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EmergencyEmergency Response to Response to
Pandemic Pandemic OutbreakOutbreak
Meagan Smith & Charity Meagan Smith & Charity StutzmanStutzman
October 21, 2009CSA 543: Legal & Ethical Issues
Overview and PurposeOverview and Purpose
The workshop will prepare Student Life Directors The workshop will prepare Student Life Directors how to respond to an emergency pandemic outbreak. how to respond to an emergency pandemic outbreak. Participating offices in the workshop are high contact Participating offices in the workshop are high contact in nature and involved in the daily life of students.in nature and involved in the daily life of students.
Given the high level of responsibility these Given the high level of responsibility these positions entail, these professionals need to be positions entail, these professionals need to be prepared to support student health and safety. In prepared to support student health and safety. In addition, these offices must be aware of potential addition, these offices must be aware of potential legal and ethical issues in order to effectively legal and ethical issues in order to effectively respond. To that end, workshop presenters will utilize respond. To that end, workshop presenters will utilize an interactive training approach to provide an interactive training approach to provide participants the opportunity to navigate a number of participants the opportunity to navigate a number of online resources and locate specific information within online resources and locate specific information within them. them.
Partners In EmergencyPartners In EmergencyWho is here?Who is here?
Health ServicesHealth Services
Campus Safety Campus Safety
Residence LifeResidence Life
Food ServicesFood Services
Nice to Meet You!Nice to Meet You!
1. Take an Index Card
2. Ask your neighbor to briefly describe the worst illness
that they’ve ever had
3. Mark your neighbor’s card and have them mark yours
4. Continue to interview other classmates for one minute
5. Follow moderator instructions after first minute has
passed
6. At the moderator’s signal, continue to interview
classmates and exchange marks for an additional
minute
7. Come together for brief discussion
What is a Pandemic?What is a Pandemic? “A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease that is geographically
widespread, occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world.”
Can be any disease (e.g., cholera, smallpox, flu)
Three Conditions Development of new virus subtype Virus infects humans Infection readily passes from one person to another
Pandemics declared by World Health Organization (WHO) based on a Six-Phase Scale
On June 11, 2009, WHO indicated the spread of H1N1 to be a Level Six pandemic
World Health World Health OrganizationOrganization
Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus in at least Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus in at least
two different countriestwo different countries
Phase 6 is characterized by community-level outbreaks in at least two Phase 6 is characterized by community-level outbreaks in at least two
different regionsdifferent regions
Designation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under wayDesignation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under way
Little History LessonLittle History Lesson
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918Three waves in the United StatesThree waves in the United States
Approximately 675,000 Americans died Approximately 675,000 Americans died
(population 105 million)(population 105 million)
Approximately 50 million fatalities worldwideApproximately 50 million fatalities worldwide
Legal and Ethical issues:Legal and Ethical issues:
Public health officials sought to stem the Public health officials sought to stem the
rising panic by censoring newspapers and rising panic by censoring newspapers and
issuing simple directivesissuing simple directives
Posters and cartoons were printed to warn Posters and cartoons were printed to warn
people of the dangers of influenzapeople of the dangers of influenza
Little History LessonLittle History Lesson
Asian Flu Pandemic of 1957Asian Flu Pandemic of 1957 Began in ChinaBegan in China
Vaccines were available by the time flu reached Vaccines were available by the time flu reached
U.S.U.S.
Virus spread quickly once school season beganVirus spread quickly once school season began
Approximately 70,000 Americans diedApproximately 70,000 Americans died
Approximately 2 million fatalities worldwideApproximately 2 million fatalities worldwide
Legal and Ethical Issues:Legal and Ethical Issues:
Researched showed that outbreaks occurred Researched showed that outbreaks occurred
most frequently after large gatheringsmost frequently after large gatherings
Schools some of first sites to report Schools some of first sites to report
outbreaksoutbreaks
Little History LessonLittle History Lesson
Hong Kong Influenza of 1968Hong Kong Influenza of 1968 Began in Southeast AsiaBegan in Southeast Asia
More deadly subtype of Asian FluMore deadly subtype of Asian Flu
Continues to be one of the most Continues to be one of the most
persistent flu strains among humanspersistent flu strains among humans
Legal and Ethical Issues:Legal and Ethical Issues:
Vaccine impact was tested on Air Force Vaccine impact was tested on Air Force
cadets who received immunization for cadets who received immunization for
Hong Kong FluHong Kong Flu
What Does History Tell What Does History Tell Us?Us?
Delayed decision and response puts populations at a greater Delayed decision and response puts populations at a greater riskrisk
Outbreaks spread more quickly among large groups of people Outbreaks spread more quickly among large groups of people living closely togetherliving closely together
Fatigue, poor diet, and high levels of stress weaken the body’s Fatigue, poor diet, and high levels of stress weaken the body’s immune systemimmune system
Young adults are more likely than older adults to contract the Young adults are more likely than older adults to contract the H1N1 virusH1N1 virus
Institutions can be held responsible for the safety and well-Institutions can be held responsible for the safety and well-being of their constituents (e.g., lawsuits for failing to provide being of their constituents (e.g., lawsuits for failing to provide enough vaccines, exposure to infected classmates in schools)enough vaccines, exposure to infected classmates in schools)
Health ServicesHealth Services
Participate in pandemic response planning and practice
Promote health and wellness measures for center staff
Ensure that the center is adequately stocked with supplies and PPE
Maintain sanitary conditions
Create a triage plan and identify outside support resources
Support student life departments with the most current health-related information and policies
Track cases of illness and provide recommendations for response
Campus SafetyCampus Safety
Outline plans for and assist with student transfers (e.g., to and from residence halls, hospitals, student’s home)
Create and enforce investigation protocols, including on-call coverage
Lead inter-departmental emergency response team in the event of a pandemic
Notify the campus community of threats to safety
Provide security of campus privacy and resources in the event of pandemic panic
Identify departments and roles key to ensuring student safety in the event of a pandemic and design a strategy to prioritize and protect those functions
Residence LifeResidence Life
Assist in developing campus pandemic housing policiesAssist in developing campus pandemic housing policies Isolation vs. Quarantine Isolation vs. Quarantine
Pandemic housing arrangementsPandemic housing arrangements
Student travel issuesStudent travel issues
Department staff duties and roles assignmentDepartment staff duties and roles assignment
Paperwork and tracing student illnessPaperwork and tracing student illness
Understand and be able to answer student questions Understand and be able to answer student questions
regarding university pandemic policy and insurance regarding university pandemic policy and insurance
plansplans
Ensure that residence hall is stocked with adequate Ensure that residence hall is stocked with adequate
supplies and communication technologiessupplies and communication technologies
Compile list of external resources for students (e.g., Compile list of external resources for students (e.g.,
doctors, hospitals, pharmacies, taxi service)doctors, hospitals, pharmacies, taxi service)
Post informational fliers about health promotionPost informational fliers about health promotion
Provide all staff with necessary response trainingProvide all staff with necessary response training
Consider the needs of all student populations, including Consider the needs of all student populations, including
students with disabilitiesstudents with disabilities
“OMG, Everyone is going to
die and they are
making us move
buildings!”
Food ServicesFood Services
Design and implement plan to feed quarantined or isolated students
Stock adequate supplies of prepared meals, disposable utensils, and PPE
Maintain sanitary conditions and provide hand-washing opportunities
Prepare for limited and contained delivery arrangements
Offer meal times and menus that accommodate ill students
Scavenger Hunt!Scavenger Hunt! Break into Groups of 5Break into Groups of 5
Find these 4 Items (handout)Find these 4 Items (handout)
Use these websites:Use these websites:
http://www.free.ed.gov/index.cfm
www.nyhealth.gov/diseases/communicable/influenza/pandemic/docs/pandemic_influenza_college_toolkit.pdf
http://www.acha.org/
www.flu.gov
What Do You Think?What Do You Think?
Legal and Ethical Issues to Legal and Ethical Issues to ConsiderConsider
The university can be held liable for The university can be held liable for negligencenegligence
Provide correct and reliable information, Provide correct and reliable information, do not misinform your students!!do not misinform your students!!
Set clear policy for University responseSet clear policy for University response
Stay up to date on current legal and Stay up to date on current legal and ethical newsethical news
Take advantage of all opportunities and Take advantage of all opportunities and resources available to educate studentsresources available to educate students
ResourcesResources Association of College and University Housing Officers - Association of College and University Housing Officers -
InternationalInternationalhttp://www.acuho-i.org/?tabid=125http://www.acuho-i.org/?tabid=125
American College Health Associationhttp://www.acha.org/
The Center for Disease Controlhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no01/05-1254.htm://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol12no01/05-1254.htm
Federal Resources for Educational ExcellenceFederal Resources for Educational Excellencehttp://www.free.ed.gov/index.cfmhttp://www.free.ed.gov/index.cfm
Flu.govFlu.govwww.flu.govwww.flu.gov
World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organizationhttp://www.who.int/ethics/influenza_project/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/ethics/influenza_project/en/index.html