Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Emerald Ash Borer in Iowa
What’s it mean to you?
Robin Pruisner Iowa Department of Agriculture & Land Stewardship
April 3, 2014
Emerald Ash Borer
Pupae
Larvae Mating and Eggs
Adults
1-year life cycle
JUNE - JULY Winter
Spring
Slow to Start?
Infestations are usual 4+ years old before we find them!
Completes life cycle in
• 1 year (stressed ash) or
• 2 years (healthy ash trees)
Adults
Emerge from under bark through ‘D’-shaped exit holes
Adult EAB
Small insects – ½ ” long x 1/16” wide
Adult Lifespan & Feeding
• Adults live 3 - 6 weeks, feed on ash leaves for 1 week, called maturation feeding,
• negligible defoliation occurs
EAB Biology
No long-distance pheromones found; males find females by visual cues, olfactory cues, and contact pheromones
After feeding & mating, female lays single eggs on or just under bark; 40-70 eggs (200 max) per female
Larval feeding is destructive
• Larvae feed in the tree’s circulatory system – cambium, phloem & xylem
• Serpentine galleries disrupt ability of tree to transport water and nutrients, girdling branches and tree trunk
EAB prepupal stage
T. Voss, IDALS
The bark on this ash tree has been removed to reveal multiple larval feeding tunnels.
J. Ellis, Purdue U.
Upper tree infested first; early detection hard
An ‘early warning sign’ of the presence of EAB
R.Anderson, USDA FS
J. Solomon, USDA FS
Woodpecker activity
Symptoms
Survey
Why Detect & Contain?
Community Impact Dead or dying trees need to be removed, disposed & replaced.
1,000,000+ ash trees removed in 36 eradication attempts
Why Detect & Contain?
“It has been estimated that between the years 2009–2019, 17 million landscape ash trees in urban areas across 25 states will require treatment, removal and replacement at a cost of approximately $10.7 billion.”
Kovacs KF, Haight RG, McCullough DG, Mercader RJ, Siegert NW, et al. (2010) Cost of potential emerald ash borer damage in US communities, 2009–2019. Ecol Econ 69: 569–578
Regulations
• New infestation must be verified by IDALS and USDA. The County, or Counties, will be quarantined.
• Quarantine = ‘Regulated Articles’ cannot be moved out of the quarantined area.
• However, people, companies, municipalities, etc, can enter into a compliance agreement allowing for movement once appropriate treatments are applied, under IDALS and USDA supervision.
Regulated Articles included in this order:
• The emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire), in any living stage of development.
• Entire ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) including nursery stock.
• Firewood of any non-coniferous (hardwood) species.
• Any living, dead, cut or fallen material of the ash (Fraxinus spp.) including logs, stumps, roots, branches, and composted and uncomposted ash chips.
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
Regulated Articles included in this order (cont):
• Green (non-heat treated) ash lumber with either bark or the outer one-inch of sapwood, or both, attached.
• Non-coniferous (hardwood) wood chips and non-coniferous (hardwood) bark chips larger than1 inch in two dimensions.
• Any article, product or means of conveyance when it is determined by the State Entomologist to present the risk of spread of the emerald ash borer.
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
Regulated articles may not be moved from the regulated area (Allamakee County) to an unregulated area of the state unless one of the following is met:
• an USDA APHIS PPQ limited permit, or certificate, has been issued and attached to the regulated article in accordance with USDA provisions; or
• an IDALS limited permit, or certificate, has been issued and attached to the regulated article in accordance with USDA provisions; or
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
• the regulated articles have been treated as directed in a sanctioned USDA APHIS PPQ / IDALS compliance agreement; or
• the State Entomologist has provided a written letter of exemption for scientific and research purposes and the applicant is operating under the requirements of a sanctioned IDALS compliance agreement.
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
The cost of treatment or destruction of an emerald ash borer-infested regulated article in violation of this quarantine shall be born by the owner or person in charge of the regulated article or place of production, as required in the order of treatment of destruction from IDALS.
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
If the owner or person in charge refuses or neglects to obey the notice, IDALS may do what is required, and the expenses shall be assessed to the owner after giving legal notice and a hearing. If the assessment is not paid, IDALS shall certify it to the treasurer of the proper county who shall enter it on the tax books and collect it as ordinary taxes are collected and remit it to IDALS.
$ $ $ EAB Quarantine in Iowa
Any agent of IDALS or USDA may stop, inspect, destroy, stop sale, seize, treat or order returned to the point of origin, at the owner’s expense, any regulated articles believed to be infested with the emerald ash borer, or lacking required treatment.
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
Regulated articles originating from outside the regulated area may be moved though the regulated area under the following conditions:
• The regulated article, if moved through the regulated area during the period of April 1 through September 30, is moved in an enclosed vehicle or is completely covered to adequately prevent access by the emerald ash borer; and
• The points of origin and destination are indicated on the waybill accompanying the regulated article; and
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
• The regulated article is moved directly through the regulated area without stopping (except for refueling or for traffic conditions, such as traffic lights or stop signs), or has been stored, packed, or handled at locations approved by an USDA or IDALS inspector as not posing a risk of infestation by the emerald ash borer; and
• The regulated article has not been combined or commingled with other articles as to lose its individual identity.
EAB Quarantine in Iowa
21—46.16(177A) Firewood labeling. Every package of firewood offered for sale, sold or distributed must include the harvest location of the wood by county and state. The harvest location of wood sold in bulk must be included on the delivery ticket.
Firewood Rule
These provisions apply to any length of tree that has been cut. A limited permit may be issued by the state entomologist or a compliance agreement may specify the regulations which would allow the movement of the wood. The limited permit or compliance agreement is not transferable and may be revoked by the state entomologist for noncompliance or a failure to comply with regulatory requirements.
Firewood Rule
USDA Compliance Agreement (CA) Certification Shield
USDA – APHIS – PPQ
4700 RIVER ROAD
RIVERDALE, MD 20737
CERTIFIED UNDER 7CFR 301.45
Emerald Ash Borer
(Agrilus planipennis)
FEDERAL COOPERATIVE
DOMESTIC PLANT QUARANTINE
C.A. # WI-1031 HT
Firewood Labeling in Iowa
Identity of the commodity (e.g., ‘firewood’);
1) A declaration of identity may indicate species group (e.g., 50% ash, 50% oak);
2) Net quantity in terms of cubic feet or cubic meters, including fractions. A cord is also acceptable, as it is 128 cubic feet, ranked and well stowed;
3) Name and address of manufacturer, packer or distributor if the packages were not produced on the premises where they are held for sale;
4) Unit price;
5) Harvest location of the wood by county and state [effective January 1, 2011].
“My ash doesn’t look too good.”
Mower
Blight
Mulch Volcano
Holds moisture = conditions ripe for bark decay.
Circling roots = slow tree strangulation.
The Deadly
Flowerbed
Trees in the Wrong Place
Lightning
Construction Damage
Tree Topping
“There’s an insect in my ash!”
Natives – Roundheaded Borers
Redheaded Ash Borer
• Galleries may be deeper
• … Not as ‘S-shaped’ as EAB
• Can only attack already-weakened ash trees
• Larger exit holes (1/4–3/8”) and usually oval
Natives – Clearwing Borers
Ash-Lilac Borer or
Banded Ash Clearwing Borer
Borer much deeper
Deposit frass outside of tree
Not as ‘S-shaped’
Larger exit holes
Natives – Ash Bark Beetle
Very small
Decomposers
Live in wood that is already dead, dying or at least weakened due to such things as drought, disease, root damage, etc.
Robin Pruisner State Entomologist
Iowa Department of Agriculture & Land Stewardship
515-725-1470
IowaTreePests.com
Urban and Community
How Communities Can
Prepare for EAB
(and Other Invasive Pests)
Emma Hanigan
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Urban Forestry Coordinator
Urban and Community
Step 1
A Tree Inventory • Have the data to make informed decisions
Urban and Community
Why Conduct a Tree Inventory?
• To know more
information about
the existing trees
and to further
tree management
and planning
Urban and Community
Types of Inventories
• Street and park tree inventory
• Problem tree inventory- hazard tree and
all ash inventory
• Sample or partial tree inventory –
systematic sampling techniques
• Canopy cover inventory – LiDAR and
land cover data
Urban and Community
Who will Complete the
Inventory? • Contractor
• City staff
• Interns or students
• Volunteer groups or Tree Board
• The Iowa DNR – if under 5,000
population
Urban and Community
What to Include in the
Inventory • Tree Number
• Species
• Size
• Condition
• Location (address
or GPS)
Urban and Community
Step 2
Planning • Making Management Decisions
Urban and Community
Tree Ordinance
• Revisit the nuisance section of the tree
ordinance
• Opening up tree ordinance can risky or
an opportunity
Urban and Community
Wood Utilization
• Wood for mulch
• Firewood (firewood
rule change 2011)
• Biomass Energy
• School Shop Classes
• Woodworkers and
Artists
Urban and Community
Chemical Treatments
• Preventive treatments may be
considered when confirmed EAB is 15
miles away
• Prefer trunk injections to soil drenches
– Trunk injection w/ imidacloprid, bidrin, or
emamectin benzoate
Urban and Community
Step 3
Management Plan • Create an Urban Forest Management
Plan or and EAB Management Plan
Urban and Community
IDNR Management Plans
• Annual Benefits
• Species Distribution
• Condition: Wood
and Foliage
• Management Needs
• Hazard and Risk
Management
• Maintenance Plan
• Pruning Cycle
• Planting
• Emerald Ash Borer
and Invasive
Planning
• Canopy Replacement
• Monitoring
• Budget
Urban and Community
Management Plan Resources
• Plan tool kit http://ufmptoolkit.com/
• APWA
www.apwa.net/Documents/About/.../Urb
anForestry/UrbanForestry-4.pdf
• NASF
http://www.na.fs.fed.us/urban/inforesou
rces/mgmtplanguide/mgmtplanguide.sh
tml
Urban and Community
Top 10 Reasons for
a Urban Forest
Management Plan
Urban and Community
10) Tree benefit calculation
$32, 515 a year
17,820 - 60w
light bulbs for
one year
Urban and Community
9)
Public outreach and education
– thinking of trees as a public
asset
Urban and Community
8)
Budgeting
maintenance
and planting
costs over
time
Urban and Community
7)
Cost to benefit
ratio - to
justify a
budget
Urban and Community
6)
Documentation
and defense in
a litigation
Urban and Community
4)
Determines short and long term
goals
Urban and Community
3)
Moves from a reactive to a
proactive system for all pest,
natural disasters and daily
work
Urban and Community
2)
Determines the direction of the
forestry program
Urban and Community
1)
To maintain a healthy, stable,
and productive urban forest
Urban and Community
Step 4
Public Education • Looking for pest signs and symptoms
• Species diversity
• Understanding the
communities/organization’s plan
Urban and Community
Volunteer Groups
1. Meet with the city to find out how you
can help
2. Support you city at council meetings
and other municipal activities
3. Find grant funds to help you city,
neighborhood or school
4. Help to plant diverse tree species
Urban and Community
Commercial Arborists
• Incorporate EAB preparation in your
business plan
• Provide costumers information that
shows you are informed and are a
professional
• Provide communities a list of your
services for Preparing for EAB
Urban and Community
Commercial Arborists
• Plan for:
– Quarantines
– Debris Management
– Wood Utilization
– Having the proper equipment etc.
Urban and Community
Commercial Arborists
• Bottom Line
IF YOUR
COMPANY
PLANS AHEAD
YOU WILL BE
MORE
PROFITABLE
Urban and Community
Emma Bruemmer
Iowa DNR
Urban Forestry Coordinator
515-281-5600
