EmployeeHealth & SafetyHandbook

Information (Please Complete)

Name: ............................................................................................................................................

Supervisor/Manager: .........................................................................................................(First point of contact regarding Health & Safety)

Nearest first Aider: ...............................................................................................................

Nearest Fire Marshall: .......................................................................................................

Trade UnionSafety Representative: .....................................................................................................

Service H&SRepresentative: ......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

Location of first aid box: .................................................................................................

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PageForeword ............................................................................................ 1Introduction......................................................................................... 2Corporate Health & Safety Policy ....................................................... 3Corporate Health and Safety Management System ........................... 5Employers Responsibilities................................................................. 6Employee Responsibilities.................................................................. 7General Health & Safety Rules........................................................... 8Risk Assessment ................................................................................ 8Training............................................................................................... 10Accidents/Incidents/Ill-Health/Near Misses ........................................ 11First Aid............................................................................................... 11Asbestos............................................................................................. 12Consumption of Alcohol ...................................................................... 14Control of Fire Risk............................................................................. 15Emergency Procedures ...................................................................... 17

Fire Extinguishers/Fire Blankets................................................ 18Suspicious Packages/Bomb Threats......................................... 19

Display Screen Equipment ................................................................. 20Driving at Work ................................................................................... 22Electrical Safety .................................................................................. 25Hazardous Substances ...................................................................... 27Know your Working Environment – Questionnaire ............................. 30Machine/Equipment Safety................................................................. 32Manual Handling................................................................................. 34Mobile Telephones.............................................................................. 36Noise at Work ..................................................................................... 38Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)................................................ 39Personal Safety .................................................................................. 40Safety signs ........................................................................................ 43Slips, Trips and Falls .......................................................................... 44Smoking.............................................................................................. 45Working at Height ............................................................................... 46Food Safety & Hygiene....................................................................... 53Stress ................................................................................................. 54Homeworking ..................................................................................... 55Useful Contacts and Sources of Information ...................................... 57

Contents

I am delighted as Chief Executive of DurhamCounty Council to endorse this Employee Healthand Safety Handbook.

As Chief Executive I am very aware of theimportance of health, safety and welfare withinthe Authority. We all need to work together toensure a safe and healthy working environment.

Creating a safe and healthy environment is a key aim of DurhamCounty Council in valuing our most important asset which is you. Ifwe all work together to protect the health, safety and welfare, notonly of ourselves, but all those who can be affected by our acts oromissions, then we will achieve corporate success.

The Employee Health and Safety Handbook provides usefulinformation to assist all of us in the safeguarding of our health,safety and welfare whilst at work.

This handbook contains advice and guidance on a broad range oftopics which I am sure you will find most helpful. If you have anyqueries, concerns, doubts or suggestions please bring them to theattention of your manager or any of the Health and Safety Staff.

George GarlickChief Executive

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Foreword

Durham County Council considers the health and safety of itsemployees as being of paramount importance. A safe and healthyplace of work will never be achieved without the full co-operation,participation and support of everyone working for the Authority.

The County Council is committed to being an exemplar of health &safety. To promote this health & safety commitment across theAuthority, the Director of Resources has been nominated Directorwith responsibility for health and safety, and an appointed ElectedMember will act as Safety Champion.

This handbook has been produced to provide useful health & safetyinformation to staff working for Durham County Council. Thesubjects covered in the handbook are diverse and will have varyingdegrees of relevance depending upon where you work.

Durham County Council has a Corporate Health & Safety Group,which meets quarterly. The group is comprised of representativesand managers from each Directorate. Individual Service Groupingshave their own health and safety forums.

If the information you require is not contained within this handbookor you require further clarification on any health & safety issues,then please raise this with your immediate line manager in the firstinstance or contact your Directorate’s Health & Safety Team (seeUseful Contacts & Sources of Information at the back of this book)or the Corporate Health & Safety Unit on 0191 383 3430.

IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT YOU READ ANDUNDERSTAND THIS HANDBOOK

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Introduction

Health and Safety Statement of IntentDurham County Council (DCC) acknowledges and accepts itsstatutory duty to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, thehealth and safety at work of all its employees and those who maybe affected by its work activities, as defined by the Health andSafety at Work etc Act 1974, whether on DCC premises or carryingout DCC business elsewhere.

It is also committed to full and proper compliance with all applicableLegislation, Regulations, Approved Codes of Practice and otherrequirements to which it subscribes.

DCC seeks to achieve the following key objectives:-

� to create a safe working environments for staff, visitors, serviceusers, contractors and members of the public which ensures theirhealth and safety.

� to adopt a policy of continual improvement in health and safetymanagement and performance.

� make the contents of this statement of intent available to allmembers of staff and other interested parties on request.

� to regularly review the contents of this statement of intent toincorporate changes in legislation and other standards to ensureits continued relevance and suitability to the activities of theauthority.

The policy requires DCC to exercise a general duty of care to allthose who may be adversely affected by any consequence of itsundertakings. This statement of intent combined with other relatedpolicies, codes of practice, guidance and procedures establish themeans by which that duty is discharged.DCC undertakes to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable:-� that adequate resources are allocated, for the effectiveimplementation, monitoring, maintenance and management ofthe documented health and safety management systems acrossthe authority.

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Corporate Health & Safety Policy

� that adequate information, instruction, training and supervisionis provided to ensure the health and safety and of all employeeswhilst at work.

� that health and safety issues are incorporated into the planning,monitoring and review of all work activities undertaken by DCCemployees.

In ensuring compliance with these statutory duties, DCC will:-� provide adequate means for effective communication, co-operation and consultation with recognised trade unions andemployee representatives.

� provide competent advice and guidance on health and safetymatters, to all employees enabling them to effectively dischargetheir duties in ensuring safe systems of work are implementedand followed.

� actively seek to work collaboratively with all recognised tradeunions and professional associations to ensure that our activitiesdo not adversely affect the health and safety of staff, visitors,service users, contractors and members of the public.

� measure DCC performance in health and safety matters to verifycontinual improvements.

All DCC employees must take responsibility for their own safety andthe safety of those who may be affected by their acts or omissionsto which a duty of care is owed and to actively support DCC in theachievement and maintenance of a safe working environment.

DCC requires its managers and supervisors to give all necessarycare and attention in the management of activities they control toensure the health and safety of all affected parties.

The application of this statement of intent will be a primeconsideration in the management of all DCC activities, equal to thatof any other management function.

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The involvement and commitment of all employees in theimplementation of health and safety will be valued equally with theirother contributions to its continued success.

DCC will ensure that the content of this statement of intent is givena high priority and is effectively communicated to all employees inappropriate formats, to ensure that they are aware of their ownindividual and collective roles and responsibilities for health andsafety.

Signed:

Designation: ............................ Chief Executive

Date: ...........................................

Corporate Health & Safety ManagementSystem

Durham County Council has a documented Corporate Health andSafety Policy. The Statement of Intent which is an importantcomponent of the Policy details Durham County Council’s formalcommitment to ensuring the health, safety and welfare of itsemployees, whether on County Council premises or carrying outCounty Council business elsewhere. To ensure compliance with thispolicy, a documented Health and Safety Management System forservices to comply with was introduced.

The implementation of the Corporate Health and Safety Policydocument necessitates the adoption of a formal Health and SafetyManagement System the objective of which is as follows:

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13th September 2010

To provide a framework for all Durham County CouncilServices to follow. This will enable demonstration of effectiveHealth and Safety management, compliance with DCCCorporate Health and Safety Policy and legal requirements.Service areas implement and operate their own Health & SafetyManagement Systems in compliance with the Corporate system,which is based on the Occupational Health and Safety AssessmentSeries (OHSAS) 18001.

Employers Responsibilities

It is the duty of Durham County Council, so far as is reasonablypracticable to:

� provide and maintain plant and systems of work that are safe andwithout risks to health;

� have arrangements for ensuring the safety and absence of healthrisks in connection with the use, handling, storage and transportof articles and substances;

� provide such information, instruction, training and supervision asis necessary to ensure the health and safety at work ofemployees;

� maintain any place of work under the employer’s control in acondition that is safe and without risks to health, and the provisionand maintenance of means of access and egress from it that aresafe and without risks to health, and

� provide and maintain a working environment that is safe, withoutrisks to health and adequate as regards facilities and arrangementsfor their welfare at work.

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Employees have a duty to ensure that they:� take reasonable care for the health and safety of themselves andof other persons who may be affected by their acts or omissionsat work including clients, pupils, work colleagues and membersof the public;

� observe the laid down systems of safe working and take anyprecautions necessary to ensure the safety of themselves andothers affected by their work;

� co-operate with their employer and others in the interests ofhealth and safety;

� attend and/or follow any health and safety training or instructionprovided;

� carry out required user checks on equipment prior to use; reportany unsafe conditions, defects in plant or equipment or anyshortcomings in the health and safety arrangements;

� do not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anythingprovided in the interests of health, safety or welfare;

� notify Supervisor/Manager immediately of any accident, injury,illness, disease, dangerous occurrence or near miss associatedwith the carrying out of their duties and responsibilities;

� familiarise themselves with the action to take in the event of fireor other emergency;

� seek safety advice, where necessary, through the appropriateresponsible officer;

� set an example to all staff, clients and visitors by working safelyand encourage others to do the same.

REMEMBERSAFETY IS EVERYONE’S RESPONSIBILITY

NEVER MAKE ASSUMPTIONSIF YOU ARE UNSURE – ASK!

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Employee Responsibilities

� Make sure you fully understand the safe and proper way to doyour job. If you are in any doubt, ask your Supervisor/Manager foradvice or further instructions.

� Practical jokes, horseplay and fighting are prohibited.� Report unsafe conditions, tools, equipment and practices to yourSupervisor/Manager so that any hazard can be removed beforeit can cause an accident.

� Observe warning and hazard notices.

Risk Assessment� A risk assessment is a careful examination of work activities andtasks. The aim is to eliminate or minimise the likelihood of anyoneincluding yourself becoming ill or getting injured as a result of thehazards that arise from performing the activities and tasks. Anemployer is responsible for ensuring suitable and sufficientcontrol measures are in place.

Hazard: Is something with the potential to causeharm – e.g. lifting large, heavy boxes.

Risk: Is the likelihood that harm from a particularhazard will happen – e.g. the likelihood thata back injury would occur.

Control measures:What method is put in place to reduce therisk – e.g. organising smaller deliveries.

� The Corporate Health & Safety Management System requiresyour Supervisor/Manager to keep written risk assessments ofsignificant hazards. This information and instruction onelimination/control measures must be shared with you. Arrangingany necessary training needs is also a responsibility of yourSupervisor/Manager. Any in-house risk assessments should beheld in a risk register.

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General Health & Safety Rules

� From time to time a situation may arise where an emergency riskassessment has to be written to cover the change in workingsystems, e.g. a fire service strike.

� Your Supervisor/Manager should consult employees whencarrying out risk assessments and communicate the findings toall employees and others identified as being directly affected.

Specific and more detailed risk assessments need to be carriedout for:New and Expectant MothersNew and expectant mothers may be more at risk than others inrelation to certain work activities, working environments, exposureto biological agents and chemical hazards. The definition of a newor expectant mother is someone who is pregnant, has given birthwithin the previous six months, or is breastfeeding.

Employees Responsibilities� Provide Supervisor/Manager with written notification that she ispregnant, has given birth in the last six months or that she isbreastfeeding.

� Keep Supervisor/Manager informed of any advice given by theirdoctor affecting their health & safety at work.

Managers Responsibilities� When informed by employee that they are a new or expectantmother complete Corporate New and Expectant Mother RiskAssessment Form.

� Ensure findings of the risk assessment are communicated fully toemployee(s) concerned.

� Review risk assessment at least once per trimester and on returnto work.

Young EmployeesAyoung person is anyone under 18 years old. A child is anyone whohas not yet reached the official age of which they may leave school,

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just before or just after their 16th birthday (minimum school leavingage (MSLA)).

Young employees require a specific and more detailed riskassessment to be carried out by their Supervisor/Manager beforestarting employment or work placement/experience for DurhamCounty Council. Such an assessment is needed because youngemployees/trainees may lack work experience and in particular,perception of the hazards and risks associated with work activities/working environment.

Training

Your individual health & safety training requirements will beidentified through a number of processes such as appraisal, riskassessment, accident/incident/ill-health or near miss investigationsand training needs analysis.

Anyone commencing employment with Durham County Councilshould receive induction training covering areas such as health &safety procedures and fire drill etc from a nominated person i.e.supervisor/line manager or person from within their section/ place ofwork. Where identified a Corporate induction will be given.

Your training needs are also identified through the completion of aTraining Needs Profile which is a document that has been drawn uparound the general and specific health and safety requirements ofyour work, its activities and the environment in which you work i.e.office, construction site, highway, public building or clients’ home etc.Any gaps in the actual training you require will be picked up in thisanalysis. Your Supervisor/Manager should ensure that you receiveany necessary training identified in this training needs analysis.

Refresher training will be required at various stages throughout yourcareer with Durham County Council to update your skills andknowledge i.e. first aiders.

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You may also require health & safety training that has beenidentified as a control measure in a risk assessment or fromrecommendations given in an accident/incident/ill-heath or nearmiss investigation report.

Accidents/Incidents/Ill-Health/Near Misses

� All employees must report all accidents, incidents, near missesand cases of work-related ill health to their Supervisor/Managerand co-operate in the completion of the Corporate Accident/Incident/Ill-Health or Near Miss Report Form and subsequentinvestigations. On-line version (available from 2012).

� If you require a Report Form ask your Supervisor/Manager forone.

� The prime reason for reporting and investigating accidents/incidents/near misses and work-related ill health is toprevent any recurrence in the future, not to apportion blame.

First Aid

� All injuries should be reported and treatedimmediately – even minor injuries can becomeinfected if left untreated.

� Any first-aid treatment administered should be recorded on theCorporate Accident/Incident/Ill-Health or Near Miss Report Form.

� If you have not already been introduced to the first aider(s) and/orappointed person(s) for your place of work advise yourSupervisor/Manager, and arrange an introduction.

� Only fully qualified first aid personnel can administer first aidtreatment.

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What should I put in the first-aid box?There is no standard list of items to put in a first-aid box. It dependson what you assess the needs are. However, as a guide, and wherethere is no special risk in the workplace, a minimum stock of firstaid items would be:

a leaflet giving guidance on first aid e.g. HSE leaflet Basic adviceon first aid at work ;

20 individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings (assortedsizes);

two sterile eye pads;

four individually wrapped triangular bandages (preferably sterile);

six safety pins;

two large (approximately 18cm x 18cm) sterile

individually wrapped unmedicated wound dressings;

one pair of disposable gloves.

You should not keep tablets or medicines in the first-aid box.

The above is a suggested contents list only; equivalent but differentitems will be considered acceptable.

Asbestos

Asbestos containing materials are present in manybuildings especially those that were constructed,refurbished or altered between 1950 and the mid eighties.Suspect asbestos containing materials around boilers, pipes andcolumns, in ceiling tiles, partition boards, soffits, fire breaks, rooffelting, roof spaces and under floor ducts.Before you panic! – if asbestos containing materials are present

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this does not mean there is a risk to health. The best way to manageasbestos is to keep it contained. It is therefore important that thematerials are not disturbed, remain encapsulated and that anydamage is repaired promptly by competent personnel trained to doso.

NO DAMAGE – NO DANGEREvery person managing or working within such a building shouldassume the presence of asbestos containing materials within thepremises unless documentation (asbestos survey/managementplan) is available that confirms otherwise. Information on previoussurveys can be obtained from the Asbestos Management Unit(Please refer to Useful Contacts and Sources of Information at theback of this Handbook).Site arrangements must ensure that no entry into roof spaces,underfloor ducts or any repair, maintenance, renovation, conversion,or alteration takes place unless the location and condition ofasbestos containing materials is known.Trained persons must carry out a survey and have the type ofasbestos identified by an accredited laboratory. Any remedial workor removal of asbestos containing material must be carried out bya licensed contractor.Only after these steps have been taken and a certificate is receivedconfirming that air sampling results are satisfactory should entry orwork be permitted.Safety arrangements should ensure good housekeeping and thesensible layout of furniture and equipment to prevent damage toasbestos containing materials e.g. keep desks and chairs away fromwall panels, keep boiler houses tidy and don’t stack ladders orequipment against pipe lagging.You must not cut, drill, scrape or otherwise disturb any part of abuildings structure unless it has been positively confirmed not tocontain asbestos.

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Within County Hall, educational premises or other buildingsidentified as having asbestos, ensure that you are not securingdecorations to asbestos containing materials. Seek advice if youare in doubt.If you suspect that you have discovered asbestos, leave it aloneand tell your Supervisor/Manager immediately.

IF IN DOUBT ASK

Consumption of Alcohol

There is a ban on alcohol consumption during normalworking hours at any County Council property, withexceptions detailed below.

Exceptions� Where premises are used for special functions either during oroutside of the normal working day – for example, receptions inCounty Hall or public events at outreach premises such aslibraries.

� In certain establishments, for example, at BishopAuckland TownHall and in certain properties such as community centres, analcohol licence may be in place and a public bar may be availableon site during the day. Officers of the Council may consumealcohol when attending a function or event at one of theselocations, in connection with their role. Employees consumingalcohol in these circumstances remain bound by the primaryrequirements of the Drugs, Substance & Alcohol Misuse Policy.

� Chief Officers, along with the Leader and Chair of the CountyCouncil, also have discretion to allow some consumption ofalcohol within Council premises in specific circumstances – forexample, to recognise the retirement of a long-serving employee.

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� For social or seasonal reasons, some consumption of alcoholmay be permitted during lunch periods, or prior to work (forexample, shift workers). However, all those covered by the scopeof the policy will be expected to attend work without being underthe influence of alcohol, and to ensure their work performance isnot adversely impaired by alcohol.

ProhibitionsThe consumption of alcohol prior to or during the working day willnot be permitted for employees involved in:� Driving duties;� Operating machinery, electrical equipment & ladders and any jobwhere the consumption of alcohol would have a negative effecton the individual’s ability to use a high degree of skill andjudgement;

� Working with vulnerable client groups – for example, children andolder people, and

� Working in an environment where appropriate functioning wouldbe adversely influenced by alcohol – for example, whereconfidence in the Council and its reputation would be negativelyaffected.

The above list is not necessarily exhaustive.

Control of Fire Risk

� Follow instructions – perform your tasks correctlyand safely. Know and follow all safety procedures.Stay clear of prohibited areas. Don’t cut corners.

� Work safely – always keep your work area tidy. Don’t obstructaccess to fire exits and fire extinguishers – they may need to bereached in a hurry. Seek assistance if necessary to remove anyobstructions. If obstructions cannot be removed inform yourSupervisor/Manager.

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Know what materials around you could ignite accidentally. Handleand store dangerous materials with extreme care.

� Maintain equipment properly – keep all equipment in goodcondition. Report all defects in particular frayed wires,overloaded circuits, spills, unprotected flammable materials, andlack of fire fighting equipment to your Supervisor/Manager.

� Use flammable substances safely – handle with care. Followprocedures. Read container labels carefully and carry out allrecommended precautions. Avoid spills and drips.

� Always report – used or damaged fire-fighting equipment(extinguishers, hose reels or fire blankets) to your Supervisor/Manager. Defective fire alarms, smoke detectors and damagedfire doors etc must be reported to your Supervisor/Manager.

� Maintain good housekeeping standards by ensuring that:

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Floor clear of rubbish and spills.

Fire exits, corridorsand doorways.

clear and free from obstructions.

Storage areas clear and tidy.

Clothing clean and free from contamination.

Rubbish safely contained and disposed ofregularly into the correct location.

Tools and equipment clean and stored correctly.

Fire fighting equipment near a safe means of escape andaccessible at all times.

Electrical equipment protected and isolated and allelectrical control cabinets are keptclosed and locked.

It is essential that all employees know what to do in the event ofdiscovering a fire or upon hearing the fire alarm. Locate andfamiliarise yourself with the fire instructions for the premises youare working in. Familiarise yourself with the escape routes andassembly points for the premises.

If you discover a fire:� Raise the alarm at the earliest possible opportunity.� If it is not done automatically, call 999 to inform the emergencyservices (fire & rescue) of the fire and location.

� Follow local fire evacuation procedure.If you are not already sure of the emergency/fire arrangementsfor your place of work, check with your Supervisor/Manager orPremises Manager immediately.Do not attempt to fight the fire. Leave the building.If fighting a fire (trained personnel only) with an extinguisherthen always ensure there is a safe means of escape behindyou. Do not allow yourself to become trapped.If alarm is raised:� Leave the area quickly and calmly and close any doors behindyou.

� Do not stop to collect personal belongings.� If applicable, ensure your visitors leave with you.� Do not attempt to extinguish the fire unless you are trained andit is safe to do so.

� Evacuate the premises by the nearest available exit.� Move away from the buildings and proceed to the designated fireassembly point.

� Remain at the fire assembly point and do not re-enter the buildinguntil the all clear is given.

� Arrangements for disabled persons (i.e. staff or visitors) shouldbe considered in the specific premises fire risk assessment. Thisshould take the form of a Personal Emergency Evacuation Plan(PEEP).

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Emergency Procedures

Only trained personnel should attempt to extinguish afire and then only when it is safe to do so. Suchpersonnel should know the exact location of fire fighting equipment.

Types of fire extinguisher and their use

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Fire Extinguishers/Fire Blankets

In addition to the above fire extinguishers, fire blankets are used toextinguish fires in a kitchen environment (cooking oil, fat pans,waste bins etc) and clothing fires provided the blanket completelycovers the fire.

Type of FireType of Extinguisher/Description

Water

Description BS ENSymbol

Red body withred label

Red body withcream label

Red body withblack label

Red body withblue label

Red body withyellow label

AFFFFoam

CarbonDioxide

ABC DryPowder

WetChemical

Wood, paper,textiles, etc.,and othercarbonaceousmaterialsPetrol, oil, fats,paints, etc.,and otherflammableliquids

Flammablegases

Flammablemetals such asaluminium,magnesium,titanium

Speciallyformulateddry powder

Electricalhazards

Cooking oiland fat

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � �

� � � ��

Employees should be particularly vigilant of anysuspicious packages. A suspicious package is any itemthat is out of place and cannot be accounted for. Such a packageshould be treated with extreme caution and its presence should bereported to your manager.

Terrorists sometimes telephone threats of bomb attacks. Theoverwhelming number of telephoned bomb threat calls are madeby malicious pranksters whose threats are empty. But making suchcalls is a criminal offence and they should always be reported to thePolice.

A procedure for dealing with suspicious packages/bomb threats is inplace. In the event of a suspect package being found the fire andevacuation procedure shall be used and further instructions issuedfollowing evacuation.

If you have not been told what the procedure is at your place of workadvise your Supervisor/Manager or query with your PremisesManager.

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SuspiciousPackages/BombThreats

With the increase in the use of computer technologyin all walks of life people are spending more andmore time in front of a display screen. Employees identified as"Users" of display screen equipment (DSE) should undertake anassessment using the Corporate DSE Workstation RiskAssessment Checklist. This form is available from yourSupervisor/Manager. As a “DSE User” you are entitled to eyesight tests upon request via your Supervisor/Manager.

Establish a Comfortable WorkstationSitting� Retain the spinal "S" curve by sitting correctly.

� Adjust your backrest to support the lumbar curve.

� Adjust your seat height so your elbows are at 90o.

� Keep your wrists and forearms in line with your elbows.

� Move your keyboard so you can rest your wrists.

� Use window blinds or adjust lighting levels to eliminate glare.

� Keep your desk clean and tidy.

� Feet should be placed firmly on the floor unless identified in aDSE assessment that a footrest is required.

Establish a Varied Work Routine where Possible� Take regular short breaks away from the display screen.

� Move your body position.

� Have a system of work which includes natural breaks away fromthe display screen.

� During breaks try to do other activities that do not involve closereading or using your hands and wrists.

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Display Screen Equipment (DSE)

Try These Exercises� Let your eyes rest – spend time refocusing your eyes on distantobjects e.g. the view from a window – roll your eyes to look up.To the right, down and then left – cover your eyes for a while torest from any glare.

� Neck relaxation – put your shoulders back, look up at the ceilingand relax your neck.

� Roll your shoulders – let your arms hang loose and roll yourshoulders in a circular motion.

� Relax your fingers – alternate between making a fist andspreading your fingers.

� Hand/wrist relaxation – use one hand to bend the other hand toflex your wrist, repeat with the other hand.

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Nationally, it has been estimated that up to a third of allroad traffic accidents involve somebody who is at workat the time. This accounts for approximately 200 roaddeaths and serious injuries every week.

Many road traffic accidents do occur through lapses in driverconcentration, human error, failure to observe the Highway Codeand poor condition of vehicle. It is the intention of this section of thehandbook to cover:

� General Driving Safety;� Winter Motoring, and� Driver Fatigue.

Information on personal safety in a car/vehicle is contained inthe Personal Safety Section of this handbook.Risks associated with the use of mobile telephones in vehiclesare covered in the Mobile Telephone Section of this handbook.General Driving SafetyDrivers of motor vehicles should:� Comply with the Highway Code at all times.

� Ensure that the vehicle is roadworthy and complies with statutoryrequirements.

� If a Durham County Council vehicle, ensure any pre-use checksin place for that type of vehicle and if applicable, ancillaryequipment i.e. trailers etc. are carried out.

� Comply with any workplace/site-imposed restrictions such asspeed limits, pedestrian routes, parking and one-way systemsetc.

� Drive or ride carefully and in accordance with the prevailingweather conditions at the time i.e. snow, ice, wind, fog and rainetc.

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Driving at Work

� Comply with medical advice given by general practitioners andhealth professionals in relation to driving. Certain medicines/treatments may affect your driving. Always read the instructionson medicine packaging.

� Comply with guidance given in Durham County Council’s Code ofPractice for the use of Mobile Telephones.

� Ensure that routine checks on fuel levels, tyre pressure/depth,water levels etc are carried out.

Winter MotoringThe British weather is unpredictable. Winter can be especiallyhazardous. If you must use a motor vehicle during severe weather,make sure you are prepared for the conditions.The guidance given is not exhaustive.

Your Vehicle� Keep your windscreen, windows and mirrors clear of frost andice.

� Add anti-freeze to the radiator and screen wash to the washerbottle.

� Make sure lights and indicators are working.

� Check that all tyres have a good tread depth (legal minimum is1.6mm across the centre three-quarters of the breadth of the tyreand around the entire circumference).

� Ensure there is enough fuel for your journey.

� Have an emergency pack i.e. ice scraper, de-icer, torch, blanket,boots and spade etc. You may need it if you get into problems.

Your Journey� Before setting off, assess whether it is safe to carry out your journey.Check the local and national weather forecasts and the traffic news.Listen to travel information on radio or check the Intranet.

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� Set off earlier to allow for the need to drive slower, possible holdups due to blocked roads and possible single lane traffic movingslowly.

� Keep a longer gap than normal between you and the vehicle infront, at least 2 seconds. Where there is ice and snow on theroad, allow at least a 10 second gap.

� Brake, accelerate and steer more gently to avoid losing control ofyour vehicle.

� Use dipped headlights.

Yourself� Remember, driving in adverse weather conditions is much moretiring than normal. Always allow more time for your journey.

� Comply with any lone working procedures that may be in placefor when you are on Authority business but are not at your placeof work or designated base.

� If you do get into difficulty; stay with your vehicle if possible untilhelp arrives and if you have to leave your vehicle, make yourselfvisible to other road users.

Driver FatigueNationally, more than 300 people a year are killed and many moreare seriously injured where a driver has fallen asleep at the wheelof a motor vehicle. 20% of accidents on motorways and othermonotonous roads are caused by a driving falling asleep at thewheel, mostly involving running off the road or into the back ofanother vehicle.

Sleep-related crashes are particularly dangerous and likely to resultin serious injury because the driver won’t have woken in time tobrake before impact.

Research shows that:� Drivers do not fall asleep without warning or prior sleepiness.

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� Getting out of the vehicle for a walk will have only a limited effect.

� Opening the window and/or turning on the radio will have littleeffect on your tiredness.

� No amount of will power will keep you awake.

� Caffeine does help but it takes about 30 minutes to revive you.

Do� Try to get a good night’s sleep before starting a long drive.

� If you’re already tired, never start a long journey.

� Stop in a safe place when you feel tired. If driving on themotorway do not stop on the hard shoulder, take the next exitand find somewhere to park or stop at the next motorway servicearea.

� Plan your journey to include at least a 15 minute break every twohours of driving or sooner if feeling tired.

� If you can, avoid an unusually early start to your trip, or a longdrive home after a full day’s work.

� Share the driving if possible.

� Try to avoid long trips between midnight and 6 a.m. when youare likely to fall asleep anyway.

Electrical SafetyThousands of people are killed or injured each year asa result of electrical shocks.

Many fires are reported each year as being caused by electricalfaults.

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You could be a victim if you:� Are careless around electricity.

� Use equipment carelessly.

� Use equipment for a job it is not intended to be used for.

� Use faulty equipment.

Electrical injuries – it is the flow of electrical current that causesshock injuries.

The effects on the body include:� Breathing stops and muscles can become temporarily paralysed.

� Heartbeat is interrupted so blood stops circulating.

� Heat causes internal bleeding and destruction of nerves andmuscles.

There are other injuries that may occur from electrical power e.g.� Burns resulting from electrical flash or arcing.

� Mechanical injuries from machinery starting unexpectedly.

� Falls from losing balance when accidentally touching liveequipment.

Electrical Safety Measures� Cut off the supply – switch off or isolate all equipment/machinery before adjusting or maintaining.

� Don’t touch water – or damp surfaces while you are touchingunearthed metal or bare wires. Keep electrical equipment dry.

� Check equipment – to ensure that the insulation is not brokenor damaged. Ensure that the insulation sheath enters into boththe plug and equipment.

� Maintain equipment – keep equipment in good condition andfree from damage.

� Damaged equipment – all electrical equipment must only be

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repaired by suitably qualified and authorised staff. Damagedequipment should be passed onto your Supervisor/Manager to betaken out of use.

� Housekeeping – keep equipment clean and free from dust, oiland moisture. Always cover or tape down trailing cables.

� Fire – never use water on an electrical fire. Use a carbon dioxideor dry powder extinguisher.

� Training – if unsure how to operate electrical equipment, stopand inform your Supervisor/Manager. Never carry out taskswithout the necessary authorisation.

Never carry out repairs or alterations to electrical equipmentunless suitably qualified and authorised to do so.Report all defects to your Supervisor/Manager.Never carry or drag electrical equipment by its cable/flex.FOLLOW SAFETY RULES AND DO NOT TAKE CHANCES

Hazardous Substances

There should be Control of Substances Hazardous toHealth (COSHH) assessments with accompanyingcurrent Manufacturers’ Safety Data Sheets (MSDS’s) in place forall hazardous substances used or produced in the workplace. If youhave been told if there are any substances at your place of workthat require such an assessment, notify your Supervisor/Manager.Such an assessment should also include by-products i.e. dust,vapours and fumes etc. Familiarise yourself with the assessmentsfor substances you use at work and follow all safety instructions.Ask your Supervisor/Manager for more information.

Substances harmful to the body may enter by four main routes.These are:

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� Absorption – through the skin, including entry through cuts andabrasions and the eyes.

� Ingestion – through the mouth, which is generally considered tobe a rare method of contracting industrial disease.

� Inhalation – the most important route of entry, which can allowdirect attacks against the lung tissue, which bypass otherdefences such as those of the liver.

� Injection – through puncture wounds i.e. needlestick/syringeinjuries and contact with sharp objects. Compressed air if usedinappropriately can be injected through the skin.

All hazardous substances MUST be clearly identified.� Where hazardous substances are decanted from one containerto another, both containers must carry identification of thecontents and any hazard warning markings.

� A complete inventory file of all hazardous substances usedshould be kept.

� COSHH assessments and current MSDS’s must be held for allhazardous substances in use. This file must be easily accessibleat all times to the user.

� In the event that someone needs to be taken to hospital as aresult of using a hazardous substance, the MSDS provide vitalinformation which medical staff will require in order to ensureprompt treatment.

It is of vital importance that employees maintain high standards ofpersonal hygiene by:

� Not smoking, eating or drinking when handling and usinghazardous substances.

� Removing protective clothing and washing hands before usingthe toilet, smoking, eating or drinking.

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The following symbols are the main warnings used to identifysubstances hazardous to health:

InformationLabels and data sheets provide vital information that you need toknow before using hazardous substances.

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Corrosive Explosive Oxidising

Flammable/HighlyFlammable

Dangerousfor the

environment

Harmful/Irritant Very Toxic/Toxic

First aid instructions: What to do if someone is injured –e.g. "Irrigate the eyes with water for15 minutes".

Precautions: How to avoid injury or ill health – e.g."Avoid contact with eyes" or "Washhands thoroughly after handling".

Emergency procedures: What to do with fires, leaks or spills, -e.g. How to clean up.

Handling and storage: Type of container, how to dispose ofcontainers – e.g. "Store away fromheat sources".

Routes of exposure: How chemicals may enter your body– e.g. inhalation, absorption throughthe skin, swallowing.

Personal ProtectiveEquipment

Type of equipment that should beworn – : e.g. respirators, gloves,aprons, goggles, etc.

Your Building, Your Safety, Your Responsibility –Help us by helping yourselfYou should attempt to answer or find the answers to all of thefollowing questions. When you have completed this, you will havegreatly increased your safety awareness and reduced thelikelihood of having an accident whilst at work.

Fire� Where are the nearest fire exits?

� Is there clear access to fire exits, fire extinguishers and hose reels?

� Where is the nearest fire fighting equipment?

� Where is the allocated fire assembly point?

� How do I activate the alarm if necessary?

� What does the alarm sound like?

� Where are safe refuge areas located?

Housekeeping� Are the corridors and work areas clear and free from spillage andobstruction including waste?

� Is all equipment stored/located in a designated area?

� Is all material stored in a safe manner?

� Is waste material disposed of in a correct manner?

Hazardous Substances� What hazardous substances are used or stored in the area?

� Have you been trained in the use of the hazardous substances?

� Are the COSHH assessments and current MSDS’s available forall hazardous substances in use? If so, where are they held?

� What are the procedures in the event of serious and imminentdanger?

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Know Your Working Environment

Electrical� Are items of electrical equipment tested as per the timescalesagreed by your service?

� Are pre-use checks looking for obvious signs of visible damageto electrical equipment carried out before use?

� Are there any trailing cables?

� Is all electrical equipment switched off when leaving site?

Risk Assessments� Do you know where the risk assessments are kept for your workactivities and workplace?

Machinery & Equipment� Are all necessary guards fitted and used?

� Have you had adequate training in the use of machinery/equipment?

� Do you know how to stop all machinery/equipment in use?

� Are you confident about using the machinery/equipment?

Manual Handling� What manual lifting and carrying is being undertaken?

� What weight are the objects you need to carry?

� Have you tested the weight of the items you need to carry?

� Have manual handling assessments been carried out?

� What are the control measures?

First Aid� Where is the nearest first aid box?

� How do you contact a first aider?

� Who are the first aiders?

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� If travelling during working hours on behalf of the authority, haveyou been issued with a travelling first aid kit?

IF IN DOUBT ABOUT ANY OF THE ABOVE - ASK

Machine/Equipment Safety

Many serious accidents involve machinery.

There are a wide range of hazards associated with machinery/equipment. ALL users of machinery/equipment MUST recognisethese hazards in order to ensure appropriate precautions are taken.

The main hazards are as follows:

� Hair or clothing can become entangled in rotating parts.

� Shearing can occur between two moving parts.

� Crushing can occur between two parts.

� People can be struck by moving parts.

� Cuts can result from contact with sharp edges.

� Material can be ejected from machinery.

� Parts of the body can be drawn in or trapped between movingparts.

� Sharp pointed parts can puncture skin.

� Friction or abrasion is possible from contact with rough surfaces.

One machinery hazard often overlooked is the risk of people fallinginto/against machinery as a result of poor housekeeping in the areaaround the machine. It is vital that all floors around machines arekept clean and tidy and free from spillage.

The following checklists provide guidance on the Do’s and Don’tsthat should be applied when working on or around any machinery.

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DO’S F..� Only use machinery/equipment that you have receivedinformation, instruction and training on and have the authority touse.

� Carry out pre-use checks of machinery/equipment before usingit. Look for obvious signs of visible damage i.e. signs of wear andtear, frayed cables etc.

� Always know how to stop the machine/equipment before youstart it.

� Always ensure ALL guards are in position and ALL protectivedevices are working.

� Always ensure the area around the machine/equipment is clean,tidy and free from obstruction.

� Always inform your Supervisor/Manager immediately if you thinka machine is not working properly or any safeguards are faulty.

� Always ensure you are wearing the appropriate protectiveclothing and equipment.

� Inform your Supervisor/Manager if you are taking any prescribeddrugs that might affect your ability to use machinery/equipmentsafely.

DON’TS F..� Never use a machine unless you are authorised and trained to doso.

� Never try to clean a machine in motion – switch off and unplug itor lock it off.

� Never use a machine or appliance that has a danger sign or tagattached to it. Danger signs should only be removed by anauthorised person who is satisfied that the machine is safe.

� Never wear dangling chains, loose clothing, gloves, rings or havelong hair hanging loosely.

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� Never distract people who are using machines.

� Never use machinery/equipment that you and/or your colleagueshave identified as being damaged.

� Never work on any machinery unless you are authorised to do so!Items such as electric drills which you may use in your own homemust not be used unless you are authorised.

Please refer to the Consumption of Alcohol Section in thishandbook with regards to prohibitions.

Manual HandlingYour back is one of the most injury prone parts of yourbody. About half of all back injuries result from improperlifting.

Your back is a complex system, which allows you to walk, sit, stand,lift, bend, work, play and sleep.

There are six steps to correct lifting:

� Feet shoulder width apart, one foot ahead of the other in thedirection of the intended movement.

� Knees bent (not squat) – gain most effective power from thighmuscles. Mid position the best.

� Back straight – not necessarily vertical, leaning forward slightly.Centre of gravity over the load.

� Arms close to the body – nearer the centre of gravity.

� Hands palm grasp – roots of the fingers and palm of the hand.

� Head looking forward, to prevent rounded shoulders and curvedspine.

The following are general rules, which should be applied for allsituations:

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� Do not lift any object unless you have to – Use a mechanical aid.� Stand close to the object – Have a firm footing with feet spreadon either side of the load.

� Keep your back straight. Bend your knees.� Grasp the object firmly – Be sure your grip won’t slip.� Lift with your legs – Slowly straighten your legs. After legs arestraight, bring back to vertical position.

� Keep the object close to your body throughout the operations.� Avoid twisting your body. If you must change direction, move yourfeet instead.

� Lift smoothly. Avoid jerky motions.THINK THINGS THROUGH BEFORE YOU LIFT

Remember always to:� Examine the object – Check the size, shape and weight. Decidewhere and how you are going to hold it. Check for grease, oiland sharp edges. Extra care should be taken with awkwardshapes as these often present more risk than smaller heavyobjects.

� Clear the route – Ensure the path you will take is free fromobstructions and tripping hazards.

� Get help – If you have any doubts about lifting an object, ask forassistance.

� Store heavier items at waist height – this reduces the need forexcessive bending or stretching.

� Where mechanical lifting aids such as hoists and attachmentsetc are used ensure that there is an up to date service stickerpresent on the equipment. If not in date, do not use the liftingequipment and report this immediately to your line manager.

� Consider the Load, Individual, Task or Environment (LITE).It might be said that “A little thought will make LITE work of the load.”

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The use of mobile telephones at work offers aconvenient and efficient means of communication. Insome circumstances they can also have safety benefitsin terms of security and use in emergencies.

Using a hand held phone or other communication device whiledriving severely limits the driver’s ability to physically control thevehicle in a safe manner. Research shows that using a mobilephone while driving means you are four times more likely to beinvolved in a road accident. The law requires a driver to have propercontrol of his or her vehicle at all times. Consequently, driving in acareless or dangerous manner through use of a hand held phonecould result in legal action. Even with hands free telephones invehicles it is safer not to use them while driving as conversationscan distract attention from the road.

The use of ‘DCC issue’ and personal mobile telephones (includingcradle type/ear-piece hands free) whilst driving duringAuthority timeor onAuthority business is not permitted. You must switch off mobiletelephones whilst driving and must find a safe place to park and turnoff the vehicle ignition before making or receiving calls, or checkingfor messages or missed calls.

The only exception to the above is for authorised and properly fittedhands free kits (i.e. fitted by a competent person with fixed speakersand microphones). These can be used whilst driving in Authoritytime but only after discretion is exercised.

In the interests of safety, it is strongly recommended that you adoptthe above guidance for use of personal mobile telephones whendriving your vehicles in your own time.

Health and safety precautions to be followed when using mobilephones for council business:

� Refer to any specific manufacturer’s safety information suppliedwith your phone.

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Mobile Telephones

� Only use a mobile phone when necessary. Where possiblealways use an ordinary ‘landline’ phone instead. Encouragecallers to use answerphones and message taking services andto contact you on the mobile only when the call is urgent.

� When you have to use a mobile phone, use it for a short durationonly.

� Do not press the phone tight against your ear. Leave a slight gapbetween the phone and your ear to reduce the concentration ofabsorbed energy.

� If you have to make an unavoidably lengthy call, change thephone periodically from ear to ear in order to minimise localisedconcentration of absorbed energy.

� If you have a cardiac pacemaker or other medically implantedelectronic equipment, seek medical advice before using a mobilephone. Advice can be sought from the Occupational HealthService (Please refer to Useful Contacts and Sources ofInformation at the back of this Handbook).

� Switch off your phone when at a petrol refuelling station or whennear any other potentially flammable atmosphere, e.g. paintspraying or bottled gas storage. Please note that a mobile willcontinue to transmit responses if left on stand-by.

� Hand held mobile phones should not be used whilst driving.When driving switch off the phone and use a message service,or allow a passenger to answer or make the call.

� On a long journey take regular breaks to check for messages andto make any necessary calls. Park in a suitable location, and if itis safe to do so get out of the vehicle to make a call.

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Noise enables us to communicate, and can createpleasure in the form of music and speech. Our ears arefull of sensitive hair cells. Exposure to noise candamage these cells and they can’t be repaired. Damage can becaused by a single, loud noise such as an explosion, or by longerexposure to loud noise such as machinery or music.

Employers have a legal duty to protect their employees for theharmful effects of noise at work. The best solution is to eliminatethe noise at source. When this is not possible the employer shouldtake steps to reduce it to the lowest practicable level and as a lastresort provide suitable ear protection.

Do you have a noise problem at work?This will depend on how loud the noise is and how long people areexposed to it. As a simple guide you may have a problem if:

� You have to shout to be clearly heard by someone 2m away.

� Your ears are still ringing after leaving the workplace.

� People use equipment which causes loud explosive noises suchas cartridge-operated tools or guns.

What should you do?� Use noise control equipment provided. If you work at a machinewhich is meant to have silencers or enclosures, make sure theyare always in place and working properly.

� Use ear protectors. Wherever there is a serious risk of hearingdamage your employer must provide you with ear protectors andyou must wear them.

� Look after your ear protectors, learn how to use them properlyand keep them clean. Damaged, dirty protectors will not workproperly and could cause an ear infection.

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Noise at Work

� Don’t ignore faulty equipment. If you find something wrong withyour ear protectors or noise control equipment, or you haveproblems with them, tell your Supervisor/Manager who can get itput right.

� Don’t neglect your hearing. If you think there is something wrongwith your hearing see your own doctor or if you believe it is workrelated tell your Supervisor/Manager.

Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)Across the service areas of Durham County Council, awide range of work activities take place that require employees towear, use and store Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Ifhazards cannot be controlled in other ways, it is the responsibility ofyour Supervisor/Manager to carry out an assessment of need withthe aim of providing suitable PPE to protect you against one or morerisks to your health.

Examples of PPE include:� Safety glasses/goggles

� Gloves

� Safety helmets

� Ear defenders/plugs

� High-visibility clothing

� Safety harnesses

� Respiratory protection (disposable face masks and half maskrespirators etc)

� Disposable aprons

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Waterproof, weatherproof or insulated clothing is regarded as PPE,only if it is necessary to protect employees against adverse climaticconditions that could otherwise adversely affect their health orsafety. Ordinary working clothes and uniforms that don’t specificallyprotect against risks to health and safety are not classed as PPE.

As an employee, you should ensure that:� You understand the correct use, care and storage of your PPE.� You follow instructions and report any defects or problems to yourSupervisor/Manager.

� You don’t misuse or interfere with anything provided for healthand safety purposes.

� You know how and when to replace PPE.

Personal Safety

On foot� If you have a personal alarm, carry it with you at all times.� Think ahead. Stay alert. Be aware of what is going on aroundyou.

� Walk with confidence and purpose.� Avoid short-cuts through dimly lit alleys or across waste ground.Keep to busy well lit roads.

� Walk facing the traffic so that a car cannot pull up behind youunnoticed.

� Walk in the middle of the pavement so you have a good view ofdoorways and alleys.

� Keep your hands out of your pockets so that you are always freeto defend yourself.

� If you regularly work late, try to vary your route home.

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� Keep your wallet in a secure place and if you are carrying ahandbag keep it close to your body.

� If someone does grab your bag, let it go rather than risk injury infighting.

� If a motorist in a car threatens you run away in the oppositedirection to the way the car is facing.

� If you think you are being followed, cross the road and keepwalking. If you are still being followed, make for the nearest busyarea, an open shop or a well-lit house and, if necessary, ask forhelp.

On public transport� Avoid using isolated bus stops, particularly after dark.� On a train sit in a compartment where there are several otherpeople – ideally in a compartment which will be near an exit.

� Sit in a position which allows a good view of your surroundings.

In a vehicle� Plan your route and ensure you have enough fuel to get thereand back.

� Keep your vehicle in good working order.� When driving in areas where you feel concerned for yourpersonal safety, for any reason, keep the windows closed anddoors locked.

� Keep your handbag/briefcase out of site.� If your vehicle breaks down and you are waiting for assistance,sit in the passenger seat as this suggests to others you arewaiting for someone to return.

� At night, park in a well lit place preferably in a busy area. Try notto park in poorly lit streets. Always park as close to yourdestination as possible.

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� In a multi-storey car park, find a space close to the exit, near tothe ground level. When returning, have your keys ready to thatyou can get in quickly.

� Lock up, putting valuables in the boot. When you return,remember to check the back seat before getting in.

� If working late in the office, move your vehicle to a well-lit area.

Road Rage� To avoid a potential incident do not get defensive with anotherdriver if they are angered by a driver error. Acknowledge yourmistake with a wave or say sorry.

� Do not lose your temper. Returning verbal abuse or threateninggestures will only make things worse. Avoid eye contact. It maydefuse the situation.

� If you are followed, make your way to a highly populated areaand sound your horn or flash your lights to attract attention.

� Do not rise to any challenges while you are driving, drive at thecorrect speed limit and don’t be distracted. Some people havebeen known to point to imaginary faults on a vehicle; you shouldignore them and check later in a safe place.

� If you are forced off the road by another vehicle, lock all doorsand do not leave your vehicle. If possible drive on as soon aspossible.

� Report any road rage incidents to the police, giving as muchinformation. Obtain a Corporate accident/Incident/Ill-health orNear Miss Report Form from your Supervisor/Manager andcomplete it.

� If you see another driver in difficulty, drive on and report it bytelephone as soon as you are able. Do not stop to offerassistance.

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Lone Working ProcedureAny member of staff who is working alone, either in normal workinghours or out of hours should comply with the local lone workingprocedure.

In higher risk situations this will include reporting to base at the endof the working day.

Security� Secure all valuables in lockers, desks or cupboards.

� Always lock your vehicle. Keep valuables out of sight.

� The Council accepts no responsibility for items that are lost orstolen.

Safety Signs

Prohibition Signs – Warning Sign – ‘Danger’‘Do not’ or ‘No’

Mandatory Sign – ‘Must’ Safe Condition – ‘Safety’

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Round shape withred border, whitebackground and ablack picture.

Round shape with ablue backgroundand a white picture.

Triangular shapewith black borderand picture on ayellow background.

Green backgroundwith a white picture.

Thousands of people are injured in workplace fallseach year.

Most falls are slips or trips at floor level – not falls from high places.

You can make a difference, report defects and faults to yourSupervisor/Manager.

AVOID SLIPS – Keep a look out for hazardous walkingconditions.� Hidden steps – When turning corners or stepping outside, lookout for steps that may not be obvious.

� Loose carpets – Watch for carpets or tiles that are not secured,use caution when walking over loose tiles, pavements orfloorboards. Report these problems to your Supervisor/Manager.

� Smooth surfaces – Watch for waxed or highly polished floors.

� Wet surfaces – Take care on wet surfaces, whether it is frompatches of water, ice, snow, oil or grease on the floor. In theautumn/winter, watch out for wet leaves on footpaths and steps.

AVOID TRIPS – make good housekeeping a habit.� Furniture – Arrange furniture in a safe manner to avoid creatingobstacles and sources of potential falls. Always close drawersand cupboards after use.

� Electrical Leads – If electrical cables are in use, route them alongwalls or overhead where they cannot be walked on or trippedover.

� Personal belongings – Store personal belongings in desks orlockers, so they do not create a trip hazard.

� Materials – Do not store items in corridors or stairways. Put itemsaway in their correct location. Do not leave even the smallest ofitems on the floor as this can lead to a big fall.

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Slips, Trips and Falls

AVOID FALLS – follow some basic guidelines.� Check stairways – Ensure that stairs are well lit and handrailsare secure.

� Check lighting – Make sure that lighting fittings are clean and notobscured. This is especially important on stairs.

� Equipment – Avoid working at height if it is reasonable to do so.If you have to work at height, only use appropriate accessequipment. Do not use makeshift equipment.

� Handling – Obtain help when carrying or moving heavy orawkward loads.

� Dress sensibly – Avoid clothing that may become entangled inmoving machinery or equipment. Wear flat soled shoes.

� Avoid taking short cuts – follow recognised pathways

Smoking

Employees are not permitted to smoke in any part ofCounty Council premises or vehicles. For furtherinformation, consult the Workplace Smoking Policy (Resouces).

Smoking causes many serious and fatal diseases including lungcancer, coronary heart disease, bronchitis and emphysema. It alsocauses many other cancers, respiratory diseases, strokes and canaffect fertility.

Cigarettes contain over 4,000 chemicals, around 50 of which areknown carcinogens (cancer causing). The main components oftobacco smoke are nicotine, carbon monoxide and tar, along withmany other toxic chemicals.

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Wanting to Quit SmokingHelp is available to anyone who wants to try and give up or cut backon smoking. If you would like advice on available support you couldinitially contact the Occupational Health Service (Please refer toUseful Contacts and Sources of Information at the back of thishandbook). They will be pleased to have a confidential discussionwith you about your options.

Advice from the Occupational Health Service may well includedetails of the NHS smoking cessation programmes. They are runby specialist advisors, usually through GP practices.

The Occupational Health Service have a number of easy-to-usemeasurement devices that may help in assessing the effect smokinghas on your health.

Please refer to Useful Contacts and Sources of Information at theback of this handbook for details of the NHS helplines and Internetsite to help you stop smoking.

Working at HeightFalls from height are the most common cause of fatalinjury and the second most common cause of majorinjury to employees.

Your manager should try to plan and organise working at heightactivity to avoid the need for you to work at height in the firstinstance and if this is not possible appropriate access equipmentmust be used.

Ladders, stepladders, step stools, mobile step stools (kick stools),working platforms, mobile access equipment and scaffolds are allpieces of work equipment used to assist personnel working atheight.

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You should only use access equipment that is suitable for the typeof work being undertaken and for which you have received specifictraining in the safe use of. Always follow the manufacturers’instructions, local risk assessments and method statements toensure access equipment is used/stored both correctly and safely.

Do not use access equipment if you are not fit enough, or sufferfrom giddiness or are not confident with heights.

Portable Ladder/Stepladder SafetyIf correctly used, portable ladders and stepladders can provide asafe means of temporary access when working at heights.

DoBefore using ladders/stepladders ensure that they comply with therelevant British or European standards i.e. BS EN 131 or BS 2037(metal) or BS 1129 (wood) that are fit for use at work i.e. nondomestic.

Visually inspect ladder/stepladder prior to use:� General condition sound (clean & dry, free from contaminationby mud, grease, oil and other slipping hazards such as ice)

� No cracks� No rungs or treads missing or loose� *Not painted� No stiles + damaged or bent� No warping or splitting (wood)� No corrosion (metal)� No sharp edges or dents (metal)� No rungs/treads bent (metal)� Footpads OK� Caps/rubber fittings OK

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� Hinges secure, no missing or loose screws/bolts (stepladdersonly)

� Retaining cords (if in place) of equal length, in good condition(stepladders only)

� Restraint devices OK (stepladders only)

All metal ladders/stepladders should have slip-resistant rubber orplastic feet.Damaged ladders/stepladders need professional repairing – orreplacing.* Ladders/stepladders should never be painted, as this could hidedangerous defects from view. A wooden ladder/stepladder can beprotected with clear varnish or transparent rot-proofed.+ Stiles are the outside uprights on a ladder/stepladder.

Do� Only use ladders/stepladders that have been inspected and thatare in good condition.

� Report damage to ladders/stepladders immediately to yourSupervisor/Manager and ensure that the equipment is taken outof use.

� Only use a ladder and/or stepladder if you have received trainingand are authorised to use the particular piece of accessequipment.

� Wear strong, flat shoes or boots, with dry soles and a good grip.

� Check that there are no overhead hazards near where you aregoing to work.

� Make sure when a ladder is going to be used that it is tall enough.

� When using a stepladder ensure it is open fully in its correctposition.

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� Position the stepladder so it faces the front-on to the workwhenever possible.

� Rest ladder/stepladder on a firm, level and dry surface to avoidsettlement.

� Always have both your feet on a rung (ladder) or tread(stepladder).

� Move the ladder/stepladder to avoid overstretching.

� Face the ladder while climbing and descending.

� Avoid standing on the top three rungs of a ladder or top tread ofstepladder unless it has a handrail fitted.

� Consider carefully the weather conditions, uneven ground, loosesurfaces, slippery surfaces or sloping ground before using accessequipment.

� Position ladder so that its base won’t slip outwards. Set at anangle of 75 degrees (1 out to 4 up).

� When climbing or descending a ladder, try to keep both handsfree to hold the ladder as much as possible. If you need to carryany tools, use a shoulder bag, belt holster or belt hooks.

� While working, hold onto the ladder/stepladder with one hand.

� Ensure if working in front of doorways, that door/s are locked,blocked or guarded by someone to prevent the access equipmentgetting struck.

� When using a ladder ensure stiles are tied at top, or at groundlevel (if appropriate), using suitable stakes.

� Get help if you want to move a long ladder/stepladder.

Don’t� Use ladders/stepladders that don’t comply with the appropriateBritish or European standards.

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� Use access equipment if you have not been trained and/orauthorised to use it.

� Use access equipment that has been identified as being damagedor that is in poor condition.

� Use makeshift access equipment.

� Stand ladder on top of boxes, bricks, barrels or any other unstablesurface to gain extra height.

� Stand on top 3 rungs of ladder or on top tread of stepladderunless it has a handrail to support you.

� Wear sandals, high heels, slip-ons or have bare feet on aladder/stepladder.

� Use a ladder/stepladder outdoors in a strong wind.

� Use metal ladders/stepladders near live electrical parts or powerlines. Electrical shock can occur with metal or wet wooden accessequipment. Not only is the electric shock dangerous, but also itcan cause falls resulting in injury.

� Carry heavy or bulky loads up or down ladders/stepladders.

� Over reach from ladder/stepladder – move it and be safe.

� Allow more than one person on the ladder/stepladder at one time.

� Attempt to "walk" a ladder/stepladder while standing on them.

� Slide down a ladder.

� Use ladders/stepladders if there is poor lighting that affects visionand mobility.

Step StoolsStep stools are a versatile piece of access equipment used in manyworking environments such as offices, laboratories and libraries.

A step stool is a set of steps height not exceeding 1 metre with a topplatform, which serves as a step and a seat. The steps may be fixed

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or retractable, and a back, handrail or support pole may be included.Step stools can either be rigid or mobile. Mobile steps are fitted withwheels or rollers to facilitate relocation. An example of a mobile stepstool is a kick stool.

Rigid step stool Rigid step stool Mobile step stool(without handrail) (with handrail) ("kick stool")

Do .....� Before using a step stool ensure that it complies with BS EN14183. The maximum total load (weight of user and the loadbeing handled) should not be more than 150 Kg (23.5 stones).

� Follow instructions for use provided by the manufacturer.

� As with ladders/stepladders, inspect step stool prior to use forobvious signs of visual damage such as cracks, dents, sharpedges and corrosion (metal). Also ensure step stool is free ofcontamination (mud, grease, oil and water etc). In addition, formobile step stools i.e. kick stools inspect to see that all thewheels/castors are present and that they rotate freely.

� Only use step stools that have been inspected and that are ingood condition.

� Report equipment damage immediately to your Supervisor/Manager and ensure that the step stool is taken out of use.

� Only use step stools if you have received training.

� Wear flat; firm soled footwear with dry soles and a good grip.

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� Rest step stool on a firm, level and dry surface.

� Ensure if working in front of doorways, that door/s are locked,blocked or guarded by someone to prevent user and/or step stoolgetting struck by opening door.

� if fitted with handrail, whilst working hold on to it with one hand.

Don’t .....� Use step stools that don’t comply with BS EN 14183 or exceedthe maximum total load.

� Use equipment if you have not been trained and/or authorised touse it.

� Use equipment that has been identified as being damaged or thatis in poor condition.

� Use chairs or boxes etc as improvised step stools – Use thecorrect equipment.

� Wear unsuitable footwear.

Working Platforms/Mobile Access Equipment/ScaffoldsIt is not within the scope of this handbook to cover the safe use andoperation of working platforms, mobile access equipment andscaffolds.

Only employees who have received specific training and possessthe necessary competency are to use such specialist accessequipment.

Working at Height AssessmentsThose responsible for managing working at height activities will usethe Corporate working at height risk assessment templates orequivalent for ladders, step ladders, kick/step stools, and mobiletower scaffolds available on the Intranet (see useful contacts &sources of information at the back of this handbook).

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All DCC employees who have particular responsibility for preparingand serving food must follow food safety and hygiene principles inaccordance with training they have received. For other employeeswho may occasionally work with food the following measures shouldbe followed.

Personal hygiene is very important when handling food. Some ofthe main points to remember are to:

� Tie back or cover hair.

� Wear the correct length of garment sleeves for working in theenvironment and the tasks being performed.

� Wear an apron or other protective garments where necessary.

� Remove jewellery.

� Wash hands thoroughly especially before commencing preparationof the food, between handling cooked and uncooked foods, aftergoing to the toilet etc.

� If you are suffering from any sickness and diarrhoea you mustinform your manager immediately if you are responsible forpreparing or handling food.

� Cuts and scratches should always be covered with water proofplasters to prevent cross contamination.

Avoiding cross-contamination can be achieved by;� Not using the same equipment for raw and cooked foods.

� Keeping raw and cooked foods separated. In fridges keep rawmeat on lower shelves of fridges and cooked meats on the uppershelves.

� Ensure working surfaces on which raw foods are prepared(especially meat) are thoroughly cleaned after use.

When Heating and Reheating food you must ensure that youcheck that the food is cooked thoroughly and is piping hot rightthrough. Only reheat food once.

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Food Safety and Hygiene

Storing cooked food ensures the food has been cooled as quicklyas possible and stored in a suitable container which has beenlabelled with the relevant information.

Storage and disposal of waste ensure you have a bin close bywhen you prepare and cook food then transfer into a suitableidentified and covered external storage bin for disposal.

Cleaning and washing up is an essential activity to ensure thatthe cooking / work areas and equipment are kept clean and tidythroughout. Washing up must be carried out in hot soapy water.Where a dishwasher is used ensure it is maintained in a cleancondition and items are clean when being removed after washing.

StressWhat is Stress?The Health & Safety Executive (HSE) defines stress as “Theadverse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other typesof demand placed on them.” It can be caused by things at work,home or both. Pressure can be a good thing; it often leads toimproved performance. However, when demands and pressurebecome too much, this leads to stress. If intense and prolonged thiscan lead to mental and physical ill health.

Work-related stress is “The adverse reaction people have toexcessive pressures or other types of demand placed on them atwork.”

Durham County Council is striving to manage workplace stressby;� Preventing so far as is reasonably practicable work-relatedstress, by pro-actively identifying the foreseeable causes of work-related stress and controlling or eliminating the impact of thesecauses.

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� Supporting employees to address pressures and stresses insideand outside of the workplace that may impact on their work andwellbeing.

� Providing guidance to staff and managers on the actions that theyshould take in the event of any member of staff experiencingstress at work.

� Providing mechanisms to monitor procedures and outcomes toassess the effectiveness of the stress management controls.

Further information is contained in the:� Human Resources Stress Management Policy, Guidance andToolkit.

� Human Resources Stress Prevention Actions and GuidancePolicy.

The above documents are available on the Intranet.

Durham County Council operates an employee assistanceprogramme which offers a confidential telephone counselling serviceon a wide range of personal and work related problems includingstress. Details of this service can be found in the Useful Contacts &Sources of Information section contained in this handbook.

For instances of work related stress complete the CorporateAccident/Incident/Ill-Health or Near Miss Report Form.

HomeworkingHomeworking occurs when an employee works from home, or at alocation remote from a Durham County Council base, usinginformation technology and communication equipment to helpperform their job.There are a number of benefits to homeworking. However, thereare also a number of health and safety issues, such as lone working,use of work equipment, accident reporting, display screenequipment etc that need to be considered.

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Durham County Council responsibilities� Carry out suitable and sufficient risk assessments prior to thecommencement of a homeworking agreement.

� Provide appropriate equipment e.g. computer (and associatedequipment), desk/workstation, chair, dedicated phone line,secure filing cabinet and equipment provided by Durham CountyCouncil is subject to regular inspection and maintenance.

� Carry out any required inspection and maintenance tasksassociated with equipment supplied.

� Provide insurance for all Council equipment.� Provide appropriate and comprehensive information on the risksto employees’ health and safety (as identified by the riskassessment process).

� Provide employees with appropriate health and safety information,instruction and training before they begin to use anyhomeworking equipment.

� Provide refresher training as required e.g. when any changes inworking practices occur.

Homeworker responsibilities� Agree to allow their Manager/other relevant Council employees’access to the premises for the purposes of work related activities.

� Carry out the self assessment checklist at home annually or whensignificant changes occur.

� Be aware of their individual responsibilities for health and safety.� Take suitable breaks during their working time.� Ensure they are familiar with the equipment provided for thepurposes of work.

� Visually inspect all electrical equipment before use and reportany defects promptly for repair or replacement.

Health and safety information is available from a variety of internaland external sources.

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Corporate Health & Safety UnitThe Corporate Health & Safety Unit is to provide a corporate sourceof information, advice and guidance regarding issues of OccupationalHealth and Safety.

The unit fulfils a statutory role under section 7 of the Managementof Health and Safety at Work Regulations, by providing competentpersons to assist the authority.

We are actively involved and responsible for the:

� development and maintenance of Corporate Policy and theauthority’s Corporate Health and Safety Management System.

� providing necessary training in the health & safety managementsystem.

� Monitoring and auditing of working practices and safetymanagement systems.

All members of the team are expected to fulfil any of the rolesrequired to provide a comprehensive ‘best value’ service to a largediverse organisation.

The Health & Safety Unit can be contacted via the Email address ortelephone number given below:

Corporate Health & Safety Unit0191 383 3430Email: h&sunit@durham.gov.uk

The Corporate Health & Safety Unit Homepage provides anyonewith access to the Intranet with health & safety information. Thehomepage comprises of regularly updated news page, frequentlyasked questions, hot topics and specific risk assessments orchecklists.

These assessments or checklists cover areas such as:-

� Accident/Incident Reporting

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Useful Contacts & Sources of Information

� Display Screen Equipment (DSE)

� Fire Safety

� Food Safety & Hygiene

� Lone Working

� Manual Handling Operations (Objects)

� Violence & Aggression at Work

� Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare)

Occupational Health ServiceThe Occupational Health Service is based at County Hall, Durhamand is available to all employees of Durham County Council. Theaim of the service is to contribute to a healthy workplace andworkforce by working collaboratively with employees, employersand other health related professionals. The following services arecurrently available:

� Work related health assessments.

� Advice on short and long term sickness absence management.

� Management advice on the effect of health related factors onwork or work factors on health.

� Confidential employee self-referral appointments.

� Health surveillance and health screening for work relatedconditions.

� Assessment of musculo-skeletal conditions and referral forphysiotherapy as appropriate.

� Assessment and referral for psychological/counselling supportas appropriate.

� Advice on immunisation against work-related infections, andinoculation injuries.

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� Individualised workplace risk assessments.

� Health promotion and Health Education.

Further information and guidance on the services provided bythe Occupational Health Service and related forms areavailable via the Occupational Heath Intranet site.For general enquiries or further information please contact theOccupational Health Service detailed as below.Occupational Health Service0191 383 3368Email: occhealthadmin@durham.gov.uk

First Assist Telephone Employee Care ServiceAs a Council employee you have free access to a telephoneEmployee Care Programme offering a confidential telephonecounselling service, available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.Telephone counselling can provide emotional support in helping youwork through a range of personal and work related issues andchanges such as:

� Marital & relationship difficulties� Family problems� Financial/debt problems� Alcohol & drug misuse� Stress & anxiety� Bereavement� Workplace issues� Debt counselling� Bullying & harassment

Referral for any further ‘face to face’ counselling will be assessedduring the telephone consultation and arranged where appropriate.

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Workplace Consultation and Support Service for managers is alsoavailable.

To access these services call free on 0800 716017 day or night.

Further information on this service is available via the OccupationalHealth Intranet site.

Directorate Health & Safety providersThe following services have their own dedicated health and safetyproviders:Adults, Wellbeing and HealthQuality Standards – Health & Safety/Staff Care Team0191 370 6863Email – StaffCareSafetyChildren and Young People’s ServicesHealth & Safety Team0191 383 6513Neighbourhood ServicesHealth & Safety Team0191 372 5147

National Health Service (NHS)Smoking Helpline0800 0224332Pregnancy Smoking Helpline0800 1699169www.smokefree.nhs.uk

Equalities TeamEqualities Team0191 383 4689Email – equalities@durham.gov.uk

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Trade UnionsWithin Durham County Council, recognised trade unions play animportant health & safety role. Trade unions and elected trade unionsafety representatives can provide members with valuable advice,guidance and assistance with regard to health & safety. Trade unionwebsites provide a useful source of health & safety information.

Examples include:www.tuc.org.uk www.unison.org.uk www.nut.org.ukwww.gmb.org.uk

Asbestos UnitAdvice and guidance is available by contacting the AsbestosManagement Unit at the e-mail address and telephone numbergiven below:0191 383 3393asbestos.unit@durham.gov.uk

Health & Safety Executive (HSE) and Employment MedicalAdvisory Service (EMAS)The HSE is the key health and safety agency in the UK. They arethe enforcing agency for Durham County Council and their role liesin:

� inspecting workplaces for hazards;

� giving guidance and checking compliance with the law; and

� enforcing the law by means of letters, enforcement notices andprosecution.

The principal occupational health authority is the EmploymentMedical Advisory Service (EMAS) which is a division of the HSE.Employment medical advisers carry out statutory examinations ofyoung persons and other persons, some of which are compulsoryunder specific legislation, such as the Control of Lead at WorkRegulations.

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The HSE’s/EMAS’s regional office is based at:Alnwick House,Benton Park View,Newcastle-upon-TyneNE98 1YX.

0191 202 6200

A wide range of information can be obtained from accessing theHSE’s webpage on www.hse.gov.uk

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Published January 2012 Issue 311337 Design and Print, Durham County Council

Durham County Council has put Equalityand Diversity at the heart of everything itdoes, and over the last few years, we haveimproved the way in which we support andpromote our diverse community.

No-one should be discriminated against atwork or in the way goods and services areprovided. We are committed to promotinga just society that gives everyone an equalchance to learn, work and live free fromdiscrimination and prejudice.

The County Council has a comprehensiverange of Equality policies and plans tosupport its commitment. There are,however, specific equality and diversityissues relating to Health and Safety whichare reflected in the guidance contained inthis handbook.

email: h&sunit@durham.gov.uk

0191 383 3430