Electric Aircraft

The First-Ever Electric Aircraft Symposium

EnvironmentalTechnologicEconomicPolitical and Societal

Main Issues:

ePAV--Questions“What are the global energy and environmentalimperatives that affect the development of

electric-powered vehicles?”

“Why are Personal Air Vehicles (PAVs) and Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) the best type of aircraft to become

electric powered? “

“What advantages could ePAVs and eUAVs offer?”

“What technologic, economic and infrastructure changes are

needed for ePAVs to have a significant role in transportation?”

“How and when do we get there? A technology prize?”

“The Way I See It”(Starbucks # 234)

“How have we become so addicted to petroleum oil? How would the world be different if we could make all our own fuel in our own country? For the last two years I have driven to work on soybeans. This is possible in our lifetime.”

---Martin Tobias, CEO, Imperium Renewables,a bio-diesel refinery company.

All weatherSelf-piloted

STOLQuiet

Enviro-friendlyBio-fueled or “e”

Avoids traffic“Self-Awareness”

The Ideal Personal Aircraft

Surface congestion: single file

Airlines:Need huge airportsDemand liquid fuelStratospheric emissionsLimited routes

Airlines door to door average just 55 mph

Solution: More Roads or Mass Transit? Low

Ridership

HSR = 10x cost

(Madison InstituteStudy for Florida)

Freeways cost

$20M per mile

NASA: 21st Century Mobility

NASA: 21st Century Mobility

The NASA PAV Challenge

The Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency FoundationSanta Rosa, California 95404.

25 Years of Flight Testing Excellence

The Prototype 300 mph Lancair Legacywith CAFE flight test team at work

•Vantage Prize: overall points winner $100

•CAFE Efficiency Prize: trip cost $ 25K

•Noise Prize: cabin and community $ 50K

•Handling/Ease of Use Prize: judges $ 25K

• Shortest Runway Prize: Takeoffs only $ 25K

•Top Speed Prize: closed pylon racing $ 25K

$250,000 Prize Purse

For 2007

What About Electric Power for Aircraft?

1 gal diesel = 38 miles in a diesel IC car

1 gal diesel = 89 miles in an electric car (diesel generator)

Some motorgliders need only 10 BHP to fly level

55 BHP GSE bio-diesel engine weighs 45 lb

Tesla Electric Car:0-60 MPH in 4 sec.

250 BHP220 mile range

900 lb Lithium batteries

Solar Power? 1 KW/sq.m.

Solar Cell Efficiency:

18.8% for Copper indium diselenide cells

15.8% for Cadmium Telluride cells

12% for amorphous-Si cells

40.7% recently reported in lab prototype

L/D Optimization

L/D is high for sailplanesHigh ARShort chordLaminar flowTandemWing loading?High Lift devices?70 to 1 best ever L/D

Stemme S-8-RT ~$200,000

37:1 L/D @ 72 mph

150 mph on 47 THP72 mph on 13.2 THP

59’ span, wings fold to 23’

Battery-powered? @ 8K’GW: 1850-200+900 = 2550290 mi range at 81 mph250 mi range at 107 mph

Solar eStemme S-8-RT

16 sq m. solar wing area:If Solar capture =16%,then gain 2.5 KWExtends range to:

360 milesIf Solar capture = 40%,then gain 6.4 KWExtends range to:

587 miles

Now Add Solar Cells To Extend Range at 81 mph

Stemme S-8-RT Bio-diesel?

Stemme S-8-RT

Bio-diesel?

15 BHP bio-diesel from GSE generates 10 KW50 lb engine/generator weight + 150 lb fuel0.4 bsfc at constant power —> 1 gphreduces Vy battery power need to 1 KWextends range to over 1600 miles @ 107 mph @ 107 MPGextends range to over 1200 miles @ 81 mph @ 80 MPG

Stemme S-8-RT Hybrid?Adding efficient solar cells to bio-diesel

could enable + net charging to batteries in flight.Added weight demands exotic high lift devices

Stemme S-8-RT Hybrid?

Problems:Motor meltdown

Battery firesAdded Weight of solar cells, batteries, generator

Recharge timeRecharge availability

Night flyingCOST for consumers

Electric Stemme S-8-RTFuture gains in:

Li ion batteries: 50-100%Solar cell efficiency: to 60%

Carbon nano-tube weight savings: 2-4xUltra-capacitors?

Ramp parking ePAVs

Solar cells mean no hangars

Really strong tie-downs

Folding wings with quick conversion

Bio-diesel generators running unattended?

Plug-in hybrids?

Ramp parking ePAVs

Ramp parking ePAVs

Parking:Solar ePAVs

Antares 20E

Wings should fold

aft so solar cells

stay active

Where To Land?

Where To Land?

Getting to Grandma’s

1971: An early 4 passenger bicycle

Getting to Grandma’s

Getting to Grandma’s

PEV: Personal Electric Vehicle

Velo

Whilestaying

dry

Other Way-out Stuff

Georgia Tech-USAF: 3D solar cells capture AM to PMBoeing-Spectrolab: multi-junction solar cell: 40.7%

Power Towers and Heliostats use mirrors to aim sunSolar cells that release 6 electrons per quanta?

AmsteinGermany

PAVs Transform Airports Into Hives

Walk to town

Happiness

“Happiness comes from engaging in activities just beyond our skill level.”

--- Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Be Sure To Visit Uswww.cafefoundation.orgwww.cafefoundation.orgwww.cafefoundation.orgwww.cafefoundation.orgwww.cafefoundation.orgwww.cafefoundation.orgwww.cafefoundation.org

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