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Page 1 of 45
EMS News
City of Virginia Beach • Department of EMS July 2013
IRA
+
Inside This Issue
2 Member Achievements
2 VBEMS Promotion, Recognition, and Graduation
Ceremony
3 VBEMS Recruitment and Retention
3 Orientation
4 VBEMS Operations
6 Courses for Interns/New Members
7 VBEMS Administration
9 VBEMS Training
16 VBEMS Training & Cert
16 Defensive Driving
17 EVOC
18 ALS Release Classes
18 12-Lead ECG Classes
19 CPR Recert
20 BLS CE Courses
21 ALS CE Courses
28 Enhanced CE Classes
29 Quick Glance Calendar
31 Professional Growth and Development
31 Additional Training Links
32 Newsletters’ Sites
33 EMSAT Courses
34 TEMS Family Picnic
37 VBEMS MCI Drills
42 General Information
Our Vision We are the leader in the emergency medical services field and the community is confident in our services.
Our Mission The mission of the Department of Emergency Medical Services is to deliver valued services to the community that preserve life, improve health, and promote the safety of citizens and visitors, who live, learn, work and play in our community while maintaining a sustainable systems approach that is focused on dynamic resource utilization to enhance the overall quality of life in Virginia Beach.
Submitted By Susan Palmer Recruitment Officer
EMS CHIEF ANNOUNCES NEW DIVISION CHIEF Emergency Medical Services Chief Bruce Edwards has selected Jason Stroud to become the new EMS Division Officer, replacing Bruce Nedelka who is retiring at the end of the month. Mr. Stroud was a member of the Virginia Beach Volunteer Rescue Squad from 1998 to 2005 and employed as a Paramedic with the City of Portsmouth until 2005. From 2004 to 2006 he was a career medic with VBEMS that included an Instruction Supervisor assignment from 2005-2006 in the Training Division.
In 2006, Jason became the Deputy Director of Public Safety for Campbell County, Va., where he was responsible for the creation and administration of a new EMS Division. Using Virginia Beach EMS as a model during his tenure with Campbell County, Jason coordinated efforts with the six volunteer rescue squads for training, recruitment and the hiring of an initial team of Paramedics to augment volunteer staffing.
In 2011, Jason became the Special Operations Coordinator with the District of Columbia Department of Health and served on the Mayor’s Special Events Task Group. He was responsible for medical planning for major events such as the National July 4th Celebration and the Dedication of the Martin Luther King Memorial. Jason also served as the D.C. Department of Health Operations Section Chief for the earthquake that occurred in Mineral, Virginia, Hurricane Irene and numerous Hazardous Materials (and WMD) incidents.
Mr. Stroud holds an Associate’s Degree in EMS from Central Virginia Community College, a Bachelor’s Degree in Health Sciences from Liberty University and is completing a Master’s Degree in Public Policy from Liberty University. Jason is married with two daughters (one 8 year old and one 4 month old). Please join us in welcoming Jason back to Virginia Beach!
Page 2 of 45
Virginia Beach Department of EMS Promotion,
Recognition, and Graduation Ceremony August 27, 2013 AT 18:00 HRS
The Virginia Beach Department of EMS Promotion, Recognition and Graduation Ceremony will be held at the Fire/EMS Training Center
located at 927 S. Birdneck Road, Virginia Beach. The event is open to all and refreshments will be served following the ceremony. Please join
us in welcoming the newest members of our EMS family!
EMS News is published monthly by the EMS Department for all members of the Virginia Beach EMS system. Submissions must be received by the 17th of the month prior to the issue date. Electronic submissions are preferred.
Fire/EMS Training Center, 927 S. Birdneck Road, Virginia Beach, VA 23451.
Senior Editor ∙ Ruby Christian Assistant Editor ∙ Mary Anne Myers
Member Achievements
May 2013
Released as AIC/Driver
Steven Dillon, R9, AIC/DR Jacqualyn Irons, R9, AIC/DR Michael Rahuba, R4, AIC/DR
Mark Falguera, R9, DR Christine Isca, R14, DR Rebekah Rosie, R14, AIC/DR
Daniel Fantino, R16, AIC/DR Trevor Lee, R14, AIC/DR Adam Simmons, R16, AIC/DR
Thomas Houghton, R9, AIC/DR Mallory Myers, R9, AIC Auston Stewart, R14, AIC/DR Christina Irey, R16, AIC/DR Sean Noona, R14, AIC/DR Bryant Stunda, R16, AIC/DR
Becky Teal, R16, AIC/DR Melanie Wayne, R16, DR
June 2013
Released as Enhanced Tracy Hegglund, R13
Page 3 of 45
Retention
Saturday, July 13, 2013, 10:00 - 15:00
The 2013 TEMS Annual EMS Family Picnic and Awards Program to be held at the Virginia Zoo on July 13th from 10 am to 3pm. Admission to the VA Zoo is free to all
registered attendees. Attendees will be required to show proof of membership/employment with a Public Safety Department or Hospital in the TEMS
region in order to get a bracelet for the event. All guests must go to the registration table with a public safety member in order to gain admittance.
Click this link to register for the picnic - Susan Palmer
- Susan Palmer
Orientation Dates Here are the dates for upcoming Orientation classes for potential new members. All classes will be
held at the EMS Admin office, 477 Viking Drive, Suite 130. Contact the Department Receptionist at 385-1999 to register:
Monday, July 15 6:00 p.m. Saturday, August 3 9:30 a.m. Saturday, July 20 9:30 a.m. Monday, August 12 6:00 p.m. Wednesday, July 24 10:00 a.m. Wednesday, August 21 10:00 a.m.
- Geri Autunno .
VBEMS Recruitment and Retention
Page 4 of 45
OSCAR – Online Scheduling System
The OSCAR – Online Scheduling System Duty Requests are due by the 10th of the preceding month.
Submit your Duty Requests on www.frompaper2web.com/OSCARTRACK
By Christi Budy Captain
Are you documenting your procedures?
Make sure that you are listing all of the procedures that you perform for your patient in the EMR. Choices include wound care, splinting, BVM, oral/nasal airways, LBB, suction, KED, time of extrication, CPR, intubation, IV and many, many more items.
Remember that skills and procedures completed by engine crews should also be included here. The section where you can list things “prior to arrival” is for bystanders and police. A good rule of thumb is if the person is listed in the EMR (fire and EMS), the skill they perform should be listed in the detailed procedure section with the time, size, location, etc.
VBEMS Operations
Page 5 of 45
Submitted By Christi Budy Captain
STEMI care---Goals and Expectations The ideal situation for a STEMI is that a patient calls 911 within 5-10 minutes of developing chest pain. EMS arrives, obtains a 12 lead, transmits the 12 lead and treats with nitrates, IV, etc. The patient arrives at the ED and the cath team takes them to the cath lab immediately. From start to finish, the goal is to reduce as much heart muscle damage as possible. Hospitals are still using the goal for door to balloon (arrival at the hospital to reperfusion in the cath lab) of 90 minutes or less. Since time is muscle, the current AHA and Mission Lifeline goal is first medical contact to balloon which means EMS times are included in that 90 minutes. They have provided guidelines such as process times, data to collect, procedures, education and other best practices. It is allowing hospitals and agencies to work together even more than before. Here are some things that we are already doing or can do a little better: All CP patients receive a 12 lead and all 12 leads are transmitted to the hospital. This
includes patients at a doctor’s office unless you can personally verify that a previous EKG was sent and received by the receiving hospital.
Obtain a 12 lead within 10 minutes or less of patient contact. Our average for ALS onscene to 12 lead was 15 minutes for 2012. Obviously, there may be a delay if the ambulance carrying the 12 lead machine isn’t on scene yet. If that is the case, things should be prepped to obtain it immediately upon their arrival. (Don’t forget to attach to your patient record in EMR)
Early notification---transmit the EKG as soon as possible after obtaining one. This gives the cath team more notice.
15 minutes onscene time. Just like a trauma onscene time goal of 10 minutes, the less time you spend on scene, the better. Our 2012 onscene average was 17 minutes. There isn’t much you can do about transport times but choosing the best route and safely using lights and sirens when appropriate can shorten time.
Transport directly to a STEMI receiving center. Currently, our STEMI hospitals include VBGH, SLH and CGH. This eliminates the need for transfers and delays in getting to the cath lab. Consider air transport if the transport time will be more than 30 minutes by ground but call early.
There are some exciting new things coming very soon. In addition to educational opportunities from our hospitals and some new protocol updates in the coming months, we are working with VBGH to obtain great feedback from STEMI cases that will be shared with the crew members involved.
If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Captain Christi Budy at [email protected]
Page 6 of 45
By Christi Budy Captain
Courses for Interns and New Members
In addition to current OSHA, in order to be an AIC, Interns must complete a HazMat course and IS 100, IS 200, IS 700 and IS 800 courses prior to being released. Please ensure we have the certificates on file or visit the websites below to complete the courses which are available online and free!
HazMat Terrorism Awareness for Emergency First Responders [AWR160]
http://www.teexwmdcampus.com/
1) Select New User and register. 2) Go to “Course Catalog” and select the course. 3) Enroll and begin. Some like to print out each quiz for use during the final exam. There is a pdf file link containing info from the Emergency Response Guidebook included. Once you have passed the final exam, return to the course completion page and print your certificate, and provide a copy of the certificate to EMS Admin.
IS 100, IS 200, IS 700, and IS 800
Introduction to Incident Command System [IS-100.b]
http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is100b.asp
ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents [IS-200.b] http://training.fema.gov/EMIWEB/IS/IS200b.asp
National Incident Management System (NIMS) - An Introduction [IS-700.a]
http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is700a.asp
National Response Framework, An Introduction [IS-800.b] http://training.fema.gov/EMIWEB/IS/IS800b.asp
Take the final exam for each course. Be sure to print out each page of the exam before continuing. For both FEMA courses, you will be notified by email whether or not you passed. Follow directions on the web site for printing your certificate, and provide a copy of the certificate to EMS Admin.
Alternative courses may be allowed and can be submitted to Geri Autunno at EMS Admin for possible approval. If you need help accessing a computer, please contact EMS Admin or EMS Training for
assistance or consider using one at your station.
Page 7 of 45
ASK THE CHIEF
(Andrew Lane and Jackie Reith from station 4 with Chief Edwards)
[email protected]. The purpose of this communication path is to give you an unrestricted communication path to me.
It is designed to increase general communications and provide a pathway to connect with the EMS Chief.”
It is more important now than ever to ensure open lines of communication. You have many excellent ideas and a drive and motivation to make us even better and I want to hear these directly from you.
Submitted items that serve the Department as a whole will be shared in our Department Newsletter, published once a month. Direct responses will be provided to members who include their email address.
I value each one of you and the quality service you provide. Keep up the great work!
Bruce W. Edwards EMS Chief
By Bill Kiley Deputy Chief
Save the date! A request was made in our January Town Hall meeting, that EMS create a leadership course specifically designed and offered to Virginia Beach EMS personnel to help in gathering those skill sets necessary to advance to the level of Squad Commander or perhaps Brigade Chief. Therefore, we ask you to save the dates, the evening of Friday July 26 and Saturday July 27. This Friday evening and Saturday day class will go over the leadership strategies and organization philosophy of the Department to make you a better leader. All current and potential leaders are welcome… MORE TO COME.
VBEMS Administration
Page 8 of 45
By Lynette Dimitry ` Retention Officer
Coming Soon We are working on creating electronic evaluations for our Interns. The evaluations would be on Oscar Track. We are still in the testing phase and will be advising when they go live. More to follow soon.
Are all of you logged on? Every member on duty MUST be logged into CAD via the MDT and MUST be listed on the patient care reports in the EMR. Please make sure that everyone on the call is listed in both places including interns and students. If there is a crew member who is not available on the list in the EMR, there is an issue and they should not be on duty until you
can resolve the issue.
If you are having log in problems with the MDT (the system won’t accept your information) you should contact Geri Autunno [email protected]
at EMS Admin.
If you are having log in issues with EMR, you can contact Kathryn Brooks
[email protected] if you can’t retrieve your password from Service
Bridge. HTTPS://VBEMS.EMSBRIDGE.COM.
By Christi Budy
Captain
Page 9 of 45
Submitted By John Bianco Division Chief
CE Classes Because you asked and to provide a more uniform starting time for our CE programs, beginning August 2013 daytime CE classes will typically begin at 0830 hours and evening classes will typically begin at 1800 hours. Previously, there were multiple starting times for daytime classes that led to confusion and denials for late entry. Still, classes start promptly at the time listed and you are encouraged to plan to arrive early in case you encounter delays. OEMS regulations do not permit for CE credits to be earned if more than 15 minutes of the course is missed and all missed time must be made up.
Submitted By John Bianco Division Chief
Check your Barcodes Please ensure your proper certification number and level are indicated on the back of your EMS ID to ensure you can receive CE credits. The Fire Department also indicated they will bar code their IDs with OEMS certification numbers. Beginning 1.1.2014 our Training Center will begin to solely utilize bar code scanning for CE credits. Since IDs are required of City employees in City ID this should be very convenient. If you do not remember your ID, then be sure to carry your VDH certification card as they have been providing barcoded VDH certification cards for the past couple of years to all providers upon initial certification and recertification. This barcode provides the opportunity to be greener, reduce bubbling errors on the current CE cards and reduce the time from CE class completion to CE credits posting in your OEMS Portal. Therefore, beginning in the first quarter of FY14, all CE programs offered through the Department of EMS will move to only scanned CEs and elimination of the bubble card. At such time, you will have to have a valid and current Virginia Beach EMS or Fire ID properly barcoded or your barcoded VDH state certification to receive CE credit from the Department for programs competed. Please stop by EMS Admin or Training to obtain your new ID (yes, they will check to see if your OSHA, CPR, ICS and EMS certifications are current.)
VBEMS Training
WWW.VBEMS.COM/TRAINING
Page 10 of 45
By John Bianco Division Chief
End of Semester ALS Student/Intern Note ALS students completing their clinical field internship are in crunch time as the semester is rapidly coming to a close. Beginning last year, TCC enhanced students are not allowed to start their field internship until approximately 6 weeks into the semester, or later, as TCC began to implement a phased approach to the enhanced program adding to the further competition for ALS FTOs as April comes to a close and for the first few days of May. The support of our sponsored students, to assist them in their scholastic achievements, is vital to the future of our system and continued enhancements to the care we provide. ALS preceptors are assigned to students to assist them in their achievement but, unlike ALS interns working to be released under general supervision, the ALS training institute (TCC) sets the clinical and field competencies. Therefore, beginning last year we began to allow ALS students completing their field clinical internship to obtain their ALS certification by scheduling ride time with ANY ALS FTO on an ambulance or zone. Additionally, we changed the process to require evaluations for any student / intern to be completed and turned in to us (signed by both the student and FTO) within 24 hours of their duty. Students must also forward a copy of their evaluation to their ALS clinical coordinator at TCC. Training staff, under the direction of the EMS Captain assigned to training works closely with operations staff to ensure student expectations and assignments are equitable and achievable. Operations, through the coordination of the EMS Captains and Brigade Chiefs, work diligently to ensure the seamless coordination of ALS students and interns with the ALS FTOs assigned to their shift to maintain the integrity of the complimentary missions. Thank you for your contributions to our student achievements! Any concerns or suggestions for improvement should be addressed through your chain of command and we will work to resolution as appropriate.
Definitions:
Student: a member that has been formally preapproved into a sponsored certification program by VBEMS and is currently enrolled in an accredited ALS certification course. Intern: a member certified at one of the three ALS levels (enhanced, intermediate, paramedic) and that has been formally approved for precepting in the VBEMS ALS release program.
Page 11 of 45
By John Bianco Division Chief
CE Credit and EMS IDs
What do the two items in this articles title have in common? The OEMS has been providing barcoded VDH certification cards for the past couple of years to all providers upon initial certification and recertification. You may have noted that the Department of EMS has been barcoding the reverse of VBEMS IDs for the past year. Beginning in FY14, the Fire Department will also barcode their IDs with this information. This barcode is your VDH EMS certification number and level. This is a unique identifier for all providers. This barcode provides the opportunity to be greener, reduce bubbling errors on the current CE cards and reduce the time from CE class completion to CE credits posting in your OEMS Portal. Therefore, beginning in the first quarter of FY14, all CE programs offered through the Department of EMS will move to only scanned CEs and elimination of the bubble card. At such time, you will have to have a valid and current Virginia Beach EMS or Fire ID properly barcoded or your barcoded VDH state certification to receive CE credit from the Department for programs completed. Please stop by EMS Admin or Training to obtain your new ID (yes, they will check to see if your OSHA, CPR and EMS certification is current.)
By John Bianco Division Chief
Mass Casualty Training Training staff has developed a sustainable mass casualty incident management (MCIM) training program beginning with our EMT students and continuing through continuing education classes for both ALS and BLS providers. From now on, MCIM I/II courses will be offered quarterly.
The Department has also partnered with MMRS to pilot their new three hour hands-on mass casualty incident (MCI) drill. This drill focuses on the ability of participants to apply regional MCI Guide protocols and focuses on the first alarm assignment for medical crews operating at a MCI. The scenarios involve small groups working together and CE credits have been applied for. Should this program be well received and attended we can incorporate it in FY 15 programming and beyond.
Page 12 of 45
Submitted By John Bianco Division Chief
April 01, 2013
EMS News in Focus by Art Hsieh
The hot topic of hypothermia in trauma One area receiving increasing scrutiny is the control of body temperature when a patient is severely injured
By Art Hsieh
Trauma is the leading cause of death in humans from age 1 through 44.1 As EMS providers, we are trained to assess and manage severely injured patients.
Ongoing research has refined the way we treat trauma, such as minimizing the use of spinal immobilization, reducing the amount of intravenous fluids in hypovolemia and reducing the use of an advanced airway when ventilating a brain injured patient.
One area of trauma resuscitation receiving increasing scrutiny is the control of body temperature when a patient is severely injured. Unintentional hypothermia is one leg of the so-called "lethal triad" of conditions that can cause death to occur in the weeks after the initial insult:
Metabolic acidosis: When the body's tissues are underoxygenated, normal aerobic metabolism that produces enough energy (ATP) to power itself switches to a much less efficient anaerobic metabolism. Like a fire that doesn't get enough oxygen, anaerobic metabolism releases toxic byproducts such as lactic acid. This raises the pH of the fluids surrounding the tissues, making metabolism even worse.
Coagulopathy: The ability for blood to form clots worsens when bleeding becomes significant.
Hypothermia: Body temperatures below 36 degrees Celsius (96.8 degrees Fahrenheit) causes the body to shiver as a homeostatic mechanism. Shivering in trauma will cause the body to burn through precious ATP unnecessarily. Hypothermia also worsens coagulopathy.
When we talk about shock in trauma patients, what we are really referring to is this lethal triad of acidosis, coagulopathy and hypothermia. The best way to reduce this condition is to prevent it from happening in the first place. This is why we look immediately for the initial signs of shock:
Anxiety, restlessness
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Pale skin signs, especially at fingernail beds and oral mucosa
Recall that a falling or low blood pressure is a very late sign. In fact, in the initial phases of shock, blood pressure may actually rise briefly. A French study looked at the causes of hypothermia in trauma patients. The researchers found that hypothermia occurred in 14% of the study population. While the severity of the injury
Page 13 of 45
was the primary cause, the temperature of the transport unit as well as the temperature of the fluid used during resuscitation also played a major part in cooling the patient's core temperature.2
Further analysis shows that while the ambient temperature of the environment plays a small part in hypothermia, having the clothes removed on scene is a significant factor.
What does this mean for EMS providers in the management of trauma patients? Consider the following tips:
Maintain a high suspicion. As discussed earlier, determine whether the patient is in the early phases of shock as soon as possible. Your primary assessment findings, integrated with a rapid understanding of the mechanism of injury, should trigger a presumptive impression of early shock. This in turn should push your team to rapidly extricate the patient off the scene and enroute to a trauma center.
Time is not the trauma patient's friend. While the "golden hour" has long been questioned as to its precision3, the concept of minimizing time on scene is not. Patients with internal hemorrhage must be treated by a surgeon as early as possible. This means that EMS must perform only the procedures necessary to preserve airway, breathing and circulation on scene. In the vast majority of cases, these are basic life support procedures. Advanced airways and intravenous access have not been demonstrated to be helpful, and in many cases, have been found harmful.4
Cover up what you expose. While we are trained to "strip and flip" the trauma patient to thoroughly examine the body, recognize that heat loss accelerates dramatically. If the patient begins to shiver, consider this a dangerous sign. While there is no evidence to actively warm the patient, it is clear that keeping them covered with sheets, blankets or reflective covers is essential.
Chilled liquids may be good for cocktails, but not for trauma situations. A liter of intravenous fluid at room temperature can drop core temperature by 0.25 to 1 degree Celsius in a healthy patient, although it may be worse in trauma patients.5 If you must deliver intravenous crystalloid solution to raise dangerously low blood pressure, use fluids that have been warmed prior to administration.
Keep the box hot. In another words, raise the temperature of the patient compartment of your unit so it's uncomfortably warm for you. It'll likely be better for the trauma patient in reducing heat loss through radiation. Similarly, consider padding or covering your backboard to reduce heat loss through conduction. If your patient is trapped and requires extended extrication, cover the patient as completely as possible to maintain body temperature. Consider bringing a portable heater onto the scene.
Critically injured patients require the utmost of care in the initial resuscitation phase. EMS providers can promote better outcomes by keeping in mind the dangers of hypothermia in trauma patients. Simple interventions can go a long way in preventing such deadly heat loss. References
1. Centers for Disease Control. "10 Leading Causes of Death by Age Group, United States – 2010." http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/pdf/10LCID_All_Deaths_By_Age_Group_2010-a.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2013. 2. Lapostolle, F et al. Risk factors for onset of hypothermia in trauma victims: The HypoTraum study. EPub. Critical Care. 2012 Jul 31;16(4):R142. http://ccforum.com/content/16/4/R142. Retrieved 12 March 2013. 3. Newgard CD, Schmicker RH, et al. Emergency medical services intervals and survival in trauma: assessment of the "golden hour" in a North American prospective cohort. Ann Emerg Med. 2010 Mar;55(3):235-246.e4. 4. Stockinger ZT, McSwain NE. Prehospital endotracheal intubation for trauma does not improve survival over bag-valve-mask ventilation. J Trauma 2004;56:531–536. 5. Gentilello LM, Cortes V, Moujaes S, et al. Continuous arteriovenous rewarming: experimental results and thermodynamic model simulation of treatment for hypothermia. J Trauma 1990; 30:1436-49.
About the author EMS1 Editor in Chief Art Hsieh, MA, NREMT-P currently teaches at the Public Safety Training Center, Santa Rosa Junior College in the Emergency Care Program. In the profession since 1982, Art has worked as a line medic and chief officer in the private, third service and fire-based EMS. He has directed both primary and EMS continuing education programs. Art is a published textbook author, has presented at conferences nationwide, and continues to provide patient care at a rural hospital-based ALS system. Contact Art at [email protected].
Page 14 of 45
All VBEMS Members who are interested in TCC ALS Sponsorship are invited to attend
When: Wednesday, July 31, 2013
Time: 7:00 p.m.
Location: Classrooms 2A/B
at the Fire/EMS Training Center
Page 15 of 45
Submitted By Mary Anne Myers Office Assistant
Forwarded from the Virginia Office of EMS...
Important Notice:
Changes in EMS Recertification
Process for Virginia providers are DELAYED
The Virginia Office of EMS (OEMS) would like you to read an important notice that recently announced changes in the EMS recertification process, pertaining to the elimination of testing requirements or the requirements to obtain a test waiver. This process will be delayed until regulatory reviews can be completed.
As of right now, NO changes in the EMS recertification process will occur
July 1, 2013.
Please visit the link below to review the full announcement.
Delay in Changes to Recertification Process
We apologize for any inconvenience that this delay may cause and we will keep you posted as new information becomes available.
Page 16 of 45
VBEMS Training & Certification
WWW.VBEMS.COM/TRAINING
DEFENSIVE DRIVING
EMS members may take only the Saturday DDC course. If you want to get 5 points added to your driving record, the fee is $20, payable in cash, on the day of class, prior the start of class.
The class is free if you do not want the points. You must register at least two days prior to class.
Please call 385-2970 or email [email protected] to register.
Jul 13 Aug 3 Aug 17 Sep 7
Sep 21 Oct 5 Oct 19 Nov 2
Nov 23 Dec 7 Dec 21 Classes are held from 8:00 am – 5:00 pm at Human Resources Training (Building 19 at the Municipal Center).
BLS Certifications
Initial CPR July 23, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm September 26, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
July 25, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm September 28, 2013 9 am – completion
August 20, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm October 7, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
August 22, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm October 9, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
September 10, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm November 13, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
September 12, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm November 18, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
September 17, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm December 11, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
September 19, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm December 16, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
September 24, 2013 6 pm – 10 pm
Call Lynette Dimitry at 385-5053 or email [email protected] to register.
- Jerry Barnes
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EMT CLASS SCHEDULES
EMT Class #2-2013 ( Tue/Thur ) EMT Class #3-2013 (Mon/Wed) Class Started: Apr. 16 Class Started: Jun. 10 End Prior to: Jul. 29 End Prior to: Sept. 23
State Test: TBA State Test: TBA
EMT Class #4-2013 ( Tue/Thur ) First night of class: Sep. 3
End Prior to: Dec. 16 State Test: TBA
TBD – October or November accelerated weekday class TRFA
EMT Class #1-2014 (Mon/Wed) EMT Class #2-2014 ( Tue/Thur ) First night of class: Jan. 13 First night of class: Apr. 14 End Prior to: Apr. 28 End Prior to: Aug. 4
State Test: TBA State Test: TBA
TBD – January accelerated weekday class TRFA
EMT Class #3-2014 (Mon/Wed) First night of class: Jun. 16
End Prior to: Sep 30 State Test: TBA
EVOC
The Emergency Vehicle Operators Course will be taught on the following days and times:
Monday, Jul. 8 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Wednesday, Jul. 10 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Sunday, Jul. 14 8:30 am – completion
Tuesday, Aug. 6 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Thursday, Aug. 8 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Saturday, Aug. 10 8:00 am – completion
Tuesday, Sep. 3 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Thursday, Sep. 5 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Sunday, Sep. 8 8:00 am – completion
Tuesday, Nov. 5 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Thursday, Nov. 7 6:00 pm - 10:00 pm Sunday, Nov. 10 8:00 am – completion
EVOC certification requires you to attend all three sessions of the course. Saturday/Sunday lunch is at your own expense. Pre-registration is mandatory. Walk-in students will not be able to be accommodated. Please call 385-2970 or email [email protected] to register.
- Jerry Barnes
Page 18 of 45
ALS Release Classes
ALS Release Class Sessions 1, 2, and 3 are required for all EMT-I and EMT-P interns before they are released to function independently (Session 1 is required for ALL EMT-Enhanced). It can be taken at any point during the internship – interns are encouraged to take it early because you are not allowed to use equipment such as CPAP until you have taken the class. These classes cover the ALS functions and skills unique to patient care in VBEMS.
Session 1: Combitube, King Airway, Trach Care, CAT Tourniquet, and PEPP
Assessment Triangle
Saturday, August 17th 8:30 am – 10:30 am Monday, October 21st 6:00 pm – 8:00 pm Saturday, December 7th 8:30 am – 10:30 am
Session 2: CPAP, NG Tube, Glidescope, and Difficult Airway/RSI Overview
Saturday, August 17th 10:30 am – 12:30 pm Monday, October 21st 8:00 pm – 10:00 pm Saturday, December 7th 10:30 am – 12:30 pm
Session 3: EZ-IO, Melcor Crich Kit, Capnography, LifePak 15 (ALS Hands On), and the
overview of oral boards/practice boards
Saturday, August 17th 1:00 pm – 5:00 pm Thursday, October 24th 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm Saturday, December 7th 1:00 pm – 5:00 pm
Capnography and King Airway are required for ALL RELEASED ALS providers in the City of Virginia Beach!
12-Lead ECG
All EMT-I and EMT-P providers and interns must take the VBEMS approved 12-Lead ECG course.
Wednesday August 14, 2013 1:00 pm – 5:00 pm
Monday September 23, 2013 6:00 pm – 10 pm
Monday November 18, 2013 1:00 pm – 5:00 pm Pre-registration is mandatory. Walk-in students may not be able to be accommodated. Please register for ALS Release class by calling 385-2970 or by emailing [email protected]. For questions, please contact Medic Kim George at 385-2981 or [email protected].
ALS Certifications
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ALS and EMT Written Exams Can Be Found here:
National Registry of EMTs portal to NREMT Certification / Recertification
www.NREMT.org
Recertification and CE Info
CPR Recert
Tuesday, July 16, 2013 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Tuesday, August 13, 2013 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Tuesday, September 17, 2013 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Wednesday, October 23, 2013 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Thursday, November 21, 2013 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Wednesday, December 11, 2013 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm
Pre-registration is mandatory to ensure correct instructor-student ratios. Walk-in students may not be able to be accommodated. Please call 385-2970 or email [email protected] to register.
- Jerry Barnes
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Wed 3-Jul 7pm-10pm Patient Assessment 2 3
Mon 8-Jul 6pm-10pm Patient Assessment 2 4
Wed 10-Jul 6pm-10pm Trauma Emergencies 4 4
Thurs 11-Jul 6pm – 8pm Infection Control 6 2
8pm – 10pm Infants and Children 8 2
Thurs 11-Jul 6pm-10pm MCI I Cat. 2 4
Sat 13-Jul 8am-Noon Trauma Emergencies 4 4
Tues 16-Jul 6pm – 10pm Medical Emergencies 5 4
Wed 17-Jul 6pm-10pm Trauma Emergencies 4 4
Thurs 18-Jul 6pm-10pm Practical Skills 9 4
Wed 31-Jul 6pm-10pm Medical Emergencies 5 4
Sat 3-Aug 8am-Noon Medical Emergencies 5 4
Mon 5-Aug 6pm-10pm Airway Management 3 4
Wed 7-Aug 6pm-10pm Medical Emergencies 5 4
Mon 12-Aug 6pm-10pm OB/GYN 10 4
Wed 4-Sep 6pm-10pm MCI I Cat. 2 4
*911 Center, Bldg 30, Municipal Center
BLS Continuing Education This schedule is subject to change, and seats are limited.
Pre-registration is mandatory in order to maintain required student- instructor ratios. Walk-in members may be unable to attend.
These Classes incorporate the new EMS Education standards for EMTs as implemented 7/1/2012. Reminder – CE credits are only processed for bubble cards with an associated
signature/name on the class sign-in form.
Please call 385-2970 to register.
To Register for CEU Classes contact 385-2970 or email [email protected]. For questions about CEUs contact
Instruction Supervisor Eric de Forest at 385-2975 or [email protected].
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Mon Monday, August 12, 2013 6pm-10pm Medical & Respiratory 71 1 for the EMT-Enhanced 75 1 88 2
Wed Wednesday, August 14, 2013 1pm-5pm 12 Lead EKGs 88 4
Fri Friday, August 16, 2013 8:00am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2 72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
2013-2014 ALS CE Schedule For Paramedics, Intermediates and Enhanced
Paramedics: Take ACLS, PALS and Sessions 1-8, which will give 48 hours of Category 1 credit. You also need 24 hours of Category 2 credit. Intermediates: Take ACLS, PALS, and Sessions 1-8. This will give you all of your Category 1 and Category 2 credits to maintain your Virginia certification. National Registry requires an additional 24 hours of Category 2 credits. Enhanced: Take Medical & Respiratory for EMT-Enhanced, Session 3, Session 4 and Session 5, which will give 10 hours of Category 1 credits plus some Category 2 credits. You need a total of 26 hours of Category 2 credit. Please note that EMT-E providers are not allowed to take PALS, ACLS or 12-Lead EKGs (Session 6).
This schedule is subject to change. Seats are limited. Pre-registration is mandatory in order to maintain
the required student-instructor ratios. Walk-in members may be unable to attend.
Please call 385-2970 to register.
Reminder – CE credits are only processed for bubble cards with an associated signature/name on the class sign-in form.
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Sat Saturday, August 17, 2013 8:30am-
10:30pm ALS Release Course
88 2 Session 1
10:30am-
12:30pm ALS Release Course
88 2 Session 2 1pm-5pm ALS Release Course 88 4 Session 3
Tue Tuesday, August 20, 2013 8:00am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2
85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Fri Friday, September 13, 2013 8:30am-
12:30pm Session 3: Trauma
78 0.5 (A/B Inservice) 79 1 80 1 81 1 82 0.5
Sat Saturday, September 14, 2013 8:30am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2 85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Mon Monday, September 16, 2013 6pm-10pm Session 2: Medical 2
89 4
Wed Wednesday, September 18, 2013 8:30am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2
72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
Sat Saturday, September 21, 2013 8:30am-12:30pm
Session 7: Pediatrics 91 4
1:00-5:00pm Session 1: Medical 1 75 1 76 1 77 1 89 1
Mon Monday, September 23, 2013 6pm-10pm 12 Lead EKGs 88 4
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Fri Friday, October 04, 2013 8:30am-
12:30pm Session 3: Trauma
78 0.5 (C/D Inservice) 79 1 80 1 81 1 82 0.5
Sat Saturday, October 05, 2013 8:30am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2 72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
Wed Wednesday, October 09, 2013 8:30am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2
85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Mon
Monday, October 21, 2013 8:30am-12:30pm
Session 8: Obstetrics 91 4
1pm-5pm Session 2: Medical 2
89 4
6pm-8pm ALS Release Course 88 2 Session 1 8pm-10pm ALS Release Course 88 2 Session 2
Thurs Thursday, October 24, 2013 6pm-10pm ALS Release Course 88 4 Session 3
Fri
Friday, October 25, 2013 8:30am-12:30pm
Session 8: Obstetrics 91 4
(A/B Inservice)
Sat Saturday, October 26, 2013 8:30am-
12:30pm Session 4: Trauma &
Ops 83 1 90 1 92 2
Tues Tuesday, October 29, 2013 6pm-10pm Medical & Respiratory 71 1 for the EMT-Enhanced 75 1 88 2
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Sat Saturday, November 02, 2013 8:30am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2
72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
Tue
Tuesday, November 05, 2013 1pm-5pm Session 8: Obstetrics 91 4
6:00-10:00pm Session 6: Cardiology 88 4
Wed Wednesday, November 06, 2013 8:30am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2
85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Fri Friday, November 15, 2013 8:30am-
12:30pm Session 8: Obstetrics 91 4
(C/D Inservice)
Mon Monday, November 18, 2013 1pm-5pm 12 Lead EKGs 88 4
6pm-10pm Session 5: Airway 88 4
Sat Saturday, December 07, 2013 8:30am-10:30pm
ALS Release Course 88 2
Session 1
10:30am-
12:30pm ALS Release Course
88 2 Session 2 1pm-5pm ALS Release Course 88 4 Session 3
Mon Monday, December 09, 2013 1pm-5pm Session 5: Airway 88 4
Wed Wednesday, December 11, 2013 6pm-10pm Medical & Respiratory 71 1 for the EMT-Enhanced 75 1 88 2
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Fri Friday, December 13, 2013 8:30am-
12:30pm Session 1: Medical 1
75 1 76 1 77 1 89 1
1pm-5pm Session 7: Pediatrics
91 4
Sat Saturday, January 04, 2014 8:30am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2
72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
Tue Tuesday, January 07, 2014 1pm-5pm Session 4: Trauma & Ops 83 1
90 1 92 2
6:00-10:00pm Session 8: Obstetrics
91 4
Wed Wednesday, January 08, 2014 8:30am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2
85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Tue Tuesday, January 14, 2014 8:30am-12:30pm
Session 2: Medical 2 89 4
1pm-5pm Session 6: Cardiology
88 4
Thurs Thursday, January 16, 2014 8:30am-12:30pm
Session 5: Airway 88 4
1pm-5pm Session 3: Trauma 78 0.5 79 1 80 1 81 1 82 0.5
Fri Friday, January 17, 2014 8:30am-12:30pm
PALS Recert Part 1 84 2
Must take Part 2 85 2 on 01/23/14 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Thurs Thursday, January 23, 2014 8:30am-
12:30pm PALS Recert Part 2
84 2 Must have taken Part 2 85 2 on 01/17/14 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Sat Saturday, January 25, 2014 8:30am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2
85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Tue Tuesday, January 28, 2014 6pm-10pm Session 1: Medical 1 75 1 76 1 77 1 89 1
Wed Wednesday, January 29, 2014 8:30am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2
72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
Tue Tuesday, February 04, 2014 6pm-10pm Session 4: Trauma & Ops 83 1
90 1 92 2
Fri Friday, February 07, 2014 8:30am-12:30pm
PALS Recert Part 1 84 2
Must take Part 2 85 2 on 02/13/14 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Thurs Thursday, February 13, 2014 8:30am-12:30pm
PALS Recert Part 2 84 2
Must have taken Part 2 85 2 on 02/07/14 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Tue Tuesday, February 18, 2014 6pm-10pm Session 3: Trauma 78 0.5 79 1 80 1 81 1 82 0.5
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Day Date Time Topic Area Credits
Wed Wednesday, February 19, 2014 6pm-10pm Session 7: Pediatrics
91 4
Fri Friday, February 21, 2014 8:30am-
12:30pm Session 3: Trauma
78 0.5 79 1 80 1 81 1 82 0.5
1pm-5pm Session 6: Cardiology 88 4
Sat Saturday, February 22, 2014 8:30am-5pm PALS Recert 84 2
85 2 86 2 precourse packet required 87 2
Wed Wednesday, February 26, 2014 8:30am-5pm ACLS Recert 71 2 72 2 73 2 precourse packet required 74 2
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EMT-Enhanced CE Classes Enhanced providers mark your calendars now for “Medical & Respiratory for EMT-Enhanced” and “Session 5: Airway.” Each class gives 4 hours of Category 1 credit. Enhanced providers must also take Session 4 and 26 hours of Category 2 credits. See page 11 for information about ALS CE classes. Pre-registration is mandatory to ensure correct instructor-student ratios. Walk-in students may not be able to be accommodated. Please call 385-2970 or email [email protected] to register.
Medical & Respiratory for EMT-Enhanced (Areas 71, 75, 88)
Mon., Aug. 12 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm Tue., Oct. 29 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm Wed., Dec. 11 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm -Jerry Barnes
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Quick Glance July - August Calendar of Events
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Low or reduced cost outside training opportunities for professional growth and development in volunteer management and non-profit administration.
The TEMS Training Calendar
http://www.tidewaterems.org/trainingcalendar
The Center for Domestic Preparedness https://cdp.dhs.gov/
Additional Training Links:
• Typically No Cost to Active Providers •
Professional Growth and Development: • Non-Profit and Volunteer Organizations •
TCC Workforce Development – Academy of Non-Profit Excellence
http://www.tcc.edu/wd/academy/index.html
Volunteer Hampton Roads
http://www.volunteerhr.org/HOC_Press
The National Fire Academy Resident and
Online Training http://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfa/
The Virginia Department of Emergency Management Knowledge Center
(Training) http://www.vaemergency.com/em/training
Virginia Association of Volunteer Rescue Squads (VAVRS)
http://www.VAVRS.com/courses.htm
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24/7 EMS (VAOEMS approved continuing education credit site)
www.24-7emsnow.com/
Centre Learn (VAOEMS approved continuing education credits site) www.centrelearn.com
Health Stream (VAOEMS approved continuing education credit site) www.hsi.com/24/7ems
Medic CE (VAOEMS approved continuing education credit site) http://www.medic-ce.com/
TargetSafety (VAOEMS approved continuing education credit site) http://www.targetsafety.com
The Response Newsletter from TEMS
http://www.tidewaterems.org/response
The Virginia Beach Rescue Lines Newsletter
http://vbrescuefoundation.org/newsletter.html
NHTSA EMS Newsletter – EMS Update
http://ems.gov/news/nhtsaemsupdate.html
The Virginia Office of EMS Bulletin
http://www.vdh.state.va.us/OEMS/EMSBulletin/
Other Newsletter Sites:
• Costs of CE Credits Varies By Site •
NREMT Newsletter – EMS Update
https://www.nremt.org/nremt/downloads/Newsletter_2011.pdf
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EMSAT
EMSAT is a satellite-based program produced by the Virginia Office of EMS. The program is
shown at the EMS Training Center on the third Wednesday of each month from 7:30 pm to 8:30 pm, and each program offers one hour of continuing education credit for ALS and BLS providers. EMSAT courses are open to any EMS provider in the region. Pre-registration is mandatory to ensure correct instructor-student ratios. Walk-in students may not be able to be accommodated. Please call 385-2970 or email [email protected] to register.
Jul. 17 Infection Control Update 2013 Oct. 16 Diabetes Cat. 1 ALS, Area 89 Cat. 1 ALS, Area 89 Cat. 1 BLS, Area 06 Cat. 1 BLS, Area 05 Aug. 21 Dealing with a Mentally Nov. 20 Rapid Trauma Assessment Ill Patient and Treatment of Blast Injuries Cat. 1 ALS, Area 89 Cat. 1 ALS, Area 78 Cat. 1 BLS, Area 05 Cat. 1 BLS, Area 04
Sep. 18 Virginia OEMS Rules and Dec. 18 Treating the Overdose Regulations Patient Cat. 2 ALS Cat. 1 ALS, Area 76 Cat. 1 BLS, Area 07 Cat. 1 BLS, Area 05
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The Virginia Department of Emergency Management, Bon Secours and TEMS are teaming up to offer the TEEX MGT-348 Medical Preparedness and Response to Bombing Incidents course, July 18 - 19 at the Tidewater EMS Council in Chesapeake. The course is open to fire and EMS responders, hospital staff and emergency planners. Register by July 1 by completing and emailing the registration spreadsheet to Travis Mitchell, EMS Coordinator, Bon Secours Hampton Roads. Space is limited, so register early. The following documents are posted on our website at www.tidewaterems.org.
TEEX MGT-348 Course Description
TEEX MGT-348 Invitation
TEEX MGT-348 Track Description
TEEX MGT-348 Registration Spreadsheet
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VBEMS MCI Drills
Open to all Certified Providers (Officers encouraged to attend as you will be injected after
the incident begins to your role)
June 27 1300 – 1600 August 2 1800 – 2100 June 27 1800 – 2100 August 23 0830 – 1130 August 2 0830 – 1130 August 23 1330 – 1630
MCI DRILL POINTS
Designed for the Virginia Beach ERS System to apply regional MCI Guide protocols and ICS
Focus on the initial alarm assignment as designated by SOP Exercises are designed for 10-15 participants
Each exercise requires approximately 3 hours ( ½ hour preparation, 2 hours delivery, ½ hour Hot wash/evaluation)
CEUs are available and will be processed for each drill event!
To Register for this Drill contact the EMS Training Center at (757) 385-2970
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Forwarded from the Virginia Office of EMS…
The 2013 Virginia EMS Symposium pre-conference guide is posted at http://www.vdh.state.va.us/OEMS/Files_Page/symposium/Pre-ConferenceGuide2013.pdf
34th Annual
Virginia EMS Symposium
"An Education for Life"
Pre-Conference Guide 2013
The Virginia Office of EMS invites you to take a look at the
34th Annual Virginia EMS Symposium Pre-Conference Guide. This year's symposium will feature over 250 courses at the Norfolk Waterside, Marriott, November 6-10. General registration opens August 1, 2013.
Visit the link below to access guide:
2013 Virginia EMS Symposium Pre-Conference Guide
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Submitted By John Bianco Division Chief
Great news everyone...the Vigilant Watch challenge coins are in! They are available for a
suggested donation of $15. All proceeds will go towards helping first responders (Police, Fire, EMS & Sheriffs) and their immediate families in the future! If you'd like to donate and
receive a coin contact Krystal Jacobs {[email protected]; 757-385-2884 (Work); 757-
478-9980 (Cell)} or any of the following people:
Bob Anderson: [email protected] 757-385-2886 (Work); 757-409-1039 (Cell)
Deidra Peterson: [email protected] 757-385-4228 (Work)
Ray Smith: [email protected]
Your support is greatly appreciated!
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By John Bianco Division Chief
Join Virginia Beach EMS on the Web 2.0
Be social – we are. Join Virginia Beach EMS on our public Facebook site: Virginia Beach EMS for public news and information sharing with each other and our community. Our public web presence for governmental information on VABeachEMS is www.VABeachEMS.com and a good vehicle to direct interested individuals to both volunteer and learn more about our system. Additionally, we have a members’ only section for discussions at our BeachEMS Yahoo Group as well as the www.VBEMS.com site with training class and course information, this EMS Newsletter and the Rules, Regulations and Policies page. Look for more social connections in the year ahead!
EMS Supervisors’ Phone and Locations
Here’s where to find EMS-5, EMS-6 and EMS-7 as well as the phone numbers for all three. EMS-5 Admin Office, 477 Viking Drive, Suite 130 635-7695 EMS-6 Rescue 8, Bayne Drive 274-2946 EMS-7 Rescue 21, Nimmo Parkway 284-7247
EMS-7 has the same responsibility and authority as the other supervisors. If you are interested in participating on the EMS-7 team, please contact Capt. Patrick Primeaux at [email protected]
.
General Information
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Submitted By Ruby Christian Contract Specialist
Be Ready for Severe Weather
When it comes to tornadoes, there’s no such thing as a “tornado season.” Tornadoes can strike anywhere, anytime, and you need to know the drill. Tornadoes are nature's most violent storms. They can appear suddenly without warning and can be invisible until dust and debris are picked up or a funnel cloud appears. Be prepared to act quickly. Know the Signs
Strong, persistent rotation in the base of a cloud Whirling dust or debris on the ground under a cloud base – tornadoes sometimes have no visible
funnel Hail or heavy rain followed by dead calm or a fast, intense wind shift. Many tornadoes,
especially in Virginia, are wrapped in heavy precipitation and can’t be seen. Loud, continuous roar or rumble, which doesn’t fade in a few seconds like thunder does If it’s night, look for small, bright, blue-green to white flashes at ground level (as opposed to
silvery lightning up in the clouds). These lights are power lines being snapped by very strong wind, perhaps a tornado.
Persistent lowering of the cloud base
Watches and Warnings Learn the terms that are used to identify a tornado.
Tornado Watch: a tornado is possible in your area. You should monitor weather-alert radios and local radio and TV stations for information.
Tornado Warning: a tornado has been sighted in the area or has been indicated by National Weather Service Doppler radar. When a warning is issued, take cover immediately.
Virginia Department of Emergency Management, April 2013 (804) 897-6510 [email protected]
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Submitted By Carrie Lavelle Executive Assistant II
ENERGY TIP OF THE WEEK -
Go unplugged.
The average American household uses 25 consumer electronic
devices. Many of these devices continue to use energy when they
are turned off. While some devices must remain plugged in, unplug
extra televisions, chargers, stereos or computers that you do not
use very often.
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, unplugging unused
electronics can save you up to 10 percent on your electric bill.
As a reminder, unplug chargers and other devices when not in use
at work also!
Lori J. Herrick, MBA, LEED AP, Energy Management Administrator, (757) 385-5663
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