;


product code;

batch number;

production number;

filtration rating in accordance with 7.1;

test liquid, type, test temperature, mass by volume, kinematic viscosity;

percentage difference between the bubble point or air permeability before and after the test;

test flowrate;

differential pressure at the container ends and net differential pressure at the beginning and end of the test;

number of cycles that were scheduled and the number of cycles carried out;

differential pressure variation curve;

observations.

An example of a test report is given in Annex A, A.4.

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7.6 Particle shedding

7.6.1 Principle

The test consists of circulating microfiltered water through the filter element in the normal direction of flow at a specified flow rate and determining the number of particles and/or fibres in the outlet of the filter which emanate from the filter fabric.

7.6.2 Equipment and reagents

7.6.2.1 Test rig

The test rig is shown in Figure 5.

Key 1 Pressurised water supply 5 Clean-up filter 2 Ball valve 6 Pressure indicator 3 Flow metering device 7 Test filter cartridge 4 Flow regulating valve 8 Clean bottle

Figure 5 — Diagram of apparatus to verify cleanliness

The test rig comprises:

a) a clean-up filter, located immediately upstream of the test filter, capable of satisfying the validation requirements of the blank test specified in 7.6.3.2;

b) the test filter, a test container or filter housing which accommodates the filter element;

c) piping fitted with a ball valve to connect the mains water supply to the test container or filter housing;

d) a flow regulator located at the inlet of the clean-up filter;

e) a flow measuring device which can be a flow meter or a stopwatch used in combination with a graduated cylinder or any suitable volumetric measuring equipment;

f) three ultra clean sample containers (see 7.1.2.6), with lids, which will hold 5 l of filtrate.

7.6.2.2 Test fluid

Mains supply water, microfiltered before use through a fine filter, preferably rated at 1 µm or less at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. Fresh water shall be used, the reservoir should not be filled more than 24 h before use.

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The blank test is designed to check the cleanliness of the whole circuit excluding the test filter.

7.6.3.1 Blank test

a) Set up the test container or the filter housing without the element.

b) Open the ball valve.

c) Adjust the test flow rate to the manufacturer's specification using flow regulating valve.

d) Allow 25 l of water to run to waste without altering the flow rate.

e) Collect a sample of 5 l at the point of exit of the test housing.

f) Count particles in a sample of 500 ml taken from the 5 l sample according to the procedure described in 7.6.5.

7.6.3.2 Validation criteria

The test rig is validated if the 500 ml sample contains not more than 8 000 particles greater than 2 µm per litre.

7.6.4 Procedure

a) Install the filter or filter element to be tested.

b) Using a clean cartridge, adjust flow regulating valve to obtain the manufacturer's specified flow rate. Then replace with an unused cartridge for the test.

c) Open the ball valve and flush the element with water to the manufacturer's instructions.

d) Sample 5 l of filtrate.

e) Measure and note the water temperature to within 1 °C.

f) As soon as the 5 l sample has been taken, close the ball valve.

7.6.5 Sample analysis

Each of the samples taken in 7.6.3 and 7.6.4 is treated as follows:

a) homogenise the sample by stirring vigorously and immediately extract a sub-sample of 500 ml into ultraclean receptacle;

b) filter this sample under vacuum using a 0,8 µm membrane;

c) using a microscope, count the fibres and the particles and report their number per litre at various sizes in the ranges from 5 µm to 15 µm, from 15 µm to 25 µm, from 25 µm to 50 µm, from 50 µm to 100 µm and greater than 100 µm.


The number of fibres and particles found in each size range shall not be greater than the manufacturer's specification.

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7.6.7 Test report

In addition to the reference to this document, the test report shall include the following elements:

name of test laboratory;

name of operator;

date of test;

manufacturer of filter element;

product code;

batch number;

production number;

reference filtration rating in accordance with 7.1;

test fluid (freshly filtered mains water);

temperature of microfiltered water;

number of fibres and particles per litre found at various size ranges.

An example of a test report is given in Annex A, A.5.

7.7 Housing pressure test

The housing and cartridge shall be tested as an assembly in accordance with EN 13443-1:2002, 7.1.2.

7.8 Housing cyclic pressure test

The housing and cartridge shall be tested as an assembly in accordance with EN 13443-1:2002, 7.1.3.

8 Technical documents, labelling and marking

8.1 Technical documents

Mechanical filters shall be accompanied by a technical product description with comprehensive instructions for installation, operation and maintenance.

Instructions for cartridge filters shall provide the following information:

frequency and conditions for cartridge replacement;

opening and draining of filter;

removal and disposal of filter element;

correct and hygienic insertion of replacement filter element.

The instruction manual shall include a pressure drop chart up to 100 kPa. In the case of back-washable filters, information regarding frequency of back-washing and the method of discharging the back-wash water in accordance with EN 1717 shall be specified.

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8.2 Marking

The direction of flow of the water through the filter shall be permanently and clearly marked on the filter housing. It shall be visible after installation.

8.3 Labelling

8.3.1 Filter housing

A label shall be permanently fixed to the filter and be clearly legible in operation after the filter has been installed. It shall include as a minimum, the following information:

a) manufacturer or supplier's name;

b) size of connections;

c) nominal flow rate, in m3/h, for a specified pressure drop, in kPa;

d) nominal pressure, in kPa;

e) maximum water temperature, in °C;

f) certification mark;

g) filter type/designation (part number).

8.3.2 Filter element

The filter element packaging shall provide the following information:

a) manufacturer or supplier's name;

b) type of cartridge;

c) designation (part number);

d) reference filtration rating, in µm;

e) maximum differential pressure, in kPa;

f) nominal flow rate, in m3/h;

g) maximum temperature, in °C;

h) suitable housing(s).

Items a), b), c) and d) above shall be identified on a label to be fixed close to the housing after the cartridge has been installed.

NOTE The cartridge label should clearly specify the manufacturer, filter type and designation of the housing(s) for which the cartridge meets the requirements of this document.

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Annex A (informative)

Typical test reports

A.1 Filtration efficiency and retention capacity

TEST REPORT No …./…. FILTRATION EFFICIENCY AND RETENTION CAPACITY

In accordance with EN 13443-2

A.1.1 Filter identification

Filter housing reference : Filter element reference : XXX Operator : AB

A.1.2 Operating conditions

Date : 02/02/2000

Test fluid : Type : microfilter water Initial cleanliness : Upstream 34,7 part>3 µm/ml

Temperature : 21 °C Downstr 17,3 part > 3 µm/ml

Test contaminant : Type : ISO MTD Batch n° 4850 M

Test circuit : Upstream concentration

Test flow : 15 l/min Counting period : 5,0 mg/l

Volume : 50 l Clogging period : 49,9 mg/l

Injection circuit

Concentration (mg/l)

Flow rate (l/h)

Initial Final Average

Efficiency period 4,0 1 123 1 123 1 123

Clogging period 4,0 11 230 11 230 11 230

Counting circuit

Meter Sensor Flow rate(ml/min)

Volume (ml)

Upstream HIAC 8000 (IFTS LAB 110) HIAC HRLD 400 (IFTS LAB 83) 20 10

Downstream HIAC 8000A (IFTS LAB 109) HIAC HRLD 400 (IFTS LAB 84) 20 10

A.1.3 Results

Filter element integrity

bubble point : 20 hPa Fluid : Isopropanol Temperature : 20 °C

Differential pressure at test flowrate

Filter housing : 20 hPa Clean unity : 37 hPa

Clean element : 17 hPa Element final ∆P : 2 541 hPa

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Table A.1 — Clogging

Period n° 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ce (mg/L) 50 49,9 5,0 49,9 5,0

Time (min) 26 91 118 173 200

Differential pressure (hPa)

37 38 667 703 2 462 2 541

Injected mass (g)

1,9 50,6 52,6 93,8 95,8

Retention capacity

Injected mass M = 95,8 g

Counting results Upstream/Downstream see Figure B.1

Table A.2— Beta ratio (Rd) and filtration efficiency (E%) (for each period and average)

Cumulated counts (N/ml) Threeshold (µm) Period

d>3 Rd E%

d<6 Rd E%

d<8 Rd E%

d<10 Rd E%

d<12 Rd E%

d<15 Rd E%

d<20 Rd E%

d<25 Rd E%

Initial upstream couting

35 28 26 23 22 21 17 14

1 Upstream 8 442 4,98 3 034 9,56 1 520 15,99 683 36,69 350 78,93 154 360,57 54 2 422,25 28 5 019,00

Downstream 1 697 79,90 317 89,54 95 93,75 19 97,27 4 98,73 0 99,72 0 99,96 0 99,98

2 Upstream 7 890 14,65 2 812 21,77 1 412 32,22 626 60,80 311 109,10 127 285,12 35 1 042,33 14 3 563,00

Downstream 538 93,18 129 95,41 44 96,90 10 98,36 3 99,08 0 99,65 0 99,90 0 99,97

3 Upstream 7 851 15 2 765 24 1 370 37 603 73 297 139 119 403 32 8 395 12

Downstream 535 93,18 113 95,90 37 97,32 8 98,64 2 99,28 0 99,75 0 99,99 0 100,00

4 Upstream

Downstream

5 Upstream

Downstream

6 Upstream

Downstream

Average Upstream 8 061 8,73 2 870 15,37 1 434 24,50 637 51,48 319 101,68 134 342,42 41 2 013,67 18 5 652,68

Downstream 924 88,54 187 93,58 59 95,92 12 98,06 3 99,02 0 99,71 0 99,95 0 99,98

A.2 Differential pressure/flow rate

TEST REPORT No …./…. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE VERSUS FLOW RATE


Test laboratory : …………………………………. Test date : …………….. Operator : ………………………………….

A.2.1 Filter and element identification

Manufacturer : ……………………….. Element ID : ………………………….. Housing ID : …………………………..Reference flowrate (m

3/h) : …….. m3 RFT (µm) : ……………………………. Bubble point (kPa) : ………………….

Substitute element description : …………………………………………………..

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Test fluid : …………………………… Temperature (°C) : ………………….. Viscosity at °C (mm2/s) :

A.2.3 Test results

1. Instantaneous results

Flow rate a Completer filter Filter bousing only Filter element

P1 b P2 ∆∆∆∆P P1 P2 ∆∆∆∆P f – j Rated Measured

a b c d e f c - f

0,2 Qv

0,4 Qv

0,6 Qv

0,8 Qv

1,0 Qv

1,2 Qv

1,0 Qv

0,8 Qv

0,6 Qv

0,4 Qv

0,2 Qv

a The flow rate values indicated are suggestions. The values of the flow rate may be modified in accordance with the requirements of the test procedure.

b Specify the relative pressure and pressure differential units.

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2. Average values

Flow rate a Average ∆P a

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2

Complete filter

Filter housing

Filter element

A.2.4 Observations

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

report

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A.3 Verification of cartridge collapse pressure

TEST REPORT No …./…. VERIFICATION OF CARTRIDGE COLLAPSE PRESSURE


Name of test laboratory.................................................... Test date.........................

Name of operator..............................................................

A.3.1 Identification of filter element 1)

Manufacturer.................................................................. Batch n°....................................…. Product code n°....................................................……… Production n°................................. Reference Filtration Rating…………………..............….µm Specified differential pressure.......................................kPa Predicted bubble point...………………………………… kPa or predicted air permeability.............................… ……kPa


Test liquid : mains water Test contaminant:........................ Batch n°.......................... Test flow rate.........................................................l/min Test temperature:…………………………..............°C End test differential pressure: dPf = ......................kPa

A.3.3 Test Results

Bubble point :.........................……………........ kPa Air permeability:................................................ kPa Differential pressure at start of test Filter housing alone : dPc = ...............................kPa Filter housing + filter element : dPo =.................kPa Clean filter element : dPco = dPo - dPc = ........... kPa Visual examination : Deformation or defects of filter element : YES NO2) Resist to specific differential pressure: YES NO 2) Differential pressure at point of inflexion : dPi = ......................................kPa

A.3.4 Observations

.......................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................

1) Information supplied by the manufacturer before the test.

2) Delete as appropriate.

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A.4 Verification of resistance to fatigue due to flow rate cyclic variations

TEST REPORT No …./…. VERIFICATION OF THE RESISTANCE TO FATIGUE DUE TO FLOW RATE CYCLIC VARIATIONS



Name of operator..............................................................


Manufacturer.................................................................... Batch n°...................................... Product code n°.................................................................. Production n°............................ Filtration threshold reference (see EN_____)................µm


Test liquid : Freshly microfiltered water at ................µm Type.................................................................................... Test temperature.……………….........................°C ± 2 °C Density at the test temperature............................kg/m3 Kinematic viscosity at the test temperature..............mm2/s Test flowrate...................................................................... Number of cycles scheduled: 500

A.4.3 Test Results

Bubble Point before test : ...................kPa ±.............….......kPa after test : ..................... kPa ± ...………........kPa

Percentage difference : Differential pressure at the test container connections : .................................................. Net differential pressure before test : ............................................................................... Net differential pressure after test : .................................................................................. Variation in differential pressure during the test: see attached curve

Number of cycles carried out : ................................................................................

Visual examination : ................................................................................................

Deformation : YES NO Degradation: YES NO

A.4.4 Observations

.......................................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................


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A.5 Verification of cleanliness

TEST REPORT No …./…. VERIFICATION OF CLEANLINESS



Name of operator..............................................................


Manufacturer : ………………………………. Batch N° : ………………………………..

Product code : ………………………………… Production N° : …………………………..

Reference filtration rating: …………………………………… µm


Test fluid : mains water freshly microfiltered at : …………. µm

Test flow rate: ……………….. l/h

Temperature : …………………°C ± 1 °C

A.5.3 Test results

Number of particles and fibres per 1 l

Particle size (µm) ≥ 5 to < 15 ≥ 15 to < 25 ≥ 25 to < 50 ≥ 50 to < 100 ≥ 100 Fibres

Blank

Test sample


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Annex B (informative)

Typical graphical representation of test results

This annex shows typical graphical representation of test results (see Figures B.1 to B.4).

Key 1 Number of particles N/l 2 Test time (min)

Figure B.1 — Typical curve of number of particles upstream and downstream of a cartridge vs time

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Key 1 Differential pressure (hPa) 2 Test time (min)

Figure B.2 — Typical clogging curve

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Key 1 Differential pressure (hPa) 2 Flow rate (l/min) 3 Cartridge 4 Housing

Figure B.3 — Typical differential pressure versus flow rate curve

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Key 1 Differential pressure (hPa) 2 Injected mass (g)

Figure B.4 — Typical collapse curve

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Annex C (normative)

Integrity inspection and measurement of first bubble point

C.1 Scope

This annex specifies a method for controlling integrity or fabrication conformity of filter cartridges using the measurement of the pressure of first bubble point.

C.2 Principle

The cartridge is immersed in a wetting liquid and rotated. The air pressure inside the cartridge is slowly increased and the air pressure at which a stream of bubbles first appears is recorded.

C.3 Test equipment and materials

C.3.1 Test stand

Key 1 Filter cartridge 5 Pressure gauge 2 Test liquid 6 0,2 µm filter 3 Reservoir 7 Pressure regulator 4 Temperature indicator/controller 8 Nitrogen supply

Figure C.1 — Diagram of typical integrity inspection and first bubble point test stand

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The basic components of the test stand are:

Source of compressed air or nitrogen, dried, deoiled, filtered at 0,2 µm, with a pressure regulator up to 1 000 kPa (1 bar) with a precision of 5 % of the set read value;

a reservoir and the mechanical, manual or automated equipment to rotate element;

a temperature regulator and measuring device for the test liquid;

a device for wetting the element in the test liquid under vacuum.

C.3.2 Test liquid

Isopropanol or alternative as appropriate with a known surface tension and filtered at 0,2 µm.

C.3.3 Tensiometer

Use a correctly calibrated tensiometer with a stirrup to determine the surface tension of the test liquid in accordance with ISO 304.

C.4 Procedure

a) Measure and record the surface tension and temperature at the test liquid. If liquid is reused for several serial tests, change it as soon as its surface tension varies by more than 1 % from the initial value.

b) Wet the filter cartridge by immersing it in the test liquid and maintain it under a vacuum of 500 kPa for a period of 15 min.

c) Break vacuum.

d) While maintaining the element immersed or wetted, place it in the test apparatus first filled in with test liquid so that its rotation axis is parallel with the surface of the liquid.

e) Adjust the level of the liquid to be at (10 ± 2) mm above the element. Verify that the temperature is between 15 °C and 25 °C.

f) Apply a progressively increasing pressure of gas inside the element by steps of 0,5 kPa and ensure a total rotation at each step. Stop the pressure increase when a stream of bubbles arises from a point on the surface of the cartridge. Record the corresponding pressure and liquid temperature.

g) Reduce pressure to atmospheric.

h) Repeat operations C.3.2 b) to C.3.6 f) twice with a wetting period of 15 min.

C.5 Test results

a) Correct pressure values measured in C.4 g) to bring them back to 20 °C.

T

20T20 γ

γPP = (10)

PT is the first bubble pressure at T °C, in kPa;

P20 is the first bubble pressure at 20 °C, in kPa;

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γT is the surface tension at T °C, in N/m;

γ20 is the surface tension at 20 °C, in N/m.

b) Print test report with all operating conditions and test results.

C.6 Criteria for acceptance

Calculate the standard deviation of the three pressure values.

If the standard deviation is greater than ± 5 %, repeat the test.

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Bibliography

[1] 98/83/EC, Council Directive of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption

Documents

EN 13443-2 Filter