What is Electricity? A form of energy caused by moving
electrons. Electricity TedEd
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Charge: A buildup or shortage of electrons. Gaining or losing
e-s develops a neg. or pos. charge in an object. Charges exert
forces (push or pull) on each other. Law of Electric Charges Like
(same) charges REPEL Opposite charges ATTRACT
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Conductors A conductor allows ___________/e-s to flow easily
Some conductors are better than others Examples: _______ Iron
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Insulators An insulator _______ electric charges from _________
easily, Examples: RubberCork WoodPlastic
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Electric Current Electric Current is the ______ of
electrons/charge through a conductor_________ There are two types
of electric current: __________ Current _________ Current
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Alternating Current (AC) Changes __________ at a regular rate.
Most commonly used type of electricity because it does not create
as much heat. Examples: Powerplants Houses Christmas lights
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Direct Current (DC) Always flows in one _______. Always flows
from _________ to positive Example: __________ Creates a lot of
heat
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Resistance __________ to current flow (anything that ________
down current), mostly a load. Unit of measure is the ohm Measured
with an ohmmeter
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Higher resistance would mean ______ (higher, lower) heat
produced in a circuit. Explain.
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What is a circuit? The path an electric current follows
Consists of four parts: 1.___________:Something to get the power
from. Ex. ________, power line. 2. ______: Something that will use
the power 3. _______: To _______ the electricity 4. Switch: To open
or _____ the circuit, not ________. Current flows only through a
closed circuit. Brainpop on circuits Brainpop on circuits
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Simple Circuit diagram (copy on left page) cellswitchlampwires
Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols;
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Give some examples of loads that may be found in your
kitchen.
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In which of the following circuits will the bulb NOT light up
and why?
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What is a series circuit? A circuit where current follows only
one _______. Connected _____ to ______. Diagram:
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Series Circuit If one light goes ______, the whole _______ goes
out. If more ______ are added all of the bulbs get ________. Uses:
Automatic doors Alarms
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What is a parallel circuit? Current follows _____ than one
______. Connected in parallel setup.
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Parallel Circuit If one _______goes out, the others __________
on. If more bulbs are _______ all of them will still glow at _____
brightness. Used in: Homes Schools Buildings
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Series or parallel? Draw circuit diagram.
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Series or Parallel? Circuit diagram
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Series or parallel? Circuit diagram
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Series or Parallel? Circuit diagram.
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Series or Parallel?
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In this setup, is it possible to run the motors without turning
on the bulbs? If not, what would you have to change?
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05/26Current Electricity Notes IQ: Going down a plastic slide
and getting a static charge is an example of conversion from: a.
Chemical to mechanical energy b. Nuclear to electrical energy c.
Mechanical to light energy d. Mechanical to electrical energy
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Static and Current electricity (8 min) Static and Current
electricity (8 min)
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Conductors A conductor allows charges/e-s to flow easily Some
conductors are better than others Examples: Copper Iron
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Insulators An insulator prevents electric charges from flowing
easily, Examples: RubberCork WoodPlastic
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Charge: A buildup or shortage of electrons. Gaining or losing
e-s develops a neg. or pos. charge in an object. Charges exert
forces (push or pull) on each other. Law of Electric Charges Like
(same) charges REPEL Opposite charges ATTRACT
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Current Electricity
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Electric Current Electric Current is the flow of
electrons/charge through a conductor. SI unit ampere. There are two
types of electric current: Alternating Current Direct Current
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Alternating Current (AC) Changes direction at a regular rate.
Most commonly used type of electricity because it does not create
as much heat Examples: Appliances Houses Christmas lights
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Direct Current (DC) Always flows in one direction. Always flows
from negative to positive Example: Battery Creates a lot of
heat
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Voltage Electrical pressure (pushes current) Atoms that are
short electrons and atoms with extra electrons Measured with a
voltmeter Unit of measure is the volt
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Current The directed movement of electrons or the flow. (pushed
by voltage) Unit of measure is the amp or ampere Measured with an
ammeter or amp meter
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Resistance Opposition to current flow (anything that slows down
current), mostly a load. Unit of measure is the ohm Measured with
an ohmmeter
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Higher resistance would mean ______ (higher, lower) heat
produced in a circuit. Explain.
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What is a Battery? A series of electrochemical cells Two types:
A wet cell A dry cell
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What is a circuit? The path an electric current follows
Consists of four parts: 1.Source:Something to get the power from.
Ex. battery, power line. 2. Load: Something that will use the power
3. Wires: To conduct the electricity 4. Switch: To open or close
the circuit, not essential. Current flows only through a closed
circuit. Brainpop on circuits Brainpop on circuits
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Simple Circuit diagram (copy on left page) cellswitchlampwires
Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols;
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Diagram of a Circuit (copy)
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Copy these circuits on your left hand side page, talk to your
partner and explain if they will work. Give reasoning for your
answers. Copy these circuits on your left hand side page, talk to
your partner and explain if they will work. Give reasoning for your
answers.
Slide 47
Give some examples of loads that may be found in your
kitchen.
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In which of the following circuits will the bulb NOT light up
and why?
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5/27 Series and Parallel Circuits IQ: Which of the following
is/are NOT required to make a circuit work? a. A source b. Wires c.
A magnet d. A load e. A switch
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What is a series circuit? A circuit where current follows only
one path. Connected back to back. Diagram:
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Series Circuit If one light goes out, the whole circuit goes
out. If more bulbs are added all of the bulbs get dimmer. Uses:
Automatic doors Alarms
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OQ: Christmas lights are connected in series. What would happen
if you pulled one bulb out? Why?
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What is a parallel circuit? Current follows more than one path.
Connected in parallel setup.
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Parallel Circuit If one light goes out, the others remain on.
If more bulbs are added all of them will still glow at full
brightness. Used in: Homes Schools Buildings Brainpop
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Series or parallel? Draw circuit diagram.
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Series or Parallel? Circuit diagram
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Series or parallel? Circuit diagram
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Series or Parallel? Circuit diagram.
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In this setup, is it possible to run the motors without turning
on the bulbs? If not, what would you have to change?
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OQ: What role do batteries have in circuits? A.They are the
source of potential energy in a circuit. B.They are the source of
electrons that moves through the circuit. C.They control how hard
it is for the electricity to pass through a circuit. D.They
regulate the electrical current by storing then releasing
charge.
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OQ: Which is better to use with smoke alarms: a series or
parallel circuit and why?
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5/23 Circuit Safety IQ: Draw a circuit diagram with the
following: One switch controls the whole circuit. R1 goes out if R2
is broken. R3 stays on if R1 or R2 is broken. R3 also has a switch
of its own.
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Water & broken wires can cause a short circuit Current
skips load Heats up wire too much Can cause a fire Too many plugs
in an outlet can cause an overload
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Circuit Safety 1. Fuses a) Contains thin strip of metal that
current flows thru b) If current is too high, metal melts c) Breaks
the circuit, so the e - cant flow d) blowing a fuse
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2. Circuit Breakers a) A switch b) Opens when current gets too
high - strip of wire bends away from wires in circuit c) Go to
breaker box & reset
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OQ: A charge is a buildup or shortage of __________in the atoms
of a substance.
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5/21 Magnetism Notes IQ: Which two energy resources do not get
their energy from the sun?
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Magnetism
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Where do magnets come from? Lodestone is an iron containing
mineral that is a natural magnet. Originally found in Magnesia.
--MAGNET comes from magnetite (a mineral in rocks) Iron can be made
into magnets. 3 things stick to magnets: iron, nickel, cobalt.
Distance decreases magnetic force. http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magneticbehavior.htm
http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magneticbehavior.htm
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Magnetic Poles A pole is the area of the magnet where the
magnetic effect is the strongest. One pole of the magnet will
always point north- north pole. The other pole will point south-
south pole.
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Like poles repel. Unlike poles attract. http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/twoends.htm
http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/twoends.htm
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Magnetic Fields
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Magnetic Fields Exist in regions surrounding magnets. Strongest
at the poles. Exerts a torque on a compass needle. (Demo) Compass
needles allow us to map out magnetic fields.
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Magnetic field lines flow out from the N to the S pole. They
are continuous and never cross
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Magnets have two ends or poles, called north and south poles.
At the poles of a magnet, the magnetic field lines are closer
together. Unlike poles of magnets attract each other and like poles
of magnets repel.
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What are magnetic domains? Magnetic substances like iron,
cobalt, and nickel are composed of small areas where the groups of
atoms are aligned like the poles of a magnet. These regions are
called domains. All of the domains of a magnetic substance tend to
align themselves in the same direction when placed in a magnetic
field. These domains are typically composed of billions of atoms.
Magnetic Domains
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Making a magnet Rubbing a magnetic substance with a permanent
magnet in the same direction several times can align all of the
domains and the material will act like a magnet. http://www.ndt-
ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magn eticdomain.htm
http://www.ndt- ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Magnetism/magn
eticdomain.htm
Slide 86
2 types of magnets Temporary magnets only act as magnets either
in the presence of an electric current or when near the magnetic
field of another magnet. Ex. electromagnets, paper clips stuck to a
magnet. Permanent magnets are stronger and stay magnetized for long
periods of time. Ex. fridge magnets, magnets made of alnico.
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Losing magnetism Magnets, especially temporary magnets, will
lose their domain alignment if dropped, struck too hard, or
heated.
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The earth is like a giant magnet! The nickel iron core of the
earth gives the earth a magnetic field much like a bar magnet.
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Earths magnetic field
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Maglev Trains Maglev Trains Brainpop Brainpop
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OQ: What would happen if you cut a bar magnet in half?
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Where do magnets come from? Lodestone is an iron containing
mineral that is a natural magnet. Originally found in Magnesia.
--MAGNET comes from ________ (a mineral in rocks) ________ can be
made into magnets. 3 things stick to magnets: iron, _______, _____.
Distance ___________ magnetic force.
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Magnetic Poles A pole is the area of the magnet where the
_________ _______ is the ___________. One pole of the magnet will
always point _______- north pole. The other pole will point south-
__________.
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_____ poles _______. ________ poles _______.
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Magnetic Fields Exist in _______ surrounding magnets. _________
at the poles. Exerts a torque on a compass needle. (Demo) Compass
needles allow us to map out magnetic fields.
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Magnetic Field lines Magnetic _____ lines flow out from the N
to the S pole. They are continuous and never ________.
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Magnets have two ends or poles, called north and south poles.
At the poles of a magnet, the magnetic field lines are closer
together. Unlike poles of magnets attract each other and like poles
of magnets repel.
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What are magnetic domains? Magnetic substances like iron,
cobalt, and nickel are composed of ____ _______ where the groups of
_______ are __________ like the poles of a magnet. These regions
are called ____________. All of the domains of a magnetic substance
tend to align themselves in the same __________ when placed in a
magnetic _________. These domains are typically composed of
billions of atoms. Magnetic Domains
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Making a magnet Rubbing a magnetic substance with a
_____________ magnet in the same direction several times can align
all of the ________ and the material will act like a ________.
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2 types of magnets _________ magnets only act as magnets either
in the presence of an ______ _______ or when near the magnetic
_____ of another ______. Ex. electromagnets, _______ ______stuck to
a magnet. ___________ magnets are ______ and stay magnetized for
long periods of time. Ex. ______ magnets, magnets made of
alnico.
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Losing magnetism Magnets, especially temporary magnets, will
_____ their _______alignment if ______, ______ too hard, or
_______.
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The earth is like a giant magnet! The nickel iron _________ of
the earth gives the earth a magnetic ______much like a
_______magnet.
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5/17 Magnetism contd IQ: Find the mistakes in the following
pics/diagrams:
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5/20 Electromagnetism, Motors, Generators notes IQ: Which of
the following is NOT necessary to produce electricity in a power
plant? a. Mechanical energy b. Chemical energy c. Coil/wire d.
Magnets
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Electromagnets: Oersteds Discovery! The presence of an electric
current in a wire causes a torque in a compass nearby. A ______
carrying wire generates a _________ field- Electromagnetism.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm
http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm
Slide 107
Electricity & Magnetism A __________ is a coiled loop of
wire which acts like a bar ________ when ________ is passed through
it.
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A stronger magnetic field can be made by using an ______
core/center.
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Electromagnets An electromagnet is a _______ magnet that can be
_______ on and ____.
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How to increase ______ in an electromagnet: Increase _________
Increase the number of _______ of wire to the solenoid. Wind the
coils of a solenoid ___________ together. Use __________
ferromagnetic (iron containing) material for the _______.
Slide 111
Electric Motor A motor is a device that converts ________
energy into mechanical energy by making a current carrying wire
spin inside a magnetic field. Contains an electromagnet. Uses:
______, washing machines, etc.
Slide 112
What are electric motors? An electric motor is a device which
changes electrical energy into mechanical energy.
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Electric generator A device that converts __________ energy
into electrical energy by using a wire inside a changing magnetic
______. Spinning the coiled wire inside the magnetic field makes
electrons move through the wire to light the bulb.
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OQ: Which of the following contain/s a motor? A generator? a. A
battery. b. A light bulb. c. A wind turbine. d. A bicycle. e. A
blender.
OQ: A magnet cannot be used to do which of the following? A.
Create mechanical energy B. Create electrical energy C. Extract
aluminum out of a recycling bin D. Levitate an object
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5/20 Electromagnetism, Motors, Generators notes IQ: Which of
the following is NOT necessary to produce electricity in a power
plant? a. Mechanical energy b. Chemical energy c. Coil/wire d.
Magnets
Slide 122
Electromagnets: Oersteds Discovery! The presence of an electric
current in a wire causes a torque in a compass nearby. A current
carrying wire generates a magnetic field- Electromagnetism.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm
http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm
Slide 123
Electricity & Magnetism A solenoid is a coiled loop of wire
which acts like a bar magnet when current is passed through
it.
Slide 124
The direction of the current determines the direction of the
magnetic field in a current carrying wire.
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A stronger magnetic field can be made by using an iron
core/center.
Slide 126
Cause All magnetism is caused by the movement of charges.
Slide 127
Electromagnets An electromagnet is a strong magnet that can be
turned on and off.
Slide 128
How to increase strength in an electromagnet: Increase current
Increase the number of loops of wire to the solenoid. Wind the
coils of a solenoid closer together. Use stronger ferromagnetic
(iron containing) material for the core. Brainpop
Slide 129
Electric Motor A motor is a device that converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy by making a current carrying wire
spin inside a magnetic field. Uses: fans, washing machines, etc.
simulation simulation
Slide 130
What are electric motors? An electric motor is a device which
changes electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Slide 131
Go to the next slide How does an electric motor work?
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Simple as that!!
Slide 133
Electric generator A device that converts mechanical energy
into electrical energy by using a wire inside a changing magnetic
field. Phet simulation Phet simulation Brainpop Brainpop
Slide 134
We have seen how electricity can produce a magnetic field, but
a magnetic field can also produce electricity! How? What is
electromagnetic induction? Moving a loop of wire through a magnetic
field produces an electric current. This is electromagnetic
induction. A generator is used to convert mechanical energy into
electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. Carefully study the
next diagrams:
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OQ: Which of the following contain/s a motor? A generator? a. A
battery. b. A light bulb. c. A wind turbine. d. A bicycle. e. A
blender.
OQ: A magnet cannot be used to do which of the following? A.
Create mechanical energy B. Create electrical energy C. Extract
aluminum out of a recycling bin D. Levitate an object
Slide 143
5/29 Current Electricity/Circuits IQ: Identify the following
objects as motor, generator, solenoid, electromagnet:
