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LONDON POWER ASSOCIATES LTD
London Power Associates Ltd. LPA Project Number 10344 Elizabeth House, 56-60 London Road, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 4BQ, UK EirGrid Project Number PSP019 Tel: +44 (0)1784 490 057, Fax: +44 (0)1784 273 860 E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.LPAworld.com
EirGrid
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
Partial AC Underground Solution
Appendix A – 400kV Cable Option
17/12/2014
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE II OF III 17/12/2014
REPORT AUTHORISATION SHEET
Client: EirGrid
Project: 10344 – PSP019 Cable Studies for Grid west
Report Title Appendix A – 400kV Cable Option
Project Number 10344
Report Version Final Appendix
Report Date 17th December 2014
Prepared by:
Name: Christopher Ellis
Position: Senior Consultant
Date: 17th December 2014
Checked by:
Name: Amarjit Jhutty
Position: Managing Director
Date: 17th December 2014
Authorised for issue:
Name: Johan Stalmans
Position: Director
Date: 17th December 2014
Version No. Report Date Comment Author Checked Authorised
1.0 17/12/14 Initial Issue CE AJ JS
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE III OF III 17/12/2014
Contents
1 400 kV Partial Cable Solutions .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Network Scenario – 90 km OHL/10 km UGC ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Model Verification – Original Model vs. LPA Model .......................................................................... 2 1.3 Impedance Scan - Length 10 km – Summer Valley B – Case 1 ........................................................... 3 1.4 Time Domain - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 1 ................................................................ 4 1.5 Impedance Scan - Length 10 km – Summer Valley B – Case 2 ........................................................... 7 1.6 Time Domain - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 2 ................................................................ 8 1.7 Impedance Scan - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 3 .......................................................... 11 1.8 Time Domain - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 3 .............................................................. 12
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 1 OF 16 17/12/2014
1 400 KV PARTIAL CABLE SOLUTIONS
A 400 kV option of overhead line (OHL) and underground cable (UGC) was considered between North Mayo and Flagford substations to verify an existing assumption that a 400 kV cable of significant length would not be feasible on the Grid West circuit.
This appendix will cover the 400 kV overhead line and cable option with the circuit incorporating 90 km OHL and 10 km UGC. This case has failed due to a high resonance point below the 3rd harmonic of above 1000 Ohms and has also failed due to TOVs exceeding the allowable limits.1
1.1 Network Scenario – 90 km OHL/10 km UGC
A load flow solution for the cable was considered to determine the reactive power requirements for the OHL and UGC configuration.
Reactive power requirements for the 400 kV circuit are detailed in the table below.
Network Reactive power requirements at Flagford 400 kV station
90 km OHL/10 km UGC 218.7 MVar
The reactive support requirements at each end of the 400 kV partial underground configuration is as follows:
• Flagford – 125 MVar
• North Mayo – 20 MVar – Not consuming in Winter Peak A
These combinations were verified in both the Winter Peak A and the Summer Valley B scenarios.
1 For the purposes of clarity , in the Time Domain Simulations shown in all the Appendices, the term ‘N-2’ shown in the graphical figure descriptions refer to an ‘N-1-1’ trip-maintenance situation.
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 2 OF 16 17/12/2014
LOCATION FLAGFORD NORTH MAYO
Scenario Voltage (pu)
Reactive Power
absorbed (MVars)
Voltage (pu)
Reactive Power
absorbed (MVars)
Winter Peak A – WPA – 1.05 pu 1.04171 125.0 1.0500 0
Summer Valley A – SVA – 1.0 pu 1.0037 125.9 1.000 20
1.2 Model Verification – Original Model vs. LPA Model
The conclusions of the model verification are detailed below.
Original Grid West 400 kV Model LPA Grid West 400 kV Model
Cable modelled in 0.566 km sections Cable modelled in 3.33 km sections
Bergeron models used (Inaccurate, proven by an previous EirGrid study)
PI sections used
Old System network New system network
No reactors fitted Reactors fitted
Cable size too small (1400mm2) Correct cable modelled (2500mm2)
Conclusion:
Update LPA model with shorter subsection PI model to gain accuracy – Carried out in Case 3.
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 3 OF 16 17/12/2014
1.3 Impedance Scan - Length 10 km – Summer Valley B – Case 1 Conditions for impedance scan:
1. Summer Valley B network
2. North Mayo to Flagford 400 kV Circuit - 10 km Cable/90 km OHL
3. Reactors – North Mayo 20 Mvar/Flagford 125 Mvar
4. LPA 400 kV Cable Model used w/ 3.33 km PI Sections
Figure 1: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Lines Out
Impedance Scan - Resonance points
Frequency (Hz) Impedance (Ω)
138.61 1600.70
700.51 966.35
892.81 1240.40
957.91 644.58
(file FS_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off.pl4; x-var f) v:FLAG2A 0 200 400 600 800 1000[Hz]
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
[V]
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90km 400kV Overhead Line - (N-2) Cashla-Flagford 220kV - Flagford-Louth 220kV
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 4 OF 16 17/12/2014
1.4 Time Domain - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 1 Conditions for impedance scan:
1. Summer Valley B network
2. North Mayo to Flagford 400 kV Circuit - 10 km Cable/90 km OHL
3. Reactors – North Mayo 20 Mvar/Flagford 125 Mvar
4. LPA 400 kV Cable Model used w/ 3.33 km PI Sections
Case 1: (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out
System Conditions:
1. The Flagford – Louth 220 kV line is on an outage. Fault applied on the Flagford side of Cashla-Flagford line at 0s, removed Fault at 200ms, opened Flagford-Cashla Line breaker at 200ms.
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 5 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 2: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (220kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out (0-4s)
Figure 3: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (220kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out (0.1-0.6s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 326.58 kV (1.8185 pu) 449.07 kV (2.5 pu) Pass
Temporary Overvoltage 281.89 kV (1.5697 pu) 287.32 kV (1.6 pu) Pass
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG2A v:FLAG2B v:FLAG2C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0[s]
-350.0
-262.5
-175.0
-87.5
0.0
87.5
175.0
262.5
350.0
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90 km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG2A v:FLAG2B v:FLAG2C 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6[s]
-350.0
-262.5
-175.0
-87.5
0.0
87.5
175.0
262.5
350.0
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90 km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 6 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 4: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out (0-4.0s)
Figure 5: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out (0.1-0.6s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 600.58 kV (3.3443 pu) 816.49 kV (2.5 pu) Pass
Temporary Overvoltage 535.69 kV (2.983 pu) 522.55 kV(1.6 pu) Pass
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG4A v:FLAG4B v:FLAG4C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0[s]
-700
-525
-350
-175
0
175
350
525
700
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90 km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG4A v:FLAG4B v:FLAG4C 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6[s]
-700
-525
-350
-175
0
175
350
525
700
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90 km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 7 OF 16 17/12/2014
1.5 Impedance Scan - Length 10 km – Summer Valley B – Case 2 Conditions for impedance scan:
1. Summer Valley B network
2. North Mayo to Flagford 400 kV Circuit - 10 km Cable/90 km OHL
3. No reactors
4. LPA 400 kV Cable Model used w/ 3.33 km PI Sections
Figure 6: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Lines Out Without Reactors
Impedance Scan - Resonance points
Frequency (Hz) Impedance (Ω)
131.0 1539.5
701.0 968.03
891.0 1211.3
951.0 594.42
(file FS_GW0_BASE_SVB_ASCC.pl4; x-var f) v:FLAG2A 0 200 400 600 800 1000
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 8 OF 16 17/12/2014
1.6 Time Domain - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 2 Conditions for impedance scan:
1. Summer Valley B network
2. North Mayo to Flagford 400 kV Circuit - 10 km Cable/90 km OHL
3. No reactors
4. LPA 400 kV Cable Model used w/ 3.33 km PI Sections
Case 2: (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out
System Conditions:
1. The Flagford – Louth 220 kV line is on an outage. Fault applied on the Flagford side of Cashla-Flagford line at 0s, removed Fault at 200ms, opened Flagford-Cashla Line breaker at 200ms.
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 9 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 7: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (220kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out Without Reactors (0-4s)
Figure 8: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (220kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out Without Reactors (0.1-0.6s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 341.89 kV (1.9038 pu) 449.07 kV (2.5 pu) Pass
Temporary Overvoltage 301.89 kV (1.6810 pu) 287.32 kV(1.6 pu) Pass
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG2A v:FLAG2B v:FLAG2C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
kV
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG2A v:FLAG2B v:FLAG2C 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
kV
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 10 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 9: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out Without Reactors (0-4s)
Figure 10: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out Without Reactors (0.1-0.6s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 786.23 kV (4.378 pu) 449.07 kV (2.5 pu) Fail*
Temporary Overvoltage 501.23 kV (2.7911 pu) 287.32 kV(1.6 pu) Fail
*Pass can be achieved with surge arrestors
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG4A v:FLAG4B v:FLAG4C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
-700
-400
-100
200
500
800
kV
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off-reclosed.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG4A v:FLAG4B v:FLAG4C 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
-700
-400
-100
200
500
800
kV
Summer Valley B - 10km 400kV Cable/90km 400kV Overhead Line (N-1) Flagford-Louth/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 11 OF 16 17/12/2014
1.7 Impedance Scan - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 3 Conditions for impedance scan:
1. Summer Valley B network
2. North Mayo to Flagford 400 kV Circuit - 10 km Cable/90 km OHL
3. Reactors – North Mayo 20 Mvar/Flagford 125 Mvar
4. LPA 400 kV Cable Model used w/ 0.566 km PI Sections
Figure 11: WPA - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Lines Out/With Reactor
Impedance Scan - Resonance points
Frequency (Hz) Impedance (Ω)
138.01 1656.6
699.01 977.68
895.51 1777.4
969.01 630.98
(file FS_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Reclosed_2500mm_566m.pl4; x-var f) v:FLAG2A 0 200 400 600 800 1000[Hz]
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
[ ]
Summer Valley B - 10 km 400 kV Cable/90 km 400 kV OHL (N-2) Flagford-Louth/Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 12 OF 16 17/12/2014
1.8 Time Domain - Length 10km – Summer Valley B – Case 3 Conditions for impedance scan:
1. Summer Valley B network
2. North Mayo to Flagford 400 kV Circuit - 10 km Cable/90 km OHL
3. Reactors – North Mayo 20 Mvar/Flagford 125 Mvar
4. LPA 400 kV Cable Model used w/ 0.566 km PI Sections
Case 3: (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out
System Conditions:
1. The Flagford – Louth 220 kV line is on an outage. Fault applied on the Flagford side of Cashla-Flagford line at 10s, removed Fault at 90ms, opened Flagford-Cashla Line breaker at 90ms, reclosed breaker at 110 ms.
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 13 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 12: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (220kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out/With Reactors (0-4s)
Figure 13: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (220kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford Trip/Flagford-Louth Line Out/With Reactors (0-1s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 315.39 kV (1.755 pu) 449.07 kV (2.5 pu) Pass
Temporary Overvoltage 272.67 kV (1.5183 pu) 287.32 kV(1.6 pu) Pass
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Fail_Reclose_PI_mod_2500mm2_566mv2.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG2A v:FLAG2B v:FLAG2C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0[s]
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 400 kV 10km Cable/90km Overhead Line (N-2) Flagford-Louth Out/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Fail_Reclose_PI_mod_2500mm2_566mv2.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG2A v:FLAG2B v:FLAG2C 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0[s]
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 400 kV 10km Cable/90km Overhead Line (N-2) Flagford-Louth Out/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 14 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 14: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Line Out/With Reactors (0-4s)
Figure 15: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – Flagford (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Line Out/With Reactors (0-1s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 676.9 kV (2.0726 pu) 816.49 kV (2.5 pu) Pass
Temporary Overvoltage 547.2 kV (1.675 pu) 522.55 kV (1.6 pu) Fail
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Fail_Reclose_PI_mod_2500mm2_566mv2.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG4A v:FLAG4B v:FLAG4C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0[s]
-700
-525
-350
-175
0
175
350
525
700
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 400 kV 10km Cable/90km Overhead Line (N-2) Flagford-Louth Out/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Fail_Reclose_PI_mod_2500mm2_566mv2.pl4; x-var t) v:FLAG4A v:FLAG4B v:FLAG4C 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0[s]
-700
-525
-350
-175
0
175
350
525
700
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 400 kV 10km Cable/90km Overhead Line (N-2) Flagford-Louth Out/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 15 OF 16 17/12/2014
Figure 16: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – North Mayo (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Line Out/With Reactors (0-4s)
Figure 17: SVB - 90km OHL/10km UGC – North Mayo (400kV) – (N-2) Cashla-Flagford/Flagford-Louth Line Out/With Reactors (0-1s)
Condition Maximum Value Limit Result
Switching 754.72 kV (2.3108 pu) 816.49 kV (2.5 pu) Pass
Temporary Overvoltage 603.25 kV (1.847 pu) 522.55 kV (1.6 pu) Fail
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Fail_Reclose_PI_mod_2500mm2_566mv2.pl4; x-var t) v:X0270A v:X0270B v:X0270C 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0[s]
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 400 kV 10km Cable/90km Overhead Line (N-2) Flagford-Louth Out/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
(file TD_10km_400kV_Cable_SVB_ASCC_Cashla_Louth_Off_Fail_Reclose_PI_mod_2500mm2_566mv2.pl4; x-var t) v:X0270A v:X0270B v:X0270C 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0[s]
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
[kV]
Summer Valley B - 400 kV 10 km Cable/90 km Overhead Line (N-2) Flagford-Louth Out/Autoreclose Cashla-Flagford
10344 – PSP019 CABLE STUDIES FOR GRID WEST
London Power Associates Ltd. PAGE 16 OF 16 17/12/2014
It should be noted that these tests were performed without the North Mayo wind farm cables being included. Should these cables be added to the case it would increase the capacitance in the area and further increase TOVs. Additionally, these tests were not performed under the worst case network scenario – an N-2 with Flagford – Louth 220 kV line on outage and an autoreclose onto a permanent fault on Cashla – Flagford 220 kV line. If this test was performed the Switching OverVoltages and TOVs would be exacerbated further.