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ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Dr. H.BilgeMutluer
ELE 789 Special Topics in Electrical
ELE 789 Special Topics in Electrical
and Electronics Engineering:
and Electronics Engineering:
Electrical Power Quality
Electrical Power Quality
2ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Course Outline
Course Outline
1.Power Quality (PQ) Definitions and
Objectives
2.Power System Modeling and
Simulation for PQ Analyses
3.Voltage Quality
4.Harm
onics and Harm
onic Elimination
5.Reactive Power Compensation
6.EMI, Grounding and Wiring
3ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Voltage
VoltageQuality
Quality
T
ransie
nts
P
ow
er
frequency
dis
turb
ances
F
licker
and
low
frequency
dis
turb
ances
H
arm
onic
s*
4ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Voltage
VoltageQuality
Quality
V
olta
ge
Sa
gs a
nd
In
terr
up
tio
ns
T
ran
sie
nt
Ove
rvo
lta
ge
s
F
licke
r
S
ourc
es o
f F
licker
F
licker
Mitig
atio
n
V
olta
ge
Re
gu
latio
n
P
rincip
les o
f V
oltage R
egu
lation
D
evic
es f
or
Voltage R
egu
latio
n
5ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Voltage
VoltageSags
Sagsand
andInterruptions
Interruptions
B
oth
are
result
of
the
faults
H
ave
econo
mic
alim
pact
C
an b
e a
void
ed
or
conta
ined
6ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Event Duration
Event Duration
In
sta
nta
ne
ou
s
One
half
cycle
30 c
ycle
s
M
om
en
tary
30 c
ycle
s
3 s
econds
T
em
po
rary
3 s
econds
1 m
inute
S
ho
rt D
ura
tio
n V
ari
atio
n(V
olta
ge
)
1
min
ute
7ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
CBEMA andITI Curves
C
BE
MA
Cu
rve
,
ad
ap
ted
fro
mIE
EE
44
6
In
form
atio
n
Te
ch
no
log
y
Ind
ustr
yC
ou
ncil
(IT
IC)
gra
ph
8ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Interruption
Interruption
A
n inte
rruption
of a d
ura
tion
limite
dto
the
period
required
tore
sto
re s
erv
ice b
y
auto
matic
or
superv
isory
contr
olle
d
sw
itchin
gopera
tions
or
by
manual
sw
itchin
gat lo
cations
where
an o
pera
tor
is
imm
edia
tely
availa
ble
.
M
om
enta
ry, T
em
pora
ry, S
usta
ined
9ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Ride Through
Ride Through
M
easure
of th
e a
bili
ty o
f contr
ol devic
es to
susta
in o
pera
tion w
hen s
ubje
cte
d to p
art
ial
or
tota
l lo
ss o
f pow
er
of a s
pecifie
d
dura
tion
10
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Recovery Time
Recovery Time
In
terv
al re
quired for
outp
ut voltage o
r
curr
ent to
retu
rn to a
valu
e w
ithin
specific
ations a
fter
ste
p load o
r lin
e
changes.
11
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Sources
Sourcesof of Sags
Sagsand
andInterruptions
Interruptions
G
enera
llycaused
by:
F
au
lts
(sh
ort
cct)
M
oto
r S
tart
-u
p
A
rc/
La
dle
Fu
rna
ce
s
M
iso
pe
ratio
n
12
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Sources
Sourcesof of Sags
Sagsand
andInterruptions
Interruptions
13
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Estimating
EstimatingVoltage
VoltageSag
SagPerformance
Performance
D
ete
rmin
e:
S
ag
sre
su
ltfr
om
tra
nsm
issio
nsyste
m
S
ag
sre
su
ltfr
om
dis
trib
utio
nsyste
m
E
qu
ipm
en
tse
nsitiv
ity
tovo
lta
ge
sa
gs
E
valu
ate
the
econom
ics
of diffe
rent
solu
tions
14
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Area
Areaof of Vulnerability
Vulnerability
A
rea
of
vu
lne
rab
ility
V
olta
ge
sa
gri
de
thro
ug
hca
pa
bili
ty
M
ay b
e d
ete
rmin
ed
fro
mh
isto
rica
ld
ata
15
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Equipment
EquipmentSensitive
SensitivetotoVoltage
VoltageSags
Sags
M
ostE
ffective:
D
ura
tio
na
nd
ma
gn
itu
de
Less
Effective:
P
ha
se
sh
ift, u
nb
ala
nce
, m
issin
gvo
lta
ge
, e
tc..
16
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Equipment
EquipmentSensitive
SensitivetotoVoltage
VoltageSags
Sags
E
quip
mentsensitiv
eto
magnitude
U
nd
erv
olta
ge
rela
ys,
pro
ce
ss
co
ntr
ol, A
SD
E
quip
mentsensitiv
eto
magnitude
and
dura
tion
E
lectr
on
icp
ow
er
su
pp
lies
E
quip
mentsensitiv
eto
oth
er
chara
cte
ristics
17
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Sag
SagPerformance
PerformanceEvaluation
Evaluation
T
ransm
issio
n
Syste
m
In
terc
on
ne
ctio
n
T
ran
sfo
rme
r
Co
nn
ectio
ns
V
olta
ge
Sa
g
Typ
es
18
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Sag
SagPerformance
PerformanceEvaluation
Evaluation
V
oltage
Sa
gT
ypes
in t
he
transm
issio
nsyste
m
19
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Sag
SagPerformance
PerformanceEvaluation
Evaluation
D
istr
ibution
Level:
A
ffe
cte
dfr
om
tra
nsm
issio
na
lso
U
tilit
yp
rote
ctio
nsch
em
e
V
olta
ge
sa
gp
erf
orm
an
ce
:
Num
ber
of fe
eders
A
vera
ge
feeder
length
A
vera
ge
feeder
reacta
nce
S
hort
circuit
equ
iva
len
tre
acta
nce
at th
esubsta
ion
F
eed
er
reacto
rs(ifany)
F
au
lthis
tory
20
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Sag
SagPerformance
PerformanceEvaluation
Evaluation
F
au
lts
on p
ara
llela
nd
sam
efe
eders
,
E
sam
e/p
ara
llel:
perf
orm
ance
for
ride
thro
ugh
vo
ltag
eof
vs
E
int:
Inte
rruption
perf
.
N
1&
N3: fa
ult
perf
orm
ance
data
(S
LG
,
3LG
)
L
int:
circuit
mile
sof
exposure
toS
LG
and
3LG
33
11
)(
ss
ssame
EN
EN
vE
+
=
33
11
)(
pp
sparallel
EN
EN
vE
+
=
)(
)(
31
int
int
NN
Lv
Es
+
=
21
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Principles
Principlesof of Protection
Protection
Incre
asin
gC
ost
Custo
mer
Solu
tions
Utilit
yS
olu
tions
Ove
rall
Pro
tection
Insid
e
Pla
nt
Contr
ols
Pro
tection
Equip
ment
Specific
ations
12
34
22
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Solutions
Solutionsat at the
theEnd
EndUser
UserLevel
Level
O
ptim
um
solu
tion
necessary
P
rote
ction
for
sm
all
loa
ds
(up
to5kV
A)
P
rote
ction
for
indiv
idual/gro
ups
of
equip
ment(u
pto
300kV
A)
P
rote
ction
for
larg
egro
ups
of lo
ad
(LV
)
P
rote
ction
at th
eM
V o
rH
V levelor
on the
supply
level
23
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Solutions
Solutionsat at the
theEnd
EndUser
UserLevel
Level
F
err
ore
so
na
nt
Tra
nsfo
rme
rs
M
ag
ne
tic
Syn
the
siz
ers
A
ctive
Seri
es
Co
mp
en
sa
tors
U
PS
M
oto
r-G
en
era
tor
Se
ts
F
lyw
he
elE
ne
rgy
Sto
rag
e
S
up
erc
on
du
ctin
gM
ag
ne
tic
En
erg
yS
tora
ge
(SM
ES
)
T
ran
sfe
r S
witch
es
24
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Ferroresonant
FerroresonantTransformers
Transformers
1
:1 t
ran
sfo
rme
rs
excite
don
hig
h
sa
tura
tio
n
F
or
co
nsta
nt,
lo
w
po
we
rlo
ad
s
25
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Magnetic
MagneticSynthesizers
Synthesizers
S
imila
rto
Consta
ntV
oltage
Tra
ns. (C
VT
)
T
hre
ephase
A
bout15-2
00 k
VA
E
nerg
yis
sto
red
in s
atu
rate
dre
acto
rand
capacitor
26
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Active
ActiveSeries
SeriesCompensators
Compensators
S
tatic
De
vic
e
F
ew
kV
Ato
few
MV
A
F
ast
(qu
art
er
cycle
)
resp
on
se
tim
e
C
an
pro
vid
eb
oo
stin
g
ab
ou
t5
0%
27
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
OnOn-- Line
LineUPS
UPS
T
he
loa
dis
alw
ays
fed
th
rou
gh
UP
S
N
o t
ran
sfe
r tim
e
E
xce
llen
tri
de
-th
rou
gh
P
rote
cts
the
loa
dfr
om
po
we
rlin
e
dis
turb
an
ce
s
B
att
eri
es
Lin
e
Rectifie
rIn
ve
rte
r
Ba
ttery
Ban
k
Man
ual
Bypa
ss
Loa
d
28
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Standby
StandbyUPS
UPS
O
ff-l
ine
T
ran
sfe
r tim
e 4
mS
L
oa
dis
no
t p
rote
cte
d
fro
mtr
an
sie
nts
N
o r
eg
ula
tio
n
29
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Hybrid
HybridUPS
UPS
V
olta
ge
Re
gu
latio
n
M
om
en
tary
rid
e
thro
ug
h
30
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Motor
Motor --Generator
GeneratorSets
Sets
E
ne
rgy
is s
tore
din
in
ert
ia,
usu
ally
flyw
he
els
L
osse
s
N
ois
ea
nd
ma
inte
na
nce
O
utp
ut
fre
qu
en
cy!
N
ot
su
ita
ble
for
som
elo
ad
s
U
pto
15
Se
cs
31
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Flywheel
FlywheelEnergy
EnergyStorage
Storage
10s to
2 m
ins
ride
thro
ugh
In
vacuum
, hig
hspeed
(10000 r
pm
),
pow
er
ele
ctr
onic
s
R
oto
r is
both
machin
eand
genera
tor
32
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Superconducting
SuperconductingMagnetic
MagneticEnergy
Energy
Storage
Storage(SMES)
(SMES)
S
ma
llfo
otp
rin
t
F
ast
U
nlim
ite
dd
uty
cycle
R
ech
arg
ele
ss
tha
n
90
s
4
.2K
te
mp
era
ture
U
pto
3 M
jou
les
33
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Transfer
Transfer Switches
Switches
2 c
ycle
sw
ith
vacuum
bre
akers
S
tatic
sw
itches
aboutquart
er
cycle
34
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Dynamic
DynamicVoltage
VoltageRestorer
Restorer(DVR)
(DVR)
S
tatic
Syste
m
F
ast
35
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Ride
RideThrough
ThroughAlternatives
Alternatives
C
hara
cte
rize
syste
mP
Q p
erf
orm
ance
E
stim
ate
cost
C
hara
cte
rize
costand
effectiveness
P
erf
orm
econom
icalanaly
sis
36
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Cost
CostEstimation
Estimation
P
roductre
late
dlo
sses
Labor
rela
ted
losses
A
ncill
ary
cost(r
epair, lo
stopport
unitie
s,
penaltie
s)
37
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Costs
Costs
0,1
Sag
with
min
. V
.
betw
ee
n70%
-
90%
0,4
Sag
with
min
. V
.
betw
ee
n50%
-
70%
0,8
Sag
with
min
. V
.
Belo
w5
0%
1In
terr
uption
Weig
htin
gfo
r
econom
ic
Analy
sis
Cate
gory
2,3
Tota
l
0,1
10
,1S
ag
with
min
.
V.
be
twe
en
70
% -
90%
0,4
10
,4S
ag
with
min
.
V.
be
twe
en
50
% -
70%
0,8
10
,8S
ag
with
min
.
V.
Be
low
50
%
11
1In
terr
up
tion
Tota
lE
vent
# p
er
yea
r
Weig
ht
Cate
gory
38
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Costs
Costs
39
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Costs
Costs
40
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Motor
Motor Starting
StartingSags
Sags
M
ay b
e in the
range
of 15%
-30 %
M
ay b
e u
pto
many
seconds
M
ore
dra
matic
case
for
moto
r gro
up
sta
rt-u
ps
41
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Motor
Motor Starting
StartingSolutions
Solutions
A
uto
transfo
rmers
R
esis
tance-
reacta
nce
sta
rters
P
art
win
din
gsta
rters
D
elta w
ye
sta
rters
S
tatic
sta
rters
A
SD
42
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Estimating
EstimatingSag
SagSeverity
Severity
43
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Utility
UtilitySystem
SystemFault
FaultClearing
Clearing
T
ore
duce:
P
reve
nt
fau
lts
M
od
ify
fau
ltcle
ari
ng
pra
ctice
s
44
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Operation
OperationCoordination
CoordinationPrinciples
Principles
F
aults:
T
em
po
rary
P
erm
an
en
t(u
pto
few
ho
urs
)
D
am
age:
A
rcin
g
T
hro
ug
hd
am
ag
e,
exce
ssiv
efo
rce
s
45
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Fuses
Fuses
E
xpuls
ion
fuses
C
urr
entlim
itin
gfu
ses
46
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Fuses
Fuses
F
use
savin
gon tem
p. F
aults: T
CC
leftm
ost
F
or
perm
anentfa
ults: on the
rightof T
CC
R
epeate
dfa
ults: shiftT
CC
left
F
or
hig
hcurr
entvalu
es, difficult
tosave
fuse
47
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Reclosing
Reclosing
48
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Fuse
FuseSaving
Saving
U
se
reclo
sin
g
S
till
fault:
S
witch
toa
slo
w,
de
laye
dtr
ipp
ing
O
r, T
rya
se
co
nd
fast
op
era
tio
n
49
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Reliability
Reliability
50
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Increased
IncreasedSectionalizing
Sectionalizing
51
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Increased
IncreasedSectionalizing
Sectionalizing
52
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
Some
SomeOther
OtherMethods
Methods
A
daptive
Rela
yin
g
Ig
noring
Third
Harm
onic
Curr
ent
U
tilit
yF
ault
Pre
venta
tion
53
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
HW I
HW I
M
odel a thre
ephase
50 H
z p
ow
er
syste
m
fed fro
m34.5
kV
supply
syste
mw
ith
300
MV
A s
hort
circuit
rating, fe
edin
g3
custo
mers
. (C
alc
ula
tesupply
impedance,
assum
epure
lyin
ductive, or
with
a
neglig
ible
hig
hpara
llelre
sis
tance)
U
sage
of P
SC
AD
is s
trongly
recom
ended
in the
sim
ula
tion
54
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
HW I
HW I
C
usto
me
r1
:
Co
nn
ecte
ddirectly
from
34.5
kV
, dem
an
din
g10 M
VA
po
wer
with
0.9
5 p
f(ind
.)
C
usto
me
r2
:
Co
nn
ecte
ddirectly
by
an 8
MV
A c
oup
ling
transfo
rmer
34.5
kV
/ 6
.3kV
, U
k=
8%
, dem
andin
g5 M
VA
po
wer
with
0.9
7 p
f(ind.)
C
usto
me
r3
:
Co
nn
ecte
ddirectly
by
a
1600 k
VA
coup
ling
transfo
rmer
6.3
kV
/ 0
.4kV
, U
k=
6%
, dem
andin
g1
MV
A p
ow
er
with
0.9
8 p
f(ind.)
55
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
HW I
HW I
C
alc
ula
teth
em
inim
um
curr
ent(F
or
each
custo
mer)
thatw
illcause
a v
oltage
sag
at
0.4
kV
busbars
. (N
ote
: diffe
rentR
MS
curr
ents
for
all
3 c
usto
mers
)
U
se
voltage
sag
definitio
n.
56
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
HW I
HW I
C
hoose
one
case, sim
ula
teand
plo
t:
th
eth
ree
ph
ase
cu
rre
nt
an
dvo
lta
ge
wa
ve
form
s,
(all
custo
me
rs)
in
clu
de
RM
S m
ea
su
rem
en
ts.
V
olta
ge
sa
gs
will
last
30
cycle
s
M
inim
um
sim
ula
tio
ntim
e is 1
se
co
nd
s
57
ELE 789:
ELE 789: Special
SpecialTopics
Topicsin
in Electrical
Electricaland
andElectronics
ElectronicsEngineering
Engineering; ; Electrical
ElectricalPower
PowerQuality
Quality
For
ForFurther
FurtherInformation
Information::
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unus.h
acettepe.e
du.tr/
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utluer/