Electricity and Electricity and MagnetismMagnetism

Erik LarsonErik Larson

Grade 5Grade 5

Unit OverviewUnit Overview

Student Learner Student Learner ExpectationsExpectations

All of the curriculum objectives for All of the curriculum objectives for this unit can be found at this this unit can be found at this website:website:

http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/k_12/curriculum/bySubject/science/k_12/curriculum/bySubject/science/elemsci.pdfelemsci.pdf

What is Electricity?What is Electricity?

What do you KNOW?What do you KNOW? What do you WANT to find out?What do you WANT to find out? What did you LEARN? That will come What did you LEARN? That will come

later.later.

Please fill out the KWL chart in the Please fill out the KWL chart in the front of your book.front of your book.

Electricity is…Electricity is…

Electricity is made up of microscopic Electricity is made up of microscopic electrons. They move and carry an electrons. They move and carry an electrical charge.electrical charge.

An electrical current is when the electrons An electrical current is when the electrons flow or move.flow or move.

Electrons from a battery flow to a clock and Electrons from a battery flow to a clock and power the clock with their electrical charge.power the clock with their electrical charge.

It is an Electric WorldIt is an Electric World

Electricity powers many, many things Electricity powers many, many things around us. Everything you have to around us. Everything you have to plug in, runs on electricity.plug in, runs on electricity.

Brainstorm items in the class or at Brainstorm items in the class or at home, that run on electricity.home, that run on electricity.

Toasters, ovens, video games are Toasters, ovens, video games are examples. examples.

Naturally Occurring Naturally Occurring ElectricityElectricity

In nature, some organisms can produce In nature, some organisms can produce their own electrical charge. their own electrical charge.

Electric eels, catfish, fireflies, stingraysElectric eels, catfish, fireflies, stingrays

Your brain and nervous system Your brain and nervous system produces electricity.produces electricity.

Lightning is a form of natural electricity.Lightning is a form of natural electricity.

Electricity used by HumansElectricity used by Humans

Complete BLM#1 and list as many Complete BLM#1 and list as many devices you can think of that use devices you can think of that use electricity and are used by humans.electricity and are used by humans.

Write down as many examples of Write down as many examples of natural occurring electricity in the natural occurring electricity in the second column of the chart.second column of the chart.

Static ElectricityStatic Electricity

This is a build up of stationary This is a build up of stationary electrons on a surface of an object.electrons on a surface of an object.

For example, electrons from your hair For example, electrons from your hair build up on the surface of a balloon as build up on the surface of a balloon as you rub it against your head.you rub it against your head.

This creates an electrostatic negative This creates an electrostatic negative charge.charge.

Static ElectricityStatic Electricity

The balloon is can The balloon is can now stick to a now stick to a surface because the surface because the balloon is acting balloon is acting like a magnet.like a magnet.

The positive The positive electrons are trying electrons are trying to move to the to move to the negative electrons.negative electrons.

Electricity SafetyElectricity Safety

Electricity is very dangerous. It is Electricity is very dangerous. It is important to follow a few safety rules.important to follow a few safety rules.

1. Never use electricity in or near water.1. Never use electricity in or near water. 2. Never place to many plugs in one 2. Never place to many plugs in one

socket.socket. 3. Never play near or on power lines.3. Never play near or on power lines. 4. Never pull out a plug, by its cord.4. Never pull out a plug, by its cord. 5. Never stick anything into a plug in.5. Never stick anything into a plug in.

Electrical Safety Electrical Safety continued…continued…

6. Never run electrical cords under 6. Never run electrical cords under rugs.rugs.

7. Never use an electrical lawn mower 7. Never use an electrical lawn mower on wet grass or when it is raining.on wet grass or when it is raining.

8. Never play on power boxes.8. Never play on power boxes. 9. Never stick anything metal into a 9. Never stick anything metal into a

toaster.toaster. 10. Never use a frayed cord.10. Never use a frayed cord.

Where is Electricity made?Where is Electricity made?

Electricity is made or produced from Electricity is made or produced from power plants. The power plants power plants. The power plants produce electricity in turbines, using produce electricity in turbines, using water, heat- from coal or wind.water, heat- from coal or wind.

Electricity flows in a current from the Electricity flows in a current from the power plant to our homes.power plant to our homes.

Electrical CurrentElectrical Current

Electricity flows just like water from a Electricity flows just like water from a hose. The flowing electricity is called hose. The flowing electricity is called an electrical an electrical currentcurrent..

Currents of electricity flow through Currents of electricity flow through power lines, transformers and power lines, transformers and through wires in our homes.through wires in our homes.

BatteriesBatteries

Electricity also Electricity also comes from comes from batteries.batteries.

There are many There are many different sizes of different sizes of batteries and they batteries and they all have different all have different amounts of power.amounts of power.

BatteriesBatteries

Batteries are storage cells of electricity.Batteries are storage cells of electricity. Batteries are also called Batteries are also called cellscells.. A battery has a positive terminal and a A battery has a positive terminal and a

negative terminal.negative terminal.

A terminal is where the electricity flows, A terminal is where the electricity flows, much like a terminal in a train station.much like a terminal in a train station.

Short CircuitsShort Circuits

Batteries produce electricity. Electricity Batteries produce electricity. Electricity flows from the battery through the positive flows from the battery through the positive terminal, through the wire, back to the terminal, through the wire, back to the negative terminal.negative terminal.

Flowing electricity creates heat, because Flowing electricity creates heat, because the electrons are flowing through the wire, the electrons are flowing through the wire, back to the battery.back to the battery.

This is called a This is called a short circuitshort circuit. There is no . There is no job or load for the electrons to perform.job or load for the electrons to perform.

Light BulbsLight Bulbs A light bulb A light bulb

provides light.provides light.

It uses electricity to It uses electricity to produce light.produce light.

A filament is heated A filament is heated by the electricity, by the electricity, which produces which produces light.light.

Complete BLM #5bComplete BLM #5b

A simple circuitA simple circuit A simple circuit is when A simple circuit is when

one battery is one battery is connected to a bulb connected to a bulb with wires.with wires.

A wire is made of A wire is made of copper and covered in a copper and covered in a plastic coating.plastic coating.

Can you discover how Can you discover how to make light using a to make light using a battery, bulb and wire?battery, bulb and wire?

BLM # 5a, 6 and .BLM # 5a, 6 and .

CircuitsCircuits

A circuit is a circular movement of A circuit is a circular movement of electrons.electrons.

In a circuit, the electrons flow from In a circuit, the electrons flow from the battery to the load and back to the battery to the load and back to the battery.the battery.

In order for the circuit to work, it In order for the circuit to work, it must be complete.must be complete.

Open vs Closed CircuitsOpen vs Closed Circuits

Circuits can be open or closed.Circuits can be open or closed.

An open circuit has a break or opening An open circuit has a break or opening in the circuit. The circuit will not work.in the circuit. The circuit will not work.

A closed circuit has no openings or A closed circuit has no openings or breaks. The circuit will work because breaks. The circuit will work because the electrons can flow in a complete the electrons can flow in a complete circle.circle.

Circuit Diagram SymbolsCircuit Diagram Symbols

It is difficult to draw what a circuit actually looks It is difficult to draw what a circuit actually looks like.like.

It is easier and faster to use symbols and draw a It is easier and faster to use symbols and draw a diagram.diagram.

Circuit DiagramsCircuit Diagrams

Here is an example Here is an example of a circuit drawn of a circuit drawn first as pictures first as pictures and the same and the same circuit is drawn circuit is drawn again using a again using a circuit diagram.circuit diagram.

SwitchesSwitches In a circuit, it is In a circuit, it is

important to be able to important to be able to turn it off and on.turn it off and on.

A switch is a device A switch is a device that can open or close that can open or close a circuit.a circuit.

A switch can be used A switch can be used to turn on or off the to turn on or off the circuit, in this example circuit, in this example the light.the light.

Adding a batteryAdding a battery

If you have a circuit with one bulb, a If you have a circuit with one bulb, a battery and wires, How can you increase battery and wires, How can you increase the brightness of the bulbs?the brightness of the bulbs?

If you add a battery, you can make the If you add a battery, you can make the bulb brighter.bulb brighter.

Adding a battery, increases the amount of Adding a battery, increases the amount of electrons that power the bulb, making electrons that power the bulb, making more light.more light.

MagnetsMagnets A magnet is an object that A magnet is an object that

produces an magnetic produces an magnetic field.field.

Magnets have a north and Magnets have a north and south pole.south pole.

The north pole repels the The north pole repels the north. The south repels north. The south repels the south.the south.

The north and the south The north and the south are attracted to each are attracted to each other.other.

Magnetic FieldMagnetic Field

A magnetic field A magnetic field can either attract can either attract or repel other or repel other objectsobjects

Magnetic fields Magnetic fields surround electrical surround electrical currents.currents.

Electron MagnetElectron Magnet

If you take a battery, a nail and copper If you take a battery, a nail and copper wire, you can create a magnet.wire, you can create a magnet.

Wrap the wire around the nail and Wrap the wire around the nail and connect it to the battery, to create a connect it to the battery, to create a circuit.circuit.

The moving electrons create a magnetic The moving electrons create a magnetic field.field.

Increasing magnetismIncreasing magnetism

Electrons can increase a magnetic field.Electrons can increase a magnetic field. If you wrap more coils of wire around the If you wrap more coils of wire around the

nail, you will increase the magnetic field.nail, you will increase the magnetic field.

If you also add another battery, you will If you also add another battery, you will increase the number of electrons, which increase the number of electrons, which will also increase the magnetic field.will also increase the magnetic field.

Electron MagnetElectron Magnet

ConductorsConductors

A A conductor conductor is an object that allows is an object that allows electrons to flow easily through it.electrons to flow easily through it.

Most metals, like copper and Most metals, like copper and aluminum, graphite, water, and aluminum, graphite, water, and people are good conductors.people are good conductors.

InsulatorsInsulators

Insulators are objects that do not Insulators are objects that do not allow electrons to flow easily through allow electrons to flow easily through it or at all.it or at all.

Wood, plastic, rubber are good Wood, plastic, rubber are good insulators.insulators.

ResistorsResistors

Resistors slow down electrons. When Resistors slow down electrons. When an electron is slowed down, it heats an electron is slowed down, it heats up.up.

Nichrome wire, steel wool, and Nichrome wire, steel wool, and carbon filament are all examples of carbon filament are all examples of resistors.resistors.

Energy or Electrical UsageEnergy or Electrical Usage

Electricity is measured in your home. Electricity is measured in your home. The electrical company will keep The electrical company will keep track of how much energy your track of how much energy your homes uses. homes uses.

They measure electrical usage in They measure electrical usage in KilowattsKilowatts per hour. A per hour. A wattwatt is a unit is a unit of measurement for electricity. 1000 of measurement for electricity. 1000 watts is equal 1 kw(kilowatt.watts is equal 1 kw(kilowatt.

WattageWattage

Different devices have different Different devices have different wattages. The amount of wattage or wattages. The amount of wattage or how much energy is requires, is based how much energy is requires, is based on what function it performs. BLM# 26on what function it performs. BLM# 26

To produce heat, that requires more To produce heat, that requires more energy so that device who need more energy so that device who need more wattage. A clock does not require a lot wattage. A clock does not require a lot of energy, so it has a lower wattage.of energy, so it has a lower wattage.

Kilowatts (Kw)Kilowatts (Kw)

Electricity comes from different Electricity comes from different electrical plants. A typical electrical electrical plants. A typical electrical plant produces 6 000 000 kw of plant produces 6 000 000 kw of electricity each second.electricity each second.

To figure out how much electricity To figure out how much electricity your device uses, we measure that in your device uses, we measure that in KwH or Kilowatts per hour.KwH or Kilowatts per hour.

Kilowatts per Hour (KwH)Kilowatts per Hour (KwH)

A clothes dryer has a wattage of A clothes dryer has a wattage of 4800. If we ran that dryer for an 4800. If we ran that dryer for an hour, the amount of electricity used hour, the amount of electricity used would be 4800 x 1 hour = 4800. would be 4800 x 1 hour = 4800.

If we ran it for two hours, it would be:If we ran it for two hours, it would be:

4800 x 2 hours = 9600 watts4800 x 2 hours = 9600 watts

KwH= 4.8 KwHKwH= 4.8 KwH

Electrical MetersElectrical Meters

The electrical The electrical company keeps track company keeps track of how much energy of how much energy you use with an you use with an electrical metre. electrical metre.

It is found outside of It is found outside of your house and they your house and they read it once a month.read it once a month.

BLM #27, 28, 29BLM #27, 28, 29

Daily Energy ConsumptionDaily Energy Consumption

Appliances that use Appliances that use a lot of Energya lot of Energy

Most devices that Most devices that require heat, use require heat, use more electrical more electrical energy.energy.– Clothes Dryers, Clothes Dryers,

Dishwashers, Dishwashers, Toasters, Ovens, Toasters, Ovens, Hair Dryer.Hair Dryer.

Energy EfficientEnergy Efficient

Manufacturers are trying to produce Manufacturers are trying to produce more energy efficient appliances. more energy efficient appliances. People are trying to be more energy People are trying to be more energy efficient and not waste electricity.efficient and not waste electricity.

It is important for use to conserve It is important for use to conserve our electricity. our electricity.

BLM#30, 31BLM#30, 31

EnerGuideEnerGuide

This is an EnerGuide This is an EnerGuide label. It states the label. It states the energy consumption of energy consumption of a particular appliance.a particular appliance.

It will state how much It will state how much energy this appliance energy this appliance uses in a year or uses in a year or month.month.

BLM #32BLM #32

EnerguideEnerguide

Use this website to calculate how Use this website to calculate how much it would cost to run an appliance much it would cost to run an appliance in Alberta.in Alberta.

http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Equipment/http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/Equipment/english/page26.cfm?english/page26.cfm?PrintView=N&Text=NPrintView=N&Text=N

Try a variety of appliances, what do Try a variety of appliances, what do you notice?you notice?

Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation

Why is important to conserve energy?Why is important to conserve energy?

Many ways that are used to produce Many ways that are used to produce energy are with non-renewable resources. energy are with non-renewable resources. It is important for us to want to conserve It is important for us to want to conserve our non-renewable resources. We want our non-renewable resources. We want future generations to have what we have future generations to have what we have today. If we run out of oil, their will be no today. If we run out of oil, their will be no more and we will not be able to use our more and we will not be able to use our cars, machines, etc.cars, machines, etc.