Upload
angelina-powers
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Emotion
Emotion
• It is a big concept, not easy to define.
• Drever (1964) Emotion involves ‘bodily changes of a widespread character- in breathing, pulse, gland secretion, etc.- and on the mental side, a state of excitement or perturbation, marked by a strong feeling.’
RBB 2008
3
Components of Emotion
•Behavioural▫laughing, crying, agitation, withdrawal, etc.
•Physiological▫ANS activity - the ‘fight or flight response’▫Brain activity – PET and MRI Scans▫Physiological measures – GSR, EMG
•Affective (Feelings) – e.g. happiness, fear, sadness, anger, disgust – these are usually private and subjective
RBB 2008
4
Theories of Emotion
RBB 20085
Cross-cultural Research supportingBasic Emotions
• Ekman – Researched the interpretation of facial expressions cross culturally
• Peoples from different cultures consistently selected the same emotion label to describe each facial expression
• Infants and Blind children display facial expressions spontaneously – innate.
RBB 2008
6
Cross Cultural Differences
•The number and type of complex emotions may vary from culture to culture.
•Situations that trigger emotions may vary across cultures
•The socially acceptable rules for which emotions should be displayed in certain contexts may vary across cultures.
Basic Emotions• Surprise-triggered by both the unexpected event
and what might be “misexpected” event. Briefest emotion, once event is evaluated leads to another emotion .
• Fear- unpleasant, possibly the most toxic of all emotions. Varies in intensity from apprehension to terror depending on appraisal of event.
• Disgust-a feeling of aversion. Involves getting rid of or away from responses. Disgust related to Contempt difference is contempt directed at people.
Basic Emotions• Anger- probably the most dangerous.
anger aroused in four different ways:*frustration- interference in your activity or goal*physical threat- threatening injury*psychological- cause by someone’s actions or statement; rejection and/insult*moral/value threat- observing someone violate you most dearly held moral values.
Basic Emotions• Happiness- positive emotion;
*pleasure- positive physical sensations*excitement- arouse interest, opposite of bored*relief-happiness- to satisfy need*self-concept happiness- something/one enhances view of self.
• Sadness-rarely brief; suffering of physical pain, loss, disappointment, or hopelessness; sadness is a form or variation of distress
Emotions Misleading• Theory of nonverbal leakage- ways to tell, from
facial expression or body movement, feelings the person was attempting to conceal.
*emblematic messages- signals of which is very specific, the nonverbal equivalent of a common word or phrase.
*masking- using one emotion to cover up true emotion(s)*micro facial expression- brief facial expression lasting ½-1/25 of a second*concealment- (deflection, avoiding); withholding some information*falsify- concealment with added false information
Points on Emotion:• Research findings:-distorts perception-most unaware of emotion-awareness comes with emotional regulation-emotions can be out of control-short and long duration-helps cope with large groups of people-made to block conscious awareness-evolved to keep consciousness from playing with us; to deal with
consciousness-neurologically found in the Limbic System (amygdala and perhaps other
structures) in response to sensory information in most cases-usually directed towards people and objects-expressive: facial expression & other aspects of non-verbal behaviour such as
bodily posture; Emotions can be inferred from these expressions.-behavioural: fight, flight, freeze, faint-affective (feelings)-personal and subjective