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Food Traceability through GS1 Standards
By
Sudeshna Das
India
sm/cii/foodsaftysummit/delhi/121012
©2013 GS1 India 2
GS1 is a neutral, not-for-profit Standards
organisation that facilitates collaboration
amongst trading partners to create
efficient, safe & secure global Supply
Chains through use of international
standards.
GS1- The Global Language of Business
114
Member Organisations
1,500,000+
Subscriber Companies
150+
Countries Served
©2013 GS1 India 3
GS1 India
A standards body set by the Ministry of Commerce
and Industry, with founder members comprising:
• Ministry of Commerce
• CII
• FICCI
• ASSOCHAM
• FIEO
• Spices Board
• BIS
• IMC
• IIP
• APEDA
Affiliated to GS1, Brussels, Belgium along with 114
GS1 organisations worldwide.
890 indicates India as
country of origin
8 9 0 1 0 1 6 0 0 0 5 0 8
Joint Government –
Industry initiativee
©2013 GS1 India 4
• We are living in a world of global markets - no
borders between sectors, countries and continents
• With increased globalisation, comes an increased
complexity of business processes
• Harder to control the supply chain - more complex
and sometimes it is spread all over the world with
varieties of suppliers, products and clients
• Large scale production - new technologies have
been added to products and process increasing
their complexity
Issues
Various
Business
Needs
Regulations
And
initiatives
Complexity
Global Market
Various
technologies
Need for Food Traceability
• „New‟ challenges - bio-terrorism or counterfeiting that requires new and integrated responses
• Product reliability becomes a differential competetitive
• Consumer safety and risk reduction
Traceability - a food safety risk management tool
©2013 GS1 India 5 5
Many actors in many countries!
Source: Gemini 03/06
The more there are
partners in the supply
chain the more business
processes and
information systems
are complex
Global food supply chain – An example !
©2013 GS1 India 6
How Traceability can help?
• Ensure Cponsumer safety
• Fight counterfeit
• Help to comply with Regulatory/ Commercial requirements
• Ensure Recall readiness
• Protect brand reputation
• Enhance Logistics efficiency
• Support marketing strategies
©2013 GS1 India 7
What is Traceability?
Traceability is the “ability of a system to track the movement of food products and to record
information about related attributes from Farm to Fork or trace back the same from Fork to Farm .
©2013 GS1 India 8 8
Internal Traceability
Movement Transformation Storage
Destruction
©2013 GS1 India 9 9
External Traceability
Movement Transformation Storage
Destruction
External traceability takes place when a traceable item is physically handed over from one traceability partner to another.
©2013 GS1 India 10
Traceability consideration : Interdependency
Reliable data Fast access to data
Big data analytics
Automation
©2013 GS1 India 11
Traceability requirement : Interoperability
• Unambiguous identification of traceable items across supply chain
• Automatic Data capture and share at any point of Supply Chain
©2005 GS1 12 12
1. Regulation: Are the rules, procedure, administrative codes etc. set by authorities or governmental agencies. The regulations are obligatory.
2. Standards: Are programs, methodologies or mechanisms that allow to order and standardize the company‟s processes or activities, are voluntary and allow to fulfill customers requirements.
3. Commercial Requirements: Are exigencies of customers who guard by their own interests, beyond the fulfillment of the regulations or the implementation of standards. Are voluntary but they become obligatory at the time of negotiation.
Operational Context for Traceability
Regulation, Standards and Commercial Requirements
Surveillance
Prevention & Control
©2005 GS1 13
How GS1 can help
©2005 GS1 14
GS1 Standards – enabling traceability
©2005 GS1 15
Identify - unique and universal identifiers
Companies • Global Location Number (GLN)
Product • Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)
• Serialized Global Trade Item
Number (SGTIN)
Logistics Unit • Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC)
• Global Shipment Identification Number
(GSIN)
• Global Identification Number for
Consignment (GINC)
Location • Global Location Number (GLN)
Assets • Global Individual Asset Identifier
(GIAI)
• Global Returnable Asset Identifier
(GRAI)
Services • Global Service Relation Number
(GSRN)
Documents • Global Document Type Identifier
(GDTI)
Pharmacy
©2005 GS1 16
Identifying items using GS1 standards
Shipment At a unique (serialized) level of identification, Global Shipment Identification
Number (GSIN) shall be used.
Logistic unit The Serial Shipment Container Code (SSCC) shall be used.
Trade item
Not crossing the point of sale (POS)
At a generic level of identification, GTIN for Grouping of Trade Items
shall be used.
At the specific (batch) level of identification, GTIN + Batch/Lot shall be used.
At the unique (serialized) level of identification, GTIN + Serial number
(SGTIN) shall be used
Trade item
crossing the POS
At a generic level of identification, GTIN for Consumer Unit shall be used.
At a specific (batch) level of identification, GTIN + Batch/Lot shall be used.
At a unique (serialized) level of identification, GTIN + Serial number
(SGTIN) shall be used.
©2005 GS1 17
Capture – Barcoding/RFID
Through scanning of barcodes and RFID tags encoding GS1 identifiers with product information
©2005 GS1 18
Share – master/transactional/event data
Physical movement of goods throughout the supply chain
Business data shared between trading partners
• Master data: technical information about a product, such as weight and size of the
product, case, pallet – synchronised with GS1 GDSN
• Transaction data: such as order, dispatch advice, invoice - exchanged automatically with
GS1 eCom
• Physical event data: information about the movement of a trade item or logistical unit –
through GS1 EPCIS
©2005 GS1 19
Product data share– through GDSN
Real-time sharing of accurate product data amongst trading partners
• An automated, standards-based product data synchronisation
network facilitating data exchange between trading partners
• Allows all partners to have consistent item master data in their
systems, used in several critical business processes connected
with ordering, invoicing, payment, dispatch , receipts and storage
operations
©2005 GS1 20
•Rapid, efficient and accurate electronic transmission of agreed
business data between trading partners all along the supply chain
•Users are not required to align the format and structure of the
messages as they can use the readily-available standard format.
•Based on globally recognised GS1 Identification Keys (GTIN, GLN,
SSCC etc.), allowing a direct link between physical flow of goods
and related information throughout the entire Supply Chain.
•GS1 eCom: Two complementary standards
- GS1 EANCOM®
- GS1 XML
Transactional data share - through GS1 eCom
Global standards for electronic business messaging ( EDI)
Real-time, error-free electronic data exchange for order to cash processes
©2005 GS1 21
GS1 EPC Information Service (GS1 EPCIS)
• Helps organisations share data about the location of
products or assets within their company and across
multiple stakeholders
• Provides end-to-end supply chain visibility by answering
questions such as What product was Where, When it was
there and Why it was there (physical events data)
• A service that works with barcodes and EPC/RFID, in
supplement to existing enterprise systems
Global standard for sharing physical event data Real-time information on the movements of products in the supply chain
©2005 GS1 22
EPCIS in action
Retailers in Hong Kong and Italy achieved visibility in fine wines from vineyards to the stores with GS1 EPCIS
• Hong Kong fine wine and spirits retailer collaborated
with 3 key Italian vineyards
• GS1 EPCIS based traceability system (ezTRACKTM)
emnable track and trace of shipments from vineyards
to the store
• Quality ensured - EPC/RFID tags with sensors
monitoring temperature during transport
• Over 99% accurate inventory through real-time
monitoring of stock
©2005 GS1 23
GS1 Global Traceability Standards
©2005 GS1 24
• Defines a traceability process independently from the choice of enabling technologies
• Defines minimum traceability system requirements for companies of all sizes across industry sectors
• Details the corresponding GS1 standards used within information management tools
• Meets the core legislative and business need to cost-efficiently trace back (one step down) and track forward (one step up) at any point along the entire length of the supply chain
• Describes the creation of accurate records of transactions
• Provides for fast data communication about the traceable item between trading partners
Global Traceability Standards (GTS)
Created by user group comprising of 73 industry experts from 20 countries
©2005 GS1 25
GS1 implementation support
©2005 GS1 26
Traceability implementation in APEDA using GS1 standards – GrapeNet project
• GrapeNet is an internet based traceability software system, for
monitoring fresh grapes exported to the European Union from
India up to the farm level
• GrapeNet has put in place an end-to-end system for monitoring
pesticide residue, achieve product standardization and facilitate
tracing back from retail shelves to the farm of the Indian grower,
through the various stages of sampling, testing, certification and
packing
©2005 GS1 27
Traceability implementation at APEDA
©2005 GS1 28
Traceability implementation at APEDA
Benefits realized ( Data Source : A 2007 report)
• GrapeNet increased self confidence of farmers
• Introduced culture for food quality and safety
• Farmers earned 40% more value
• Benefits went to 40,000 farmers and 115 exporters
• FOB realization rose from 8 Euro to 11.5 Euro per carton of 3 kg in 2005-2006.
• European Union recognized the efficiency and accuracy of Indian laboratories
• APEDA received National Award for GrapeNet implementation. Now under
extension to other product categories (groundnut, pomegranate, organic foods)
©2005 GS1 29
©2013 GS1 India 30
Connection between traceability and recall
Traceability system provides:
• Complete visibility of location of food products/consignments in Supply Chain
• Unique identification of each player in Supply Chain (raw materials, supplier to finished
products manufacturers, to intermediate distribution chain partners to retailer)
• Unique identification of products/consignments and quantity held in Supply Chain and by
whom
“Accurate, timely and fast recalls can only be effected if traceability systems which
provide accurate product identification, partner identification and location of products/
consignments at all times are in place”
Recall is a use case of traceability
©2005 GS1 31
©2013 GS1 India 32
GS1’s recall / withdrawal notification process
Initiator (sponsor)
Initiator Approver
Govt.
B2B Receivers
Retailer
Broker
Food Service
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
G2G
©2013 GS1 India 33 33
Grower
Carrier/ Importer Auction/ Packer/
Importer Carrier Distribution
Centre (Retailer) Hypermarket Carrier
…
1. Communication downstream of SSCC,GTIN, lot
number, etc
2. Source of the
problem is known …
3. Communication upstream of SSCC,GTIN and lot number, in order to
withdraw the problem goods from the stores, DC’s, … .
Recall/ Withdrawal Process
©2005 GS1 34
Global engagements
• Anti-Counterfeit stds (ISO/TC 246)
• Product Recall stds (ISO/TC 240)
• Product Safety stds (ISO/TC 243)
• WCO IPM tools
• GS1 visibility framework and identification standards
• Product safety portal for consumers, Industry and regulators
• Supply Chain visibility
• For traceability and recall
• G2G recall portal and counterfeit detection
©2005 GS1 35
GS1 –OECD partnership
©2005 GS1 36
Compatibility with ISO standards
©2013 GS1 India 37
Global developments related to food safety
− ITDS (International Trade Data System), U.S. uses GS1 standards for Risk management
and assessment capability for inbound shipments.
− The International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN), global network managed
by FAO/WHO use GS1 Standards to share information. Helps both Regulators and
Industry to execute effective recall of contaminated food internationally.
©2005 GS1 38
Existing traceability systems in India
Limitations
• Restricted to downstream only
• Prevalence of largely manual, internal traceability systems inhibiting effective recalls
• Closed traceability information networks restricting seamless communication across
stakeholders
• Incompatible track & trace solutions, lacking interoperability across Supply Chains
• Traceability systems lack audit functionality to inspire consumer trust
• Data captured in unstructured, non-uniform and proprietary manner preventing
seamless information exchange
Need for a uniform, robust traceability system for the food supply chains in India which can
ensure consumer safety and facilitate compliance with varied global/domestic regulatory and
buyer requirements.
©2013 GS1 India 39
Next Generation Strategy: “Value Traceability”
Supply Chain optimization Compliance
Branding &
Marketing
Risk reduction
Reduce Risk
Asset Opt.
Increase rev.
Lower costs
Delivering….
Carbon Ftp.
Optimization
Traceability
Differentiation
Compliance Traceability
While compliance and risk reduction aspects can be critical, they do not encourage investments beyond the required minimum
FOCUS: stay in business
FOCUS: increase value
Value Traceability
Thank you www.gs1india.org
India