Ekxperimen Fizik Spm Kertas 3

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SECTION B (EXPERIMENT)

BAHAGIAN B (EKSPERIM EN)

FORM 4 / TINGKATAN 4

CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION

BAB 2 : DAYA DAN GERAKAN

1. Effect of force (F=ma)

Kesan daya (F=ma)

m,a : Force constant

Daya tetap

Inference

Inferens

: Acceleration of trolley depends on its mass

Pecutan troli bergantung pada jisim troli.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: Mass increases, acceleration. decreases.

Semakin bertambah jisim troli, semakin berkurang pecutan troli.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between acceleration and mass

Menyiasat hubungan antara pecutan dan jisim.

Manipulated variable : mass / number of trolley

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : jisim / bilangan troli

Responding variable : acceleration of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : pecutan troli

Constant variable : Force applied by an elastic cord,F

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Daya yang dikenakan oleh getah kenyal, F

Arrangement of apparatus:

Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Switch on power supply and a ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangkamasa detik.2. The trolley is pulled down the inclined runway with an elastic cord attached to the hind

post of the trolley.Troli ditarik menuruni landasan condong dengan tali kenyal di sambungkan pada

bahagian troli.



3. The elastic cord is stretched until the other end is with the front end of the trolley. The

length is maintained as the trolley runs down the runway.

Tali kenyal ditegangkan dan panjang tali kenyal di kekalkan semasa troli menuruni

landasan.4. The ticker tape obtained is cut into strips of 10- ticks and the acceleration, produced

by the one unit of force is calculated by using the formula, a=v-u/t

Pita detik yang diperolehi dipotong dengan setiap jalur mempunyai 10 detik dan

pecutan yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit daya dihitung menggunakan formula , a=v-u/t5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 trolley (with a second trolley stack up on

the first trolley)

Eksperimen diulangi dengan bilangan troli 2,3,4 dan 5 ( troli kedua di lekatkan pada

bahagian atas troli pertama)

Tabulation of data: Penjadualan data:

Mass of trolley

Jisim troli

Acceleration

Pecutan1 trolley

1 troli

2 trolley

2 troli

3 trolley

3troli

4 trolley

4troli

5 trolley

5 troli

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Acceleration

Pecutan

Mass Jisim



2. Effect of force (F=ma)

Kesan daya (F=ma)

F, a : Mass constant Jisim tetap

Inference

Inferens

: Acceleration of trolley depends on its force

Pecutan troli bergantung pada daya troli.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: Force increases, acceleration. increases

Semakin bertambah daya , semakin bertambah pecutan troli.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between acceleration and force

Menyiasat hubungan antara pecutan dan daya

Manipulated variable : Force applied by an elastic cord, F

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Daya yang dikenakan oleh getah kenyal, F

Responding variable : Acceleration of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Pecutan troli

Constant variable : mass / number of trolley

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : jisim / bilangan troli


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Switch on power supply and a ticker timer. Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangkamasa detik.

2. The trolley is pulled down the inclined runway with an elastic cord attached to the hind

post of the trolley.

Troli ditarik menuruni landasan condong dengan tali kenyal di sambungkan pada

bahagian troli.

3. The elastic cord is stretched until the other end is with the front end of the trolley. Thelength is maintained as the trolley runs down the runway.

Tali kenyal ditegangkan dan panjang tali kenyal di kekalkan semasa troli menuruni

landasan.

4. The ticker tape obtained is cut into strips of 10- ticks and the acceleration, produced

by the one unit of force is calculated by using the formula, a=v-u/t Pita detik yang diperolehi dipotong dengan setiap jalur mempunyai 10 detik dan

pecutan yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit daya dihitung menggunakan formula , a=v-u/t



5. The experiment is repeated with 2,3,4 and 5 identical elastic cord.

Eksperimen diulangi dengan bilangan troli 2,3,4 dan 5 getah kenyal yang sama.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Force / Number of elastic cord

Daya/ Bilangan getah kenyal

Acceleration

Pecutan

1 elastic cord

1 getah kenyal

1 elastic cord

1 getah kenyal

1 elastic cord 1 getah kenyal

1 elastic cord

1 getah kenyal

1 elastic cord

1 getah kenyal

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Acceleration

Pecutan

Force / Number of elastic cord Daya/ Bilangan getah kenyal



3. Velocity and height of a trolley

Halaju dengan ketinggian troli

v, h : angle of inclined runway,

Sudut kecondongan landasan,

Inference

Inferens

: Velocity depends on the height of a trolley

Halaju troli bergantung kepada ketinggian troli

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: Height of trolley increases , velocity of trolley increases

Semakin bertambah ketinggian troli, semakin bertambah halaju troli.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between velocity and height of a trolley

Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan ketinggian troli

Manipulated variable : Height of a trolley,h

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Ketinggian troli, h

Responding variable : Velocity of a trolley

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Halaju troli

Constant variable : angle of inclined runway,

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Sudut kecondongan landasan,


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. A ticker tape is attached to a trolley and passed through a ticker-timer connected to a

power supply.

Pita detik dilekatkan pada troli dan melalui jangka masa detik yang disambungkan

kepada bekalan kuasa.

2. The trolley is placed at a height,h=10.0cm from the table top. The height, h ismeasured by using a ruler and recorded.

Troli diletakkan pada ketinggian, h =10.0 cm dari permukaan meja. Ketinggian,h di

ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.

3. The power supply is turned on and the trolley is released to the run down the runway.

Bekalan kuasa dihidupkan dan troli dilepaskan menuruni landasan.

4. The velocity of the trolley at the bottom of the runway is calculated by using the

formula

Halaju troli pada bahagian bawah landasan dihitung dengan menggunakan formula

v= Distance traveled, s , v = Jarak dilalui,s Time for 5 ticks Masa untuk 5 detik

= s cm = 5cm



5. The experiment repeated with a height,h = 20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.

Eksperimen diulangi dengan ketinggian h = 15.0cm, 20.0cm, 25.0cm and 30.0cm.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Height of a trolley (cm)

Ketinggian troli(cm)

Velocity

Halaju

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Velocity

Halaju

Height of a trolley Ketinggian troli



4. Velocity and distance of a spring compression

Halaju dengan jarak mampatan spring

v, x : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring

Inference

Inferens

: Velocity depends on a distance of a spring compression

Halaju troli bergantung kepada jarak mampatan spring

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: Distance of a spring compression increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

Semakin bertambah jarak mampatan spring , semakin bertambah halaju troli.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring compression

Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan jarak mampatan spring

Manipulated variable : Distance of a spring compression, x

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak mampatan spring, x



Constant variable : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

diameter // thickness of a spring

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring//kekerasan//

diameter //ketebalan spring


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Switch on the power supply and ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangka masa detik.

2. Compress the spring by pushing the trolley at a distance, x =2.0cm measured by aruler.

Mampatkan spring dengan menolak troli pada jarak, x =2.0cm diukur dengan

menggunakan pembaris meter.

3. Release the trolley and calculate the velocity of a trolley from a ticker tape by usingthe formula,

Lepaskan troli dan hitung halaju troli daripada pita detik menggunakan formula,

v= Distance traveled, s , v = Jarak dilalui,s

Time for 5 ticks Masa untuk 5 detik= s cm = 5cm

5 ticks X 0.02s 5 detik X 0.02 s



4. The experiment repeated with a distance compression, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm and

10.0cm.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak mampatan spring, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0 cm dan

10.0cm.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Distance of a spring compression, x (cm)

Jarak mampatan spring, x (cm)

Velocity

Halaju

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Velocity

Halaju

Distance of a spring compression, x

Jarak mampatan spring, x



5. Velocity and distance of a spring stretching

Halaju dengan jarak regangan spring

v, x : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring

Inference

Inferens

: Velocity depends on a distance of a spring stretching

Halaju troli bergantung kepada jarak regangan spring

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: Distance of a spring stretching increases, the velocity of trolley increases.

Semakin bertambah jarak regangan spring , semakin bertambah halaju troli.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between velocity and a distance of a spring stretching

Menyiasat hubungan antara halaju dan jarak regangan spring

Manipulated variable : Distance of a spring stretching, x

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak regangan spring, x



Constant variable : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness//

diameter // thickness of a spring

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring//kekerasan//



Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Switch on the power supply and ticker timer.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa dan jangka masa detik.

2. Pull the trolley at a distance, x =2.0cm measured by a ruler.Tarik troli pada jarak, x =2.0 cm diukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.

3. Release the trolley and calculate the velocity of a trolley from a ticker tape by using

the formula,

Lepaskan troli dan hitung halaju troli daripada pita detik menggunakan formula,

v= Distance traveled, s , v = Jarak dilalui,s

Time for 5 ticks Masa untuk 5 detik

= s cm = 5cm

5 ticks X 0.02s 5 detik X 0.02 s



4. The experiment repeated by pulling the trolley at a distance, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0cm

and 10.0cm.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak mampatan spring, x = 4.0cm, 6.0cm, 8.0 cm dan10.0cm.


Distance of a spring stretching, x (cm)

Jarak regangan spring, x (cm)

Velocity

Halaju

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Velocity Halaju

Distance of a spring stretching, x

Jarak regangan spring, x



6. Period of oscillation and mass (Inertia)

Tempoh ayunan dengan jisim

T, m : The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of oscillation Bilangan ayunan bilah gergaji // sudut ayunan

Inference

Inferens

: Period of oscillation depends on its mass.

Tempoh ayunan bergantung kepada jisim

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The mass increases , the period of oscillation increases

Semakin bertambah jisim , semakin bertambah tempoh ayunan.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between period of oscillation and a mass.

Menyiasat hubungan antara tempoh ayunan dan jisim.

Manipulated variable : Mass

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jisim

Responding variable : Period of oscillation

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tempoh ayunan

Constant variable : The number of hacksaw blade oscillation // angle of

oscillation

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan ayunan bilah gergaji // sudut ayunan


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Measure the mass of the plasticine, m= 20.0g by using the triple beam balance and place it at the end of the hacksaw blade.

Timbang jisim plastisin, m =20.0g menggunakan neraca tiga alur dan letakkandihujung bilah gergaji.

2. Displace the hacksaw blade at a small angle of about 10.

Sesarkan bilah gergaji pada sudut ayunan yang kecil 10 .3. Release the hacksaw blade and at the same time start the stopwatch.

Lepaskan bilah gergaji dan pada masa yang sama hidupkan jam randik.

4. Record the time for 10 complete of hacksaw oscillations, t10 Catatkan masa bagi 10 ayunan lengkap bilah gergaji, t 10

5. The period of the hacksaw blade oscillation is calculated by using the

formula T= t10

10

Tempoh ayunan bilah gergaji dihitung dengan menggunakan

formula T= t10

10



6. Experiment is repeated by using different mass of plasticine, m= 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g

and 100.0g.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim plastisin yang berlainan, m = 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g

dan 100.0g.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Mass of plasticine, m (g)

Jisim plastisin,m (g)

Period of oscillation

Tempoh ayunan

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Period of oscillation

Tempoh ayunan

Mass of plasticine, m

Jisim plastisin,m



7. Extension of a spring and mass (Hooke’s Law)

Pemanjangan spring dengan jisim (Hukum Hooke)

x, m : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness //diameter // thickness of a spring

Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan// diameter //ketebalan spring

Inference

Inferens

: Extension of a spring depends on its mass.

Pemanjangan spring bergantung kepada jisim

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The mass increases , the extension of a spring increases

Semakin bertambah jisim , semakin bertambah pemanjangan spring.

Aim of experimentTujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between extension of a spring and a mass. Menyiasat hubungan antara pemanjangan spring dan jisim.

Manipulated variable : Mass

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jisim

Responding variable : Extension of a spring, xPembolehubah bergerakbalas : Pemanjangan spring, x

Constant variable : Elasticity of a spring // spring constant// stiffness

//diameter // thickness of a spring

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Kekenyalan spring // pemalar spring //kekerasan//



Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Measure the initial length of the spring, L1 by using a ruler.

Ukur panjang asal spring, L1 menggunakan pembaris meter

2. Put one slotted mass,m = 20.0g at the end of the spring

Letakkan jisim pemberat,m = 20.0g pada hujung spring.

3. Measure the length of the spring, L2

Ukur panjang spring, L2

4. Calculate the extension of the spring, x= L2-L1

Hitungkan pemanjangan spring ,x = L2-L15. Repeat the experiment by using different of slotted mass,m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g

and 100.0g.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim pemberat yang berlainan, m = 40.0g, 60.0g, 80.0g

dan 100.0g.



Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Slotted mass,m (g)

Jisim pemberat,m (g)

Extension of a spring,x

Pemanjangan spring, x

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Analysis of data: Analisis data:

Extension of a spring,x

Pemanjangan spring, x

Slotted mass,m (g)

Jisim pemberat,m (g)





Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Surface area (cm2)

Luas permukaanbersentuhan(cm2 )

Pressure

Tekanan

1

2

3

4

5


Lukis graf tekanan melawan luas permukaan

Draw a graph pressure against surface area

Pressure

Tekanan

Surface area Luas permukaan



2. Buoyant force, FB and depth of iron rod in water / weight of water displaced (Prinsip Archimedes)

Daya Tujah Ke atas, F B dengan kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang disesarkan (Prinsip

Archimedes)

FB, W0wd : Density of a liquid

Ketumpatan cecair

Inference

Inferens

: Buoyant force depends on depth of iron rod in water / weight of water displaced

Daya tujah ke atas bergantung kepada kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang

disesarkan

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The depth of iron rod in water increases / weight of water displaced increases , the

buoyant force increases.Semakin bertambah kedalaman rod besi dalam air / berat air yang disesarkan , semakin

bertambah daya tujah ke atas.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between buoyant force and the depth of iron rod in

water

Menyiasat hubungan antara daya tujah ke atas dan kedalaman rod besi dalam air.

Manipulated variable : Depth of iron rod in water

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : K edalaman rod besi dalam air

Responding variable : Buoyant force

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Daya tujah ke atas

Constant variable : Density of a liquid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Ketumpatan air


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The weight of iron rod in air is measured by using a spring balance,W0

Berat rod besi di udara di ukur dengan menggunakan neraca spring, W 0

2. The iron rod is lowered vertically in the water at depth, L=5.0cm

Rod besi di masukkan ke dalam air secara tegak pada kedalaman, L=5.0cm3. The weight of iron in the water is measured,W1.

Berat rod besi di dalam air diukur, W1

4. The buoyant force,B is calculated by using a formula, B= W1 – W0.

Daya tujah ke atas , F B di hitung dengan menggunakan formula, B= W1 – W 0.



5. The experiment is repeated with depth, L=10.0cm,15.0cm,20.0cm and 25.0cm.

Eksperimen diulang dengan kedalaman, L = 10.0cm, 15.0cm, 20.0cm dan 25.0cm.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Depth of iron rod in water (cm)

K edalaman rod besi dalam air (cm)

Buoyant force

Daya tujah ke atas

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Buoyant force

Daya tujah ke atas

Depth of iron rod in water Kedalaman rod besi dalam air



CHAPTER 4: HEAT

BAB 4 : HABA

1. Rise in temperature, and mass of material ( Q = mc)

Kenaikan suhu dengan jisim bahan (Q = mc )

, m : Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type of liquid

Suhu awal bahan // muatan haba tentu air// jenis cecair

Inference Inferens

: Rise in temperature depends on its mass. Kenaikan suhu bergantung kepada jisim bahan.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The mass of material decreases, the rise in temperature increases.

Semakin berkurang jisim bahan , semakin bertambah kenaikan suhu.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between rise in temperature and the mass of material.

Menyiasat hubungan antara kenaikan suhu dan jisim bahan.

Manipulated variable : Mass of material Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jisim bahan

Responding variable : Rise in temperature

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Kenaikan suhu

Constant variable : Initial temperature // specific heat capacity// type

of liquid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Suhu awal bahan // muatan haba tentu air// jenis

cecair


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The 20g of water is filled in the beaker.

20 g air diisi didalam bikar.

2. The initial temperature, 0 of water is recorded.

Suhu awal air, 0 air dicatat.

3. Switch on the heater and record the final temperature, F after 5 minutes.

Hidupkan pemanas dan catatkan bacaan suhu akhir , F selepas 5 minit.

4. Rise of temperature is calculated using a formula =F - 0

Kenaikan suhu dihitung dengan menggunakan formula = F - 05. Repeat the experiment for different masses 40g,60g,80g and 100g.



6. The experiment is repeated with different masses, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g and 100.0g.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jisim yang berbeza, m = 40.0g,60.0g,80.0g dan 100.0g.


Mass of material (g) Jisim bahan (g) Rise in temperature Kenaikan suhu

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Rise in temperature

Kenaikan suhu

Mass of material

Jisim bahan



2. Pressure and Volume ( Boyle’s Law P = 1 )

V

Tekanan dengan Isipadu ( Hukum Boyle’s P = 1 )V

P, V Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

Suhu / jisim udara di dalam picagari

Inference

Inferens

: Pressure depends on its volume.

Tekanan bergantung kepada isipadu.

Hypothesis Hipotesis

: The volume decreases , the pressure increases. Semakin berkurang jisim bahan , semakin bertambah tekanan.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between pressure and volume.

Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan isipadu.

Manipulated variable : Volume

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Isipadu

Responding variable : Pressure

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tekanan

Constant variable : Temperature / mass of air inside a syringe

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Suhu / jisim udara di dalam picagari


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The piston of the syringe is pushed in until the enclosed volume of air trapped is

50cm3.

Omboh picagari ditolak sehingga isipadu udara terperangkap 50cm3.

2. The pressure on the Bourdon gauge is recorded.

Tekanan pada Tolok Bourdon dicatatkan.

3. Repeat the experiment for enclosed volume /air trapped in the syringe 40cm3, 30cm

3,

20cm3and 10cm

3.

Eksperimen diulang dengan isipadu udara yang terperangkap,V = 40cm3 , 30cm

3 ,

20cm3 dan 10cm

3.



Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Volume of air trapped (cm )

Isipadu udara yang terperangkap (cm3)

Pressure

Tekanan

50.0

40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0


Pressure

Tekanan

Volume of air trapped

Isipadu udara terperangkap



3. Volume and Temperature ( Charles Law V = T )

Isipadu dengan Suhu ( Hukum Charles V = T )

V, T Mass / Pressure of air trapped

Jisim / Tekanan udara terperangkap

Inference

Inferens

: Volume depends on its temperature.

Isipadu bergantung kepada suhu.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The temperature increases , the volume increase.

Semakin bertambah suhu , semakin bertambah isipadu.


: To investigate the relationship between volume and temperature. Menyiasat hubungan antara isipadu dan suhu.

Manipulated variable : Temperature of trapped air,

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Suhu udara terperangkap,

Responding variable : Length of air column, x Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Panjang turus udara, x

Constant variable : Mass/ Pressure of trapped air

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Jisim/ Tekanan udara terperangkap.


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The water is heated and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water reaches

20C.

Air dipanaskan dan dikacau berterusan sehingga suhu air mencapai 20 C.2. The length of air column, x is measured by using a ruler.

Panjang turus udara, x di ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.

3. The experiment is repeated by increases the temperature, = 40C,60C, 80C and

100C.

Eksperimen diulang dengan dengan menambahkan suhu , = 40 C,60 C, 80 C dan

100 C.



Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Temperature of trapped air, (C )

Suhu udara terperangkap, ( C )

Length of air column trapped , x

Panjang turus udara terperangkap, x

20

40

60

80

100

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Length of air column trapped,x

Panjang turus udara terperangkap, x

Temperature of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap



4. Pressure and Temperature ( Pressure Law P = T )

Tekanan dengan Suhu ( Hukum Tekanan P = T )

P, T Mass / Volume of air trapped

Jisim / Isipadu udara terperangkap

Inference

Inferens

: Pressure depends on its temperature.

Tekanan bergantung kepada suhu.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The temperature increases , the pressure increases.

Semakin bertambah suhu , semakin bertambah tekanan.


: To investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature. Menyiasat hubungan antara tekanan dan suhu.

Manipulated variable : Temperature of trapped air,

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Suhu udara terperangkap,

Responding variable : Pressure of trapped airPembolehubah bergerakbalas : Tekanan udara terperangkap

Constant variable : Mass/ Volume of trapped air

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Jisim/ Isipadu udara terperangkap.


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The water bath is heated and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water

reaches 20C.

Air di dalam kukus dipanaskan dan dikacau secara berterusan sehingga suhu air

mencapai 20 C.2. The pressure of the air in round bottomed flask is measured by using the Bourdon

gauge.

Tekanan udara di dalam kelalang dasar bulat di ukur dengan menggunakan Tolok

Bourdon.

3. The experiment is repeated by increases the temperature 40C,60C, 80C and 100C.

Eksperimen diulang dengan dengan menambahkan suhu , = 40 C,60 C, 80 C dan

100 C.



Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Temperature of trapped air, (C )

Suhu udara terperangkap, ( C )

Pressure of trapped air

Tekanan udara terperangkap

20

40

60

80

100

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Pressure of trapped air

Tekanan udara terperangkap

Temperature of trapped air

Suhu udara terperangkap



CHAPTER 5: LIGHT

BAB 5 : CAHAYA

1. Linear magnification,m and object distance,u

Pembesaran Linear, m dengan Jarak objek, u

m, u : Focal length / lens power

Panjang focus / kuasa kanta

Inference

Inferens

: Linear magnification depends on the object distance.

Tekanan air bergantung kepada kedalaman air.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: Object distance increases , linear magnification decreases.

Semakin bertambah jarak objek , semakin berkurang pembesaran linear.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between linear magnification and object distance.

Menyiasat hubungan antara pembesaran linear dan jarak objek.

Manipulated variable : Object distance , u Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak objek , u

Responding variable : Linear magnification

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Pembesaran linear

Constant variable : Focal length / lens power

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Panjang fokus / kuasa kanta


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The object is placed 10.0cm from the lens.

Objek diletakkan 10.0 cm daripada kanta.2. Adjust the screen until the sharp image formed on the white screen.

Skrin dilaraskan sehingga imej yang tajam dibentuk pada skrin.

3. The image distance,v is measured by using a ruler.

Jarak imej, v di ukur dengan menggunakan pembaris meter.

4. Linear magnification of the image, m is calculated using a formula, m=v/u

Pembesaran linear imej, m di hitung dengan menggunakan rumus, m=v/u



5. Repeat the experiment with different object distance, u=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and

50.0cm.

Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak objek yang berlainan, u =20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm

dan 50.0cm.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Object distance,u (cm)

Jarak objek, u (cm)

Linear magnification

Pembesaran linear

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Linear magnification

Pembesaran linear

Object distance Jarak objek



2. Density of a liquid and apparent depth

Ketumpatan cecair dengan dalam ketara, h

Real depth

Dalam nyata

Inference

Inferens

: The apparent depth depends on density of liquid.

Dalam ketara bergantung kepada ketumpatan cecair

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The density of a liquid increases the apparent depth decreases.

Semakin bertambah ketumpatan cecair , semakin berkurang dalam ketara

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between apparent depth and density of a liquid

Menyiasat hubungan antara dalam ketara dan ketumpatan cecair

Manipulated variable : Density of a liquid

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Ketumpatan cecair

Responding variable : Apparent depth

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Dalam ketara

Constant variable : Real depth

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Dalam nyata


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The beaker is filled with liquid with density 1.0 kgm-3. Bikar di isi dengan air berketumpatan 1.0 kgm

-3.

2. By using a ruler ,the real depth of the pin is measured = H

Dengan menggunakan pembaris meter, dalam nyata kedudukan pin di ukur, H

3. The position of pin O is seen vertically above the surface of the water.

Kedudukan pin O dilihat secara tegak di atas permukaan air .

4. The position of pin I is adjusted until parallax error between the pin O and the pin I is

non- existent.

Kedudukan pin I dilaraskan sehingga ralat paralaks antara pin I dan pin O tidak

kelihatan.

5. By using the ruler again ,the position of pin I is measured as the apparent depth = h

Dengan menggunakan pembaris meter, kedudukan pin I diukur sebagai dalam

ketara =h



6. Repeat the experiment with different density of liquid, = 2.0 kgm-3

, = 3.0 kgm-3

.

= 4.0 kgm-3

and = 5.0 kgm-3

Eksperimen diulang dengan ketumpatan cecair yang berlainan, = 2.0 kgm-3

, = 3.0

kgm-3

. = 4.0 kgm-3

and = 5.0 kgm-3


Density of a liquid, ( kgm-3

)

Ketumpatan cecair, ( kgm-3

)

Apparent depth, h(cm)

Dalam nyata, h (cm)

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Apparent depth Dalam nyata

Density of a liquid

Ketumpatan cecair



FORM 5 / TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 6: WAVE

BAB 6 : GELOMBANG

1. Distance between two consecutive loud sounds, x and distance between two loud speakers, a

Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x dan jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a

, d Frequency of the signal generator Frekuensi penjana audio

Inference

Inferens

: Distance between two consecutive loud sounds, x depends on distance between two loud

speakers, a

Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x bergantung kepada jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The distance between two loud speakers, a, increases the distance between two

consecutive loud sounds, x decreases.

Semakin bertambah jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a ,semakin berkurang jarak

antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the distance between two consecutive loud

sounds, x and distance between two loud speakers, a

Menyiasat hubungan antara jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x dan jarak

antara dua pembesar suara, a

Manipulated variable : Distance between two loud speakers, a Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Jarak antara dua pembesar suara, a

Responding variable : Distance between two consecutive loud sounds, x

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x

Constant variable : Frequency of the signal generator Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Frekuensi penjana audio


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Place a signal generator and two loudspeakers on a long bench in an open space. Letakkan penjana audio dan dua pembesar suara

2. Adjust the separation, a, of the two speakers 1.0m.

Ubah pemisahan ,a dua pembesar suara 1.0m.

3. Switch on the signal generator.

Hidupakan penjana audio.

4. An observer stand 5m in front of A and B and walks in a straight line parallel to the both loudspeaker position.

Pemerhati berdiri 5m dihadapan pembesar suara dan berjalan di sepanjang garis



5. The distance between two consecutive loud sound heard, x, is measured by metre rule.Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan, x diukur dengan menggunakan pembaris

meter.

6. Repeat the experiment with distance between two loudspeakers, a=1.2m,

1.4m,1.6m,1.8m and 2.0m. Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak antara dua pembesar suara,a = 1.2m,

1.4m,1.6m,1.8m dan 2.0m.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Distance between two loud

speakers, a (cm )

Jarak antara dua pembesar

suara, a(cm )

Distance between two consecutive

loud sounds, x

Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang

berturutan, x

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Distance between two consecutive loud sounds

Jarak antara dua bunyi kuat yang berturutan

Distance between two loud speakers

Jarak antara dua pembesar suara



CHAPTER 7 : ELECTRICITY

BAB 7 : ELEKTRIK

1. Rise in temperature, and magnitude of current

Kenaikan suhu, dan magnitud arus.

, I Time of heating // volume of water

Masa pemanasan // isipadu air

Inference Inferens

: Rise in temperature depends on the magnitude of current. Kenaikan suhu bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The magnitude of current increases the rise in temperature increases.

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah kenaikan suhu.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the rise in temperature and magnitude of

current .

Menyiasat hubungan antara kenaikan suhu dan magnitud arus.

Manipulated variable : Magnitude of current, I

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus, I

Responding variable : Rise in temperature,

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Kenaikan suhu,

Constant variable : Time of heating // volume of water

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Masa pemanasan // isipadu air


Susunan Radas:

Procedure : Prosedur :

1. Record the initial water temperature, 0

Catatkan suhu awal air, 02. Switch on the circuit and adjust the the rheostat to supply a current 0.2A.

Hidupkan suis dan laraskan rheostat supaya arus yang mengalir 0.2A.

3. Record the final water temperature, F after 5 minutes.

Rekod suhu akhir air, F selepas 5 minit.

4. Rise in temperature, is calculated by using the formula = F - 0

Kenaikan suhu, dihitung dengan menggunakan formula = F - 05. Repeat the experiment for different magnitude of current, I=0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A and

1.0A. Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A dan

1.0A.



Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Magnitude of current, I (A)

Magnitud arus, I(A)Rise in temperature,

Kenaikan suhu,

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Rise in temperature

Kenaikan suhu

Magnitude of current

Magnitud arus



2. Resistance and length/diameter of wire

Rintangan dan panjang / diameter dawai.

Diameter/length/ current/resistivity

Diameter /panjang / arus / kerintangan

Inference

Inferens

: Resistance of wire depends on the length of wire.

Riantangan dawai bergantung kepada panjang dawai

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The length of wire increases the resistance of wire increases.

Semakin bertambah panjang dawai semakin bertambah rintangan dawai.


: To investigate the relationship between the resistance of wire and the length of wire. Menyiasat hubungan antara rintangan dawai dan panjang dawai

Manipulated variable : length of wire.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Panjang dawai

Responding variable : resistance of wirePembolehubah bergerakbalas : rintangan dawai

Constant variable : Diameter/length/ current/resistivity

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Diameter /panjang / arus / kerintangan


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. A constantan wire (s.w.g 28) with the length, L=10.0 cm is connected between XY.

Wayar constantan (s.w.g 28) dengan panjang, L=10.0 cm disambungkan antara titik

XY.

2. The rheostat is adjusted until the current flows in the circuit 0.5A and voltmeter

reading is recorded.

Reostat dilaraskan supaya arus yang mengalir di dalam litar 0.5A dan bacaanvoltmeter direkodkan.

3. The resistance calculated by using a formula, R=V/I

Rintangan di hitung dengan menggunakan formula R=V/I

4. Repeat the experiment with length of wire, L=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.

Ulang eksperimen dengan panjang dawai L=20.0cm, 30.0cm, 40.0cm and 50.0cm.



Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

length of wire, L (cm)

Panjang dawai, L(cm)resistance of wire,R ()

Rintangan dawai, R()

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Resistance of wire

Riantangan dawai

Length of wire

Panjang dawai



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3. Energy / Work done / Power / height of the load and magnitude of current / voltage

Tenaga / Kerja dilakukan / Kuasa / Ketinggian beban dan magnitud arus / voltan.

h , I Mass of the load

Jisim beban

Inference

Inferens

: Height of the load depends on the magnitude of current.

Ketinggian beban bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The magnitude of current increases the height of the load increases

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah ketinggian beban.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the height of the load and magnitude of current

Mengkaji hubungan antara ketinggian beban dan magnitud arus.

Manipulated variable : Magnitude of current, I

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus, I

Responding variable : Height of the load,h

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Ketinggian beban, h

Constant variable : Mass of the load

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Jisim beban


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Switch on the power supply.

Hidupkan bekalan kuasa.

2. Adjust the rheostat so that the current flow in the circuit is 0.5A.

Laraskan rheostat supaya arus yang mengalir dalam litar, I= 0.5 A.

3. Activate the stopwatch.

Hidupkan jam randik.

4. Measure the height/distance of the load, h goes up using a ruler in 2 minutes.

Ukur ketinggian / jarak beban, h menggunakan pembaris meter selepas 2 minit.

5. Repeat experiment with different current, I=1.0A, 1.5A, 2.0A and 2.5A.

Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 1.0A, 1.5A, 2.0A dan

2.5A.



384531/3 © Fizik_2014

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:


Magnitud arus, I(A)

Height of the load

Ketinggian beban

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Height of the load Ketinggian beban


Magnitud arus



394531/3 © Fizik_2014

CHAPTER 8 : ELECTROMAGNET

BAB 8 : ELEKTROMAGNET

1. Strength of magnetic field / number of pin attracted and magnitude of current

Kekuatan medan magnet / bilangan pin yang ditarik dan magnitud arus.

N , I Number of turn of the solenoid

Bilangan lilitan solenoid

Inference

Inferens

: Strength of magnetic field depends on the magnitude of current.

Kekuatan medan magnet bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The magnitude of current increases the strength of magnetic field increases.

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah kekuatan medan magnet.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the strength of magnetic field and magnitude of

current .

Mengkaji hubungan antara kekuatan medan magnet dan magnitud arus.

Manipulated variable : Magnitude of current, I Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus, I

Responding variable : Number of pin attracted

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Bilangan pin yang ditarik

Constant variable : Number of turn of the solenoid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan lilitan solenoid


Susunan Radas:

Procedure : Prosedur :

1. The switch is on and rheostat is adjusted to set the current flow, I = 0.2A.

Hidupkan suis dan rheostat dilaraskan supaya arus yang mengalir, I = 0.2A

2. Bring the petri dish filled with pin at the end of solenoid.

Bawa piring petri yang berisi pin pada hujung solenoid.

3. Record the number of pin attracted by the end of the solenoid.

Catatkan bilangan pin yang ditarik oleh hujung solenoid.

4. Repeat the experiment with current, I =0.4A, 0.6A, 0.8A and 1.0A.

Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbeza, I= 0.4A, 0.6A,0.8A dan

1.0A.



404531/3 © Fizik_2014

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:


Magnitud arus, I(A)

Number of pin attracted

Bilangan pin yang ditarik

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Number of pin attracted

Bilangan pin yang ditarik


Magnitud arus



414531/3 © Fizik_2014

2. Magnitude of the induced current and velocity / speed / height of bar magnet

Magnitud arus teraruh dan halaju / laju / ketinggian magnet bar

I , h Number of turn of the solenoid

Bilangan lilitan solenoid

Inference

Inferens

: Magnitude of the induced current depends on the height of bar magnet.

Magnitud arus teraruh bergantung kepada ketinggian magnet bar.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The height of bar magnet increases the magnitude of the induced current increases.

Semakin bertambah ketinggian magnet bar semakin bertambah magnitud arus teraruh.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and

height of bar magnet.

Mengkaji hubungan antara ketinggian magnet bar dan magnitud arus teraruh.

Manipulated variable : Height of bar magnet ,h

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Ketinggian magnet bar, h

Responding variable : Magnitude of the induced currentPembolehubah bergerakbalas : Magnitud arus teraruh

Constant variable : Number of turn of the solenoid

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan lilitan solenoid


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The height of bar magnet is adjusted at h = 20 cm.

Ketinggian magnet bar dilaraskan, h = 20 cm

2. The bar magnet is dropped vertically into the coil of wire. Record the maximum

reading of miliammeter.

Magnet bar dijatuhkan secara tegak ke dalam gegelung wayar. Catatkan bacaan

maksimum miammeter.



424531/3 © Fizik_2014

3. Repeat the experiment with different height of bar magnet dropped, h = 30 cm, 40

cm, 50cm and 60 cm .

Eksperimen diulang dengan menjatuhkan magnet bar pada ketinggian yang berbeza,

h= 30 cm, 40 cm, 50cm dan 60 cm .

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Height of bar magnet, h (cm)

Ketinggian magnet bar,h (cm)

Magnitude of the induced current

Magnitud arus teraruh

20

30

40

50

60

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:



Height of bar magnet

Ketinggian magnet bar



434531/3 © Fizik_2014

3. Force / displacement / distance travelled and magnitude current.

Daya / sesaran / jarak yang dilalui dan magnitud arus

I , h Number of magnet bar / strength of electromagnet

Bilangan bar magnet / kekuatan elektromagnet

Inference Inferens

: Distance travelled of bare copper rod depends on the magnitude of current. Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum bergantung kepada magnitud arus.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The magnitude of current.increases the distance travelled of bare copper rod increases.

Semakin bertambah magnitud arus semakin bertambah jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod

kuprum.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the distance travelled of bare copper rod and

magnitude of current.

Mengkaji hubungan antara jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum dan magnitud arus

Manipulated variable : Magnitude current.

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Magnitud arus.

Responding variable : Distance travelled of bare copper rod

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum

Constant variable : Number of bar magnet

Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Bilangan bar magnet


Susunan Radas:

Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. The switch is switched on. The rheostat is adjusted to obtain a current, I = 0.5 A

Suis dihidupkan. Reostat dilaraskan supaya arus mengalir, I = 0.5A

2. Measure the displacement of the bare copper rod by using metre ruler.

Ukur sesaran bar rod kuprum menggunakan pembaris meter.



444531/3 © Fizik_2014

3. Repeat the experiment with different magnitude of current, I = 1.0A. 1.5A, 2.0 A and

2.5A..

Eksperimen diulang dengan magnitud arus yang berbez, I = 1.0A. 1.5A, 2.0 A dan

2.5A..

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Magnitude of current, I (A) Magnitud arus, I (A)

Distance travelled of bare copper rod Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum

20

30

40

50

60

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:

Distance travelled of bare copper rod

Jarak yang dilalui oleh bar rod kuprum

Magnitude of current.

Magnitud arus.



454531/3 © Fizik_2014

4. Magnitude of induced current / potential difference (Vs) and number of turns of the secondary coil

Magnitud arus teraruh / beza keupayaan dan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder

I, Ns : Primary voltage // number of turns of the primary coil // size / diameter / thickness of wire of

coils.

Voltan Primary // bilangan lilitan gegelung primary //saiz / diameter / ketebalan gegelung

wayar.

Inference

Inferens

: Magnitude of the induced current depends on the number of turns of the secondary coil

Magnitud arus teraruh bergantung kepada bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.

Hypothesis

Hipotesis

: The number of turns of the secondary coil increases the magnitude of the induced

current decreases.

Semakin bertambah bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder semakin berkurang magnitud

arus teraruh.

Aim of experiment

Tujuan eksperimen

: To investigate the relationship between the magnitude of the induced current and

number of turns of the secondary coil.

Mengkaji hubungan antara magnitud arus teraruh. dan bilangan lilitan gegelung

sekunder .

Manipulated variable : Number of turns of the secondary coil, Ns

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi : Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder.Ns

Responding variable : Magnitude of the induced current

Pembolehubah bergerakbalas : Magnitud arus teraruh

Constant variable : Number of turns of the primary coil

Pembolehubah yang ditetapkan : Bilangan lilitan gegelung primary


Susunan Radas:

OR

Ac power

supply

Ac power

supply

Soft laminated iron core



Procedure :

Prosedur :

1. Set up the apparatus as shown, with a 240 V ac current supply with 50 turns on the

primary coil.

Susun alat radas seperti ditunjukkan iaitu bekalan kuasa 240V dengan 50 bilangan

lilitan gegelung primary.

2. Set the secondary coil so that the number of turns n = 20

Gegelung sekunder dilaraskan dengan bilangan lilitan, n =20

3. Switch on the power supply, measure the current, I by using the ammeter that passes

through the secondary coil. Hidupkan bekalan kuasa, ukur arus,I dengan menggunakan ammeter yang melalui

gegelung sekunder.

4. Repeat the experiment with different number of secondary coil, n = 40, 60, 80 and

100 turns.

Eksperimen diulang dengan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder yang berbeza, Ns =

40, 60, 80 dan 100 turns.

Tabulation of data:

Penjadualan data:

Number of turns of the

secondary coil,Ns Bilangan lilitan gegelung

sekunder, Ns



20

40

60

80

100

Analysis of data:

Analisis data:



Number of turns of the secondary coil

Bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder, n

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Ekxperimen Fizik Spm Kertas 3