ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld; c · ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld; 7 c s;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l

ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;>

gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;

7cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gl;l

mgptpUj;jpfspd; Nehf;fpy; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ 2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; ehzaf; nfhs;ifia elhj;Jtjpy; xU

Kd;ndr;rhpf;ifAldhd mZFKiwapidg; gpd;gw;wpaJ. gztPf;fk; kw;Wk; gztPf;fj; Njhw;wg;ghl;bd; rhjfkhd mgptpUj;jpfspidAk; cz;ikg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; ruhrhpiatplj; jho;e;j nrayhw;wj;jpidAk; fhpridapy; nfhz;L kj;jpa tq;fp 2015 ,Wjpapy; njhlq;fpa ehzaf; nfhs;if ,Wf;fkhf;Fjypid KbTf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;F 2018 Vg;gpwypy; rkpf;iQ toq;fpaJ. ,jd;gb> kj;jpa tq;fp Jizepy; fld; toq;fy; trjp tPjj;jpid 25 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspdhy; 8.50 rjtPjj;jpw;Ff; Fiwj;j mNjNtisapy; Jizepy; itg;G trjp tPjj;jpid khw;wkpd;wp 7.25 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Ngzp mjd;%yk; nfhs;if tl;btPj tPr;rpd; gug;gpid 150 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspypUe;J 125 mbg;gilg;Gs;spfspw;F FWf;fkilar; nra;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> nghUshjhuj;jpd; ntspehl;Lj; Jiwapd; ];jpuj;jd;ikia ghjpg;gilar; nra;j cyf mgptpUj;jpfspd; jhf;fj;jpidf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L kj;jpa tq;fpahdJ njhlh;e;J te;j fhyg;gFjpapy; xU eLepiyahd ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bidg; Ngzpf; nfhz;lJ. cs;ehl;by; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfspd; tpiyfs; kw;Wk; Vida epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpiyfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa jpUj;jj;jpdhy; gztPf;fj;jpNyw;gl;l jw;fhypf cah;tpw;F khwhf 2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; ,yf;fplg;gl;l tPr;rhd 4-6 rjtPjj;jpDs; ngUkstpy; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jJld; Njrpa Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; njhlh;e;Jk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhftpUe;jJ. ,NjNtisapy;> nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh; tpiyr;Rl;nlz; kw;Wk; Njrpa Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz; ,uz;bidAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ikag; gztPf;fj;jpdhy; mstplg;gl;lthwhd Nfs;tpj; J}z;ly; gztPf;fKk; jho;e;jjhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. Ma;Tf;Fhpa fhyj;jpd; ngUksthd fhyg;gFjpapy; cs;ehl;L gzr; re;ijapd; jputj;jd;ik ngUkstpy; kpifahfj; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jhapDk; Fwpg;ghf 2018 A+d;> a+iy kw;Wk; nrj;njk;ghpy; jputj;jd;ik gw;whf;Fiw kl;lq;fSf;Fj; jpUk;gpaJ. 2018 Vg;gpwypd; nfhs;if tl;bapd; Fiwg;gpw;Fk; Nkk;gl;l re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik epiyg;ghLfspw;Fk; FWq;fhy tl;b tPjq;fs; gjpypWj;jnjdpDk; ntspehl;L nryhtzpr; re;ij mOj;jq;fisf; nfhz;l fhyq;fspy; nfhs;if tl;b tPj tPr;rpd; Nky; vy;iyia Nehf;fpa rpy Nky;Nehf;fpa mirTfs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ld. mur gpizaq;fspd; tpisTfs; fyg;ghd mirTfisf; fhl;ba mNjNtisapy; ngUk;ghyhd Vida re;ij tl;b tPjq;fs; ngausT kw;Wk; cz;ik epajpfs; ,uz;bYk; xg;gPl;lstpy; cah;e;j kl;lq;fspy; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jd. fle;j fhyj;jpy; Ngzg;gl;L te;j ,Wf;fkhd ehzaf;nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bw;F gjpypWj;jp jdpahh; Jiwf; nfhLfld; tsh;r;rpapd; gbg;gbahd Fiwtiljypdhy; ngUkstpy; ce;jg;gl;L tphpe;j gz epuk;gypd; tsh;r;rp njhlh;e;Jk; kpjkile;jJ. tq;fpj;njhopy;JiwaplkpUe;J murpdhy; ngwg;gl;l nfhLfld; xU nkJthd Ntfj;jpy; mjpfhpj;j mNjNtisapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspdhy; mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; tphptile;jJ. Kd;Ndhf;fp Nehf;Fifapy;> rhj;jpakhd FWq;fhy tpiy mOj;jq;fSf;F khwhf eLj;ju fhyj;jpy; gztPf;fj; Njhw;wg;ghL njhlh;e;Jk; mD$ykhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 2020 Mk; Mz;lstpy; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;iktha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypw;F epiykhWjy; njhlh;gpy; fzprkhd Kd;Ndw;wj;jpid Mz;L fhyj;jpy; kj;jpa tq;fp va;jpAs;sJ.

7

102

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs;: 2018,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2019,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;

Muk;gpj;jJ. ehzaf; nfhs;ifj; jPh;khdnkLj;jy;

kw;Wk; nfhs;if cUthf;fr; nrad;Kiwapid

xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kj;jpa tq;fp mjd;

epWtdj;jpw;Fs;Nsahd khjphpAUtikj;jy; kw;Wk;

vjph;T$wy; ,aysT kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;gpid

gd;dhl;L ehza epjpaj;jpd; njhopy;El;g

cjtpAld; njhlh;e;Jk; Nkk;gLj;jpaJ.

y cs;ehl;by; ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk;

Vida epUtfpf;fg;gl;l tpiyfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa

jpUj;jj;jpd; fhuzkhd tpiyfspd; jw;fhypf

cah;tpw;F khwhf Efh;Nthh; tpiyg; gztPf;fk;

2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJkhj fhyg;gFjpapy;

tpUk;gg;gl;l tPr;rpDs; njhlh;e;JkpUe;jJ. Njrpa

Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz (Nj.E.tp.R>

2013®100) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Mz;Lf;F

Mz;L Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; 2017 jpnrk;ghpy; 7.3

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Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Njrpa

Efh;Nthh; tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; epUtfpf;fg;gl;l

tpiyfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa jpUj;jq;fspd; Kf;fpa

tpisthf 2018 a+iyapy; Mz;Lf;F Mz;L

mbg;gilapy; 3.4 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;jNghjpYk;>

2018 nrj;njk;ghpy; jsk;gyilAk; czT

tpiyfspd; tPo;r;rpapd; tpisthf Mz;Lf;F Mz;L

mbg;gilapy; 0.9 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.

Mz;Lr;ruhrhp mbg;gilapy;> Njrpa Efh;Nthh;

tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

Kjd;ikg; gztPf;fk; 2017 ,Wjpapy; gjpT

nra;ag;gl;l 7.7 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018

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thdpiyAld; njhlh;Ggl;l Fog;gq;fs; ,y;yhJ

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mgptpUj;jpfspd; tpisthf Fiwtile;J

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tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> cs;ehl;by; ngw;Nwhypa

cw;gj;jpfspd; Nky;Nehf;fpa jpUj;jq;fs; kw;Wk;

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gztPf;fk; 2018 Xfj;jpy; 5.9 rjtPjj;jpid

miltjw;F cah;tiltjw;F gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jd.

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghL

y eLj;jufhyj;jpy; eL xw;iw ,yf;fq;fspy;

gztPf;fj;jpid epiyg;gLj;jp mjd; %yk;

,yq;ifg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; epiyj;J epw;Fk;

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nefpo;r;rpj; jd;iktha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fply;

Nehf;fpa mirtpd; xU Kf;fpa gbKiwahf>

2015,y; xU Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l ehzaf; nfhs;iff;

fl;likg;gpidg; gpd;gw;wpaJld; kj;jpa tq;fp

gbg;gbahf ehzaf; $l;Lf;fis mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;l ehzaf; fl;likg;gpypUe;J tpyfpaJ. ,e;j

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epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjk; njhopw;gLk;

Ntisapy; ehzaf; nfhs;ifia elhj;Jtjpy;

xU Kf;fpa Fwpfhl;b ,ilepiy khwpahf tphpe;j

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re;ijia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ehzaf;

nfhs;iff; fUtpfs;> Fwpg;ghf nfhs;if tl;b

tPjq;fSk; jpwe;j re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfSk;>

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpid

topelhj;Jtjw;fhd Kf;fpa ehzaf; nfhs;if

fUtpfshf njhlh;e;JkpUe;J tUfpd;wd.

Mz;Lfhyg;gFjpapy; kj;jpa tq;fp ehzaf;

nfhs;if elhj;Jjiy NkYk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

gy;NtW topKiwfis njhlh;e;Jk; Nkw;nfhz;l

Ntisapy; 2020 Mk; Mz;lstpy; nefpo;r;rpj;

jd;ik tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; R%fkhd

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rPh;jpUj;jq;fis cs;sfg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lJ.

tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nefpo;r;rpj; jd;iktha;e;j

gztPf;f ,yf;fplypd; Kf;fpa mk;rq;fshd

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nghWg;G$Wk; jd;ik kw;Wk; ek;gfj;jd;ikia

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kj;jpa tq;fp tYthd

gzpg;ghiziaf; nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhd

Njitapid mq;fPfhpj;jJ. —2018 ,w;Fk; mjw;F

mg;ghYf;Fkhd ehza kw;Wk; epjpapay; Jiwf;

nfhs;iffs;˜ (topfhl;ly; 2018) ,y; Nfhbl;Lf;

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7

103

ehzaf; nfhs;if> tl;b tPjq;fs;> gzk; kw;Wk; nfhLfld;

,yFtile;j czTg; gztPf;fj;jpndhU

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mbg;gilapy; nkJtile;J> nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh;

tpiyr; Rl;nlz;iz mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

Mz;Lr; ruhrhpg; gztPf;fk; 2017 ,Wjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 6.6 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018

nrj;njk;ghpy; 5.4 rjtPjkhftpUe;jJ. nghUj;jkhd

nfhs;ifj; jpUj;jq;fSld; eLj;jufhyj;jpy;

gztPf;fk; 4-6 rjtPj ,yf;fplg;gl;l tPr;rpDs;

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y gztPf;fj;jpd; Nfs;tpapdhy; J}z;lg;gl;l

$wpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w ikag; gztPf;fk;

2018,d; ,Jtiuapy; Fiwthdjhff; fhzg;gl;L

nghUshjhuj;jpy; mbg;gilapYs;s Nfs;tp

mOj;jq;fs; kpff; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhftpUg;gjid

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kpjkiljypw;F fhuzkhfpd. ,jd;gb> Njrpa


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Ntisapy; Mz;Lr; ruhrhp mbg;gilapy; Njrpa


nfhz;l ikag; gztPf;fk; 2017 ,Wjpapy;

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rjtPjj;jpw;F kpjkile;jJ. nfhOk;G Efh;Nthh;

tpiyr; Rl;nlz;zpid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l

Mz;Lf;F Mz;L ikag; gztPf;fk; 2017

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3.8 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;j mNjNtisapy;

Mz;Lr; ruhrhp ikag; gztPf;fk; 2017

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tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

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Fwpg;ghf cs;ehl;L ngw;Nwhypa tpiyfs;

kw;Wk; &ghtpd; Nja;khdk; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;

ce;jg;gl;L 2018,d; %d;whk; fhyg;gFjpapy; rpy

mjpfhpg;Gf;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghjpYk; Mz;bd;

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fhyj;jpy; fyg;ghd mirTfis Fwpj;J epd;wd.

y cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; cyfg; nghUshjhuj;jpd;

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eyk; njhlh;G+l;ly;

fy;tp gy;tifg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs;

czT kw;Wk; mw;fNfhyw;w Fbghdq;fs;

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jsghlq;fs;> tPl;L cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Ngzy;

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7

104


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Jiwapd; Nghf;Ffspd; rhjfkhd mgptpUj;jpfs;

nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpapd; ke;jkhd nrayhw;wj;Jld;

$ba #oypy; kj;jpa tq;fpapid ehzaf;

nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bid jsh;j;Jtjw;Fj;

J}z;baJ. ,jd;gb> 2018 Vg;gpwypy; kj;jpa

tq;fp Jizepy; fld; toq;fy; trjp tPjj;jpid

25 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfspdhy; 8.50 rjtPjj;jpw;F

Fiwj;j mNjNtisapy; Jizepy; itg;G trjp

tPjj;jpid khw;wkpd;wp 7.25 rjtPjj;jpy; Ngzp

mjd; %yk; nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpid 150 mbg;gilg;

Gs;spfspypUe;J 125 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfSf;F

FWf;fkilar; nra;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; cyfg;

nghUshjhu epiyg;ghLfSk; ntspehl;L nryhtzp

tPjk; kPjhd mOj;jKk; 2018 Vg;gpwypUe;J xU

eLepiyahd ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bidg;

gpd;gw;Wtjw;Fk; nfhs;if tl;btPj tPr;rpDs;

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpid

Nky;Nehf;fp jpUj;Jtjw;Fk; kj;jpa tq;fpapidf;

fl;lhag;gLj;jpd.

y nghUshjhu Kfth;fspd; tpidj;jpwdhd

jPh;khdnkhd;Wf;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhf kj;jpa

tq;fpapd; ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghL kw;Wk;

eLj;ju fhyj;jpy; Nguz;lg; nghUshjhug; Nghf;F

Nghd;wit gw;wpa xU njspthd Ghpe;Jzh;tpid

mjd; Kf;fpa Mh;tyh;fSf;F toq;Fk; Nehf;fpy;

kj;jpa tq;fp njhlh;g+l;lypid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

gy;NtW Kd;ndLg;Gf;fspidg; gpd;gw;wpaJ.

nghUshjhuj; Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; gpd;gw;wg;glTs;s

nfhs;iffs; njhlh;gpy; xU gue;j topfhl;lypid

toq;Ffpd;w kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Kf;fpa njhlh;g+l;ly;

fUtpahfr; nrayhw;Wfpd;w topfhl;ly; Mz;bd;

njhlf;fj;jpy; gpuRhpf;fg;gl;lJ. topfhl;lYld;

ehzaf; nfhs;if mwptpj;jy;fSf;fhd

xU Kd;$l;bNa gpuRhpf;fg;gl;l ehl;fhl;bAk;

nghJkf;fspw;F fpilf;fj;jf;fjhftpUe;jJ.

Nguz;lg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; gpd;dzp kw;Wk;

mj;jifa nfhs;if jPh;khdq;fspw;fhd cs;shh;e;j

fhuzk; Nghd;wtw;wpidf; Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;b

Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; Kd;Ndhf;fpaJkhd ehzaf;

nfhs;if kPsha;T kPjhd gj;jphpif ntspaPl;bD}lhf

ehzaf; nfhs;if mwptpj;jy;fs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; kj;jpa tq;fp MSeuhYk;

Vida rpNu~;l mYtyh;fshYk; jiyik

jhq;fg;gl;l gj;jphpif khehL mjidg;

gpd;njhlh;e;jJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Kf;fpa Nguz;lg;

nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfspd; ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; nfhs;if topKiwfis gj;jphpif

ntspaPLfs;> jfty; Fwpg;Gf;fs;> gpuRuq;fs;>

nra;jpj;jpul;L kw;Wk; Vida njhlh;g+l;lY}lhf

fpukkhd mbg;gilapy; midj;J %d;W

nkhopfspYk; kj;jpa tq;fp gpuRhpj;jJld; Nguz;lg;

nghUshjhu juTfs; mjd; ,izaj;jsj;jpy;

fpilf;fj;jf;fjhftpUe;jJ. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;

2020Mk; Mz;lstpy; nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ik

tha;e;j gztPf;f ,yf;fplypid gpd;gw;Wtjw;fhf

cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;sik njhlh;ghf

mwpTGfl;Ltjw;fhf Clftpayhsh;fSf;fhd

tpNrl mkh;TfisAk; kj;jpa tq;fp elhj;jpaJ.

tl;b tPj mirTfs;

re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik> re;ijj; njhopw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;

FWq;fhy tl;b tPjq;fs;

y ehzaf; nfhs;if epiyg;ghl;bw;fikthf XhpuT

tl;b tPjq;fis topelj;Jtjw;fhf cs;ehl;L

gzr; re;ijapy; NghjpasT jputj;jd;ikapd;

10

8

6

4

tiuglk; 7.3

Jizepy; tPj tPr;Rk; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

miog;Gg; gztPjKk;

rd

-18

rd

-15

rd

-16

rd

-17

nrj;-1

5

nrj;-1

6

nrj;-1

8

nrj;-1

7

ent

-15

ent

-16

ent

-17

khh;-1

8

khh;-1

5

khh;-1

6

khh;-1

7

Nk

-18

Nk

-15

Nk

-16

Nk

-17

A+iy

-18

A+iy

-15

A+iy

-16

A+iy

-17

Jizepy; tPj tPr;R

rpwg;G Jizepy; itg;G

trjp tPjk;

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

miog;Gg; gztPjk;

%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

rjtPjk;

7

105


fpilg;gdit cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf nghUj;jkhd

tifapyhd jpwe;j re;ij eltbf;iffis

kj;jpa tq;fp Nkw;nfhz;lJ. kj;jpa tq;fp

Nkw;nfhz;l cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp

re;ijapypUe;J ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd;

nfhs;tdT kw;Wk; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fSf;fhd

xg;GWjpapd; fhuzj;jpdhy; Mz;bd; Kjy; Ie;J

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ruhrhpahf &. 20 gpy;ypad;

kpifahf re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik fhzg;gl;lJ. ,e;j

fhyg;gFjpapy;> jFe;j tifapy; jputj;jd;ikia

Kfhikj;JtQ;nra;tjw;fhf kj;jpa tq;fp XhpuT>

FWq;fhy kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy kPs;nfhs;tdT

eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. gpujhdkhf

kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd;

chpa fhyj;jpw;F Kd;duhd ,isg;ghwy; kw;Wk;

cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp re;ijapy;

ntspehl;L nryhtzpapd; tpw;gid vd;gtw;wpdhy;

a+d; Kjy; A+iy eLg;gFjpapy; cs;ehl;Lg; gzr;

re;ijapy; &gha;j; jputj;jd;ik Xh; gw;whf;Fiwia

gjpTnra;jJ. cs;ehl;Lg; gzr; re;ijapy; 2018

a+iy eLg;gFjpapy; jputj;jd;ikapy; Xh; jw;fhypf

mjpfhpg;G fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk; 2018 nrj;njk;ghpd;

gpd;duhd gFjpapy; re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik

kPz;Lk; vjph;f;fzpa kl;lq;fspw;F jpUk;gpaJ.

,J gpujhdkhf muRldhd Kd;Ndhf;fpa

nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fspd; Gwkhw;wy;fs;> ntspehl;Lr;

nryhtzpapd; gu];gu ghpkhw;wy;fspd; Kjph;r;rp

kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jpiwNrwp cz;bay;

,Ug;gpd; Kjph;r;rpfspd; tpisthFk;. XhpuT re;ijj;

jputj;jd;ik 2018 nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; &.57.7

gpy;ypad; gw;whf;Fiwahff; fhzg;gl;lJ. ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjk; nfhs;if tPj

tPr;rpd; Nky; vy;iyapd; mUfhikapy; mz;kpf;f

kj;jpa tq;fp mDkjpj;j mNjNtisapy; re;ij

gq;Nfw;ghsh;fspd; Njitfisg; g+h;j;jpnra;tjw;fhf

XhpuT> FWq;fhy kw;Wk; ePz;lfhy Neh;khw;W

kPs;nfhs;tdT nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; mur

gpizaq;fspd; cldb nfhs;tdTfs; %yk;

jputj;jd;ikia toq;fpaJ.

y re;ijj; jputj;jd;ik epiyikfspd;

khw;wq;fSf;fika XhpuT tl;b tPjq;fs; fyg;ghd

mirTfis fhz;gpj;jd. gpbj;Jitj;jy; thp

rPuhf;fq;fspd; tpisTfs; njhlh;ghd th;j;jf

tq;fpfspd; jtwhd tpsf;fk; fhuzkhf

khr;R ,Wjpapy; Xh; jw;fhypf mjpfhpg;G ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpy;

fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk; 2018,d; Kjy; %d;W

khj fhyg;gFjpapy;; ,J nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpd;

eLg;gFjpapw;fz;ikapNyNa ngUkstpy;

fhzg;gl;lJ. ,Ug;gpDk;> 2018 Vg;gpwypd; Kd;ida

gFjpapy; Jizepy; fld;toq;fy; trjp tPjj;jpd;

tPo;r;rpAld; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gz

tPjk; tPo;r;rpaile;J 2018 Nk ,Wjp tiu nfhs;if

tPj tPr;rpd; eLg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. cs;ehl;L

gzr; re;ijapy; 2018 a+d; Kd;ida gFjp Kjy;

fhzg;gl;l gw;whf;Fiwahd jputj;jd;ikAld;>

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gztPjk;

mjpfhpj;J nfhs;if tPj tPr;rpd; Nky;

vy;iyf;fz;ikapy; fhzg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;> 2018

a+iy eLg;gFjp Kjy; jputj;jd;ik epiyikfs;

kpiff;F Nkk;gl;ljdhy; kPz;Lk; 2018 Xfj;J Kjy;

nrj;njk;gh; eLg;gFjpahd fhyg;gFjpapy; ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg; gztPjk; nfhs;if tPj

tPr;rpd; eLg;gFjpia Nehf;fp fPo;Nehf;fp efh;e;jJ.

,Ug;gpDk; 2018 nrj;njk;ghpd; %d;whk; fpoik Kjy;

gw;whf;Fiwahd jputj;jd;ik epiyikfSf;F

gjpypWj;Jk;tifapy;> ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

miog;Gg; gz tPjk; Nky;Nehf;fp rPuhfpaJld; 2018

nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 8.40 rjtPjj;ij va;jpaJ.

NkYk;> ehshe;j jpwe;j re;ij eltbf;if

Vyq;fspd; epiwNaw;wg;gl;l ruhrhp tpisTfs;

kw;Wk; XhpuT ,yq;if tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd

toq;fy; tPjk; vd;gd 2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

miog;Gg; gz tPjj;jpd; mirTfSf;F

xj;jpirthf efh;e;jd. XhpuT kw;Wk; 12 khj

400350300250200150

10050

0

-100-50

-150

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

tiuglk; 7.4

cs;ehl;Lg; gzr;re;ijapd; &gha;j;jputj;jd;ik kw;Wk;

jputj;jd;ik Kfhikj;Jtk;

XupuT Neh;khw;W

kPs;nfhs;tdT Vyq;fs;

XupuT kPs;nfhs;tdT

Vyq;fs;

ePz;lfhy Vyq;fs; Jizepy; trjp FWq;fhy Vyq;fs;

ruhrup epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

miog;Gg; gztPjk;

(tyJ mr;R)

&. gpy;ypad;

rjtPjk;

A+d; - 1

5

A+d; - 1

6

A+d; - 1

7

A+d; - 1

8

nrj; - 1

5

nrj; - 1

6

nrj; - 1

7

nrj; - 1

8

jpnr

- 14

khh; - 1

5

khh; - 1

6

khh; - 1

7

khh; - 1

8

jpnr

- 15

jpnr

- 16

jpnr

- 17


7

106


,yq;if tq;fpfSf;fpilapyhd toq;fy; tPjk;

2017 ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l KiwNa 8.15 rjtPjk;

kw;Wk; 12.18 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018

nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy;> KiwNa 8.35 rjtPjk;

kw;Wk; 11.50 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;ld.

mur gpizaq;fs; kPjhd tpisTfs;

y re;ij kNdhghtq;fs;> murpw;fhd

epjpj;Njitg;ghLfs; kw;Wk; ntspehl;L

epjpaPl;lq;fspd; fpilg;gdT vd;gtw;wpyhd

khw;wq;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; 2018,d; Kjy;

xd;gJ khjq;fspy; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijapyhd

tpisTfs; fyg;ghd mirTfis fhl;bapUe;jd.

ntspehl;L epjpaply;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd

jhkjj;jd;ikAld; ,ize;J murpw;fhd mjpfhpj;j

epjpj;Njitg;ghl;bid ntspg;gLj;Jk; tifapy;

Kjyhe;ju re;ijapyhd jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;

kPjhd tpisTfs; 2018,d; Kjy; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd Nky;Nehf;fpa mirTfis

fhl;bapUe;jd. mjd;gpd;dh; tpisTfspy; rpy

cWjpj;jd;ik mtjhdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdpDk;

cyfshtpa epjpapay; re;ij epiyikfspy;

,Wf;fj;jd;ik fhzg;gl;likf;F kj;jpapy;

ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsh;fshy; mur gpizaq;fs;

kPJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l KjyPl;bd; kPs;ngWiffspd;

gFjpasthd fhuzj;jhy; mur gpizaq;fs;

kPjhd tpisTfspy; Nky;Nehf;fpa mOj;jnkhd;iw

2018 Nk khjj;jpy; mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ.

Kjyhe;ju Vyq;fspyhd tl;btPjq;fspy; xU

tPo;r;rp mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lijg; Nghd;W Fwpg;ghf

2018 a+iy-Xfj;J khjq;fspy; tpisTfspyhd

Nky; Nehf;fpa mOj;jq;fs; ,yFgLj;jg;gl;l

NghjpYk; KjyPLfspd; ntspg;gha;r;ry;fs; kw;Wk;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ,Wf;fkhd jputj;jd;ik

epiyikfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F kj;jpapy; rhjfkw;w

re;ij kNdhghtq;fspd; fhuzj;jhy; 2018,d;

nrj;njk;gh; khjj;jpy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;

kPjhd tpisTfspy; Nky;Nehf;fpa mirnthd;W

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. 2017,d; ,WjpAld;

xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjptiuapyhd

fhyg;gFjpapy; 91-ehs;> 182-ehs; kw;Wk; 364-ehs;

nfhz;l jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd; tpisTfs;

KiwNa 87> 30 kw;Wk; 61 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;

KiwNa 8.56 rjtPjk;> 8.60 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 9.51

rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;jd.

y jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kPjhd tpisTfSk; 2018,d;

Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy; Kjyhe;ju re;ijapy;

fyg;ghd mirTfis fhl;bapUe;jd. 2018,d;

Kjy; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;

kPjhd tpisTfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Nghf;fpidj;

njhlh;e;J jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; kPjhd tpisTfSk;

mNjkhjphpahd mjpfhpj;j Nghf;nfhd;wpid

fhl;bapUe;jd. vdpDk; mjd;gpd;duhd

fhyg;gFjpapy; re;ij kNdhghtq;fSf;F

,ire;J nry;Yk; tifapy; jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;

kPjhd tpisTfspy; fyg;ghd mirnthd;W

mtjhdpf;;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. murhq;fk; 2018,d;

Kjy; xd;gJ khjfhyg;gFjpapy; FWq;fhy

kw;Wk; eLj;jufhy jpiwNrhp Kwpfspd; toq;fy;

kPJ mjpfsT jq;fpapUe;j mNjNtis

10-tUlq;fs; kw;Wk; 15-tUlq;fs; Nghd;w

ePz;lfhy Kjph;r;rpAila jpiwNrhp KwpfSk;

Mz;Lfhyg;gFjpapy; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

mNjNtis> murhq;fkhdJ ntt;NtWgl;l

epiyahd kw;Wk; khWfpd;w tPjq;fspy; If;fpa

mnkhpf;f nlhyhpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ,yq;if

mgptpUj;jp KwpfisAk; toq;fpapUe;jJ. 2018,d;

nrj;njk;ghpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gpe;jpa Vyj;jpy;

1-tUlk; kw;Wk; 8-khjq;fs;> 3-tUlq;fs; kw;Wk;

8-khjq;fs; Nghd;w Kjph;r;rpAila ,yq;if

mgptpUj;jp Kwpfs; KiwNa 5.00 rjtPjk; kw;Wk;

5.75 rjtPjk; vd;gtw;wpy; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

NkYk;> 2018 Vg;gpwypy; KiwNa 5.75 rjtPjk;

kw;Wk; 6.75 rjtPjk; Nghd;w tPjq;fspy; 5-tUlk;

kw;Wk; 10-tUlk; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L

Kwpfs; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd.

tiuglk; 7.5

Kjyhe;jur; re;ijapd; jpiwNrhp

cz;bay; tpisTfs; (m)

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5


rd

- 15

rd - 1

6

ngg; - 1

7

Vg; - 1

5

Vg; - 1

6

Nk - 1

7

ngg; - 1

8

A+iy

- 15

A+iy

- 16

Xfj; - 1

7

A+d; - 1

8

ent

- 17

nrj

;- 18

xj;- 1

5

ent

- 16

91-ehs; 182-ehs; 364-ehs;

rjtPjk;

(m) nghUj;jkhd Kjph;r;rpf; fhyq;fspy; toq;fg;glhik my;yJ

tpiyf;Nfhuy;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glhik vd;gtw;why; rpy thuq;fSf;fhd

tpisT tPjq;fs; fpilf;fg;ngwtpy;iy.

7

107


y 2017,d; ,WjpAld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d;

nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; murhq;f gpizaq;fSf;fhd

,uz;lhe;ju re;ijapd; tpisT tisap Nky;Nehf;fp

efh;e;jpUe;jJ. ,k;Nky;Nehf;fpa efh;tpw;F

,Wf;fkhd ehza epiyikfSf;F kj;jpapy;

re;ij kNdhghtq;fs; gq;fspj;jpUf;ff;$Lk;.

,uz;;lhe;ju re;ijapy; 91-ehs;> 182-ehs; kw;Wk;

364-ehs; nfhz;l jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fspd;

tpisT tPjq;fs; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l

tpisTfSld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh;

,Wjpapy; KiwNa 77 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs;>

58 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs; kw;Wk; 51 mbg;gilg;

Gs;spfs; vd;tw;why; KiwNa 8.45 rjtPjk;>

8.88 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 9.41 rjtPjk; vd;gtw;wpw;F

mjpfhpj;jpUe;jd. midj;J Kjph;r;rpfisf;nfhz;l

jpiwNrwp Kwpfspd; tpisTfSk; 2017,d;

,Wjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l kl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J 29

njhlf;fk; 74 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfs; nfhz;l tPr;rpy;

2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; mjpfhpj;jpUe;jd.

itg;G kw;Wk; fld;toq;fy; tPjq;fs;

y th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; ngUk;ghyhd itg;G

tl;btPjq;fs; Mz;bd; Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy;

cah;e;jsthd kl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gl;ld.

nrj;njk;ghpy; mjpfhpg;nghd;iw gjpTnra;jNghjpYk;

2018 Vg;gpwypy; kj;jpa tq;fpahy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

nfhs;if tl;btPjq;fspd; Fiwg;gpidj; njhlh;e;J

itg;Gf;fSf;fhd tl;btPjq;fs; gbg;gbahf

tPo;r;rpaila Muk;gpj;jpUe;jd. th;j;jf tq;fpfs;

trKs;s midj;J ntspepd;w tl;b ciof;fpd;w

tiuglk; 7.6

mur gpizaq;fSf;fhd ,uz;lhe;jur; re;ij tpisT tisap

14

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

1 tUlk;

2015 ,Wjp 2016 ,Wjp 2017 ,Wjp 2018 nrj; ,Wjp

5 tUlk;

10 tUlk;

15 tUlk;


rjtPjk;

ml;ltiz 7.1 tl;b tPjq;fspd; mirTfs;

Mz;Lf;fhd rjtPjk;

tl;b tPjk;2017

Kbtpy;

2018 nrj;Kbtpy;

nfhs;if tl;b tPjq;fs;

Jizepy; itg;G trjp tPjk; 7.25 7.25 Jizepy; fld;toq;fy; trjp tPjk; 8.75 8.50

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l miog;Gg;gz tPjk; 8.15 8.40

mur gpizaq;fs; kPjhd tpisT tPjq;fs;

Kjyhe;jur; re;ij (m)

jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;

91-ehs; 7.69 8.56 182-ehs; 8.30 8.60 364-ehs; 8.90 9.51

jpiwNrhp Kwpfs;

2-tUlk; 9.83 - 3-tUlk; 9.55 10.03 4-tUlk; 11.14 - 5-tUlk; 10.20 9.91 10-tUlk; 10.36 10.20

,uz;lhe;jur; re;ij

jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs;

91-ehs; 7.68 8.45 182-ehs; 8.30 8.88

364-ehs; 8.89 9.41

jpiwNrhp Kwpfs; 2-tUlk; 9.37 9.77 3-tUlk; 9.68 10.41 4-tUlk; 9.81 10.55 5-tUlk; 9.96 10.67 10-tUlk; 10.15 10.86

chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs;; (M)

itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 0.50-9.50 0.50-8.50 xU tUl epiyahd itg;Gf;fs; (,) 4.89-15.00 4.53-15.00 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l itg;G tPjk; (<) 9.07 8.69 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l epiyahd itg;G tPjk; (<) 11.48 10.84 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa itg;G tPjk; (<) 10.06 10.24 (c) ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa epiyahd itg;G tPjk; (<) 10.65 10.69 (c)

fld; toq;fy; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Kjd;ik fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 11.33 11.72 ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 13.88 14.18 (c) ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 14.31 14.35 (c)

Vida epjpapay; epWtdq;fs; (C)

itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fp Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 4.00 4.00 xU tUl epiyahd itg;Gf;fs; 11.00 10.50 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs; (v) Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 5.43-7.99 5.26-7.95 (c) xU tUl epiyahd itg;Gf;fs; 12.15-13.71 11.50-13.09 (c)

fld; toq;fy; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs; Njrpa Nrkpg;G tq;fp 13.00-16.00 12.75-16.00 mur <l;L KjyPl;L tq;fp (V) 10.50-20.00 10.50-20.00 chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfs; (v) epjpf; Fj;jif 17.40-28.03 16.89-29.96 (c) thliff; nfhs;tdT 15.00-20.84 13.80-22.43 (c) nka; Mjdq;fSf;F vjpuhd fld;fs; 17.95-20.18 18.82-21.27 (c)

fk;gdp gLfld; re;ij

njhFjpf; fld;fs; 12.50-15.00 12.00-14.20 (c) th;j;jfg; gj;jpuk; 13.75-16.50 13.10-15.00

%yk;: nfhOk;G gq;Fg; ghpth;j;jid njhlh;Gila epjpapay; epWtdq;fs;

,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp

(m) ,Wjpahff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w Vyj;jpy; cs;sthwhd ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l tpisT tPjq;fs;

(M) th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tPjq;fis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ

(,) cah;e;jgl;r tPjkhdJ Fwpg;gpl;l th;j;jf tq;fpfshy;

toq;fg;gl;l rpwg;G tPjkhFk;

(<) 2018 A+iyapypUe;J murpdhy; toq;fg;gl;l %j;j

gpui[fSf;fhd rpwg;G tl;b tPjj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpid

ePf;Ftjw;fhf rpwg;G tl;b tPjkhd 15 rjtPjj;jpw;F

gjpyhf njhlh;Gila re;ij tl;b tPjq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp r.ep.it.tPjKk; r.ep.ep.it.tPjKk;

fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 2018 A+dpypUe;J r.ep.G.it.

tPjKk; r.ep.G.ep.it.tPjKk; fzpg;gpLtjw;F ,Nj Kiw

gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

(c) 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; cs;sthW

(C) Vida njhpT nra;ag;gl;l epjpapay; epWtdq;fspdhy;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l tPjq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.

(v) njhlh;Gila fhyg;gFjpapy;

jpul;lg;gl;l itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; fld;

toq;fy;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;

tl;b tPjq;fspd; vy;iyahdJ chpkk;

ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfshy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l

ruhrhp cah;e;jgl;r kw;Wk; Fiwe;jgl;r

tPjq;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.

2018 ,w;fhd juT jw;fhypfkhdJ.

(V) tPlikg;G Nehf;fq;fSf;fhd fld;

toq;fy; kl;Lk;

7

108


itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fspd; mirTfisg;

gpujpgypf;fpd;w ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l itg;G

tPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 9.07

rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy;

38 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy; 8.69 rjtPjj;jpw;F

tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jJ. mNjNtis th;j;jf

tq;fpfs; trKs;s ntspepd;w fhy itg;Gf;fspd;

tl;btPjq;fspd; mirtpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l epiyahd itg;GtPjKk;

2017,d; ,WjpapypUe;j 11.48 rjtPjj;Jld;

xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy;


tPo;;r;rpaile;jpUe;jJ. vdpDk; Fwpg;ghf re;ij

gw;whf;Fiwahd jputj;jd;ik epiyikfis

mDgtpf;Fk;NghJ itg;Gf;fis jpul;Ltjw;fhd

th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; Kaw;rpia ntspg;gLj;Jk;

tifapy; midj;J tl;b tUthia ciof;fpd;w

Gjpa itg;Gf;fSf;fhd tl;b tPjq;fisg;

gpujpgypf;fpd;w ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa

itg;GtPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 10.06

rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

10.24 rjtPjj;jpw;F 18 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;

mjpfhpj;jpUe;jJ. mNjNtis> ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;

gztPf;fkhdJ ngUk;ghyhd tq;fpfshy;

toq;fg;gl;l itg;Gf;fSf;fhd tl;btPjq;fisf;

fhl;bYk; kpfTk; Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy;

fhzg;gl;likapd; fhuzj;jhy; itg;ghsh;fs;

Neh;f;fzpa tl;btPjq;fspyhd ed;ikfis

njhlh;r;rpahf ngw;wpUe;jdh;.

y th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; nfhLfld; tPjq;fs;

2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khjq;fspy; njhlh;r;rpahf

mjpfhpj;jpUe;jd. FWq;fhy nfhLfld; tPjq;fspd;

mirtpid gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; th;j;jf

tq;fpfshy; jq;fspd; Kjd;ik thbf;ifahsUf;F

thuhe;jk; toq;fg;gl;l FWq;fhyf; fld;fs;

kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tl;b

tPjq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fzpf;fg;gLk; thuhe;j

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Kjd;ik fld;toq;fy;

tPjk; rpy thuq;fspy; fPo;Nehf;fpa rPuhf;fq;fis

gjpTnra;jpUe;j NghjpYk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 11.55 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d;

nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 19 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;

11.74 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;jJ. thuhe;j ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Kjd;ik fld;toq;fy; tPjq;fspd;

ruhrhpahd khjhe;j ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

Kjd;ik fld;toq;fy; tPjk; 2017Mk; Mz;bd;

,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 11.33 rjtPjj;Jld;

xg;gpLkplj;J 2018Mk; Mz;bd; nrj;njk;gh;

,Wjpapy; 11.72 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

NkYk;> chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfspdhy;

toq;fg;gl;l midj;J ntspepd;w fld;fs;

kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fSf;fhd tl;b tPjq;fis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

fld; toq;fy; tPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l

13.88 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 30 mbg;gilg; Gs;spfshy;

2018,d; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 14.18 rjtPjj;jpw;F

mjpfhpj;jJ. mNjNtis> Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU

khjj;jpy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspdhy; jdpahh;

Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l midj;J Gjpa fld;fs;

kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fSf;fhd tl;btPjq;fis

cs;slf;Ffpd;w ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l Gjpa

fld;toq;fy; tPjk; 2017,d; jpnrk;gh; ,Wjpapyhd

14.31 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018,d; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;


tiuglk; 7.7

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l re;ij tl;btPjq;fs;

khjhe;j ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

Kjd;ik fld;

toq;fy; tPjk;

ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

itg;G tPjk;

ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

epiyahd

itg;G tPjk;

ruhrhp

epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

fld; toq;fy;

tPjk;

rd

- 15

rd

- 15

rd

- 15

rd

- 16

rd

- 18

Nk

- 14

Nk

- 15

Nk

- 15

Nk

- 17

Nk

- 18

nrj; - 1

4

nrj; - 1

5

nrj; - 1

5

nrj; - 1

7

nrj; - 1

8


17

15

13

11

9

7

5

rjtPjk;

tiuglk; 7.8

Gjpa itg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Gjpa fld; toq;fy; tPjq;fs;

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

Gjpa itg;G tPjk;ruhrhp epiwNaw;wg;gl;l

Gjpa fld;toq;fy; tPjk;

rd

- 16

rd

- 17

rd - 1

8

nrj

;- 16

nrj

; - 17

khh; - 1

6

khh; - 1

7

khh;- 1

8

ent

- 16

ent

- 17

jpnr -

16

jpnr -

17

xj; - 1

6

xj; - 1

7

Nk

- 16

Nk

- 17

Nk- 1

8

A+iy

- 16

A+iy

- 17

A+iy

- 18


ngg; - 1

6

ngg; - 1

7

ngg; - 1

8

Vg; - 1

6

Vg; - 1

7

Vg; -

18

A+d; - 1

6

A+d; - 1

7

A+d; - 1

8

Xfj; - 1

6

Xfj;- 1

7

Xfj;- 1

8

rjtPjk;

7

109


mjpfhpj;jJ. ngausT tl;btPjq;fisf; fhl;bYk;

gztPf;fkhdJ Fiwe;jstpy; fhzg;gl;likapd;

fhuzj;jhy; ngUk;ghyhd cz;ik nfhLfld;

tPjq;fspy; Nky;Nehf;fpa rPuhf;fq;fs;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.

gLfld; rhjdq;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs;

y fk;gdp gLfld; gpizaq;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;

tl;b tPjq;fs; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jd. FWq;fhy gLfld;

rhjdkhf tpsq;Ffpd;w th;j;jfg; gj;jpuq;fs;

kPjhd tl;btPjq;fs; 2017,y; mwpf;ifaplg;gl;l

13.75-16.50 rjtPj tPr;Rld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018Mk;

Mz;bd; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspy; 13.10-15.00 rjtPj

tPr;rpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jd. ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;>

VO fk;gdpfspdhy; 4-10 Mz;LfSf;fpilg;gl;l

Kjph;r;rpAila Vwj;jho 20 njhFjpf;fld;fspd;

mwpf;iffs; ntt;NtWgl;l epiyahd kw;Wk;

khWfpd;w tl;b tPjq;fspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ld.

njhFjpf;fld; gj;jpuq;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;

epiyahd tl;b tPjq;fs; 2017 fhyg;gFjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 12.50-15.00 rjtPj tPr;Rld;

xg;gpLifapy; 2018Mk; Mz;bd; Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

12.00-14.20 rjtPj tPr;rpy; fhzg;gl;ld.

ntspehl;L ehza itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;b tPjq;fs;

y th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; Ngzg;gLfpd;w ntspehl;L

ehzaq;fspy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l itg;Gf;fs; kPJ

gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tl;b tPjq;fs; 2018,d; Kjy;

xd;gJ khjfhyg;gFjpapy; fyg;ghd mirTfis

fhl;bapUe;jd. I.m.nlhyhpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l

Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd tl;btPjkhdJ 2017,d;

,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 0.02-4.38 rjtPj tPr;Rld;

xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 0.02-

4.00 rjtPj tPr;rpy; gjpthfpaJ. I.m.nlhyhpy;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jtiz itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd

tl;btPjkhdJ 2017,d; ,Wjpapyhd 0.15-

5.03 rjtPj tPr;Rld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d;

nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 0.15-6.00 rjtPj tPr;rpy;

fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis gTz;]; ];Nlh;ypq;fpy;

Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; kPjhd

tl;b tPjk; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; gjpthfpa 0.10-2.25

rjtPj tPr;Rld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d; nrj;njk;gh;

,Wjpapy; 0.10-2.47 rjtPj tPr;rpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.

gTz;]; ];Nlh;ypq;fpy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jtiz

itg;Gf;fs; kPJ gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tl;b tPjk;

2018,d; nrj;njk;gh; ,Wjpapy; 0.10-3.25 rjtPj

tPr;rpy; fhzg;gl;lJld; mjdJ xg;gplj;jf;f tl;b

tPjkhdJ 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; 0.20-4.57 rjtPj

tPr;rpw;Fs; fhzg;gl;lJ.

ehza kw;Wk; nfhLfld; $l;Lf;fspd; mirTfs;

xJf;Fg; gzk;

y xJf;Fg; gzk; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; kpjkhd Ntfnkhd;wpy;

tphptile;jJ. xJf;Fg; gzj;jpd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L

tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017,d; ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l

9.8 rjtPj tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018,d;

Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 10.2 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

ngausT epajpfspy;> xJf;Fg; gzkhdJ 2017Mk;

Mz;bd; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapd; &.55.2

gpy;ypad; tphpthf;fj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018,d;

Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; &.64.9 gpy;ypadhy;

&.1>004.7 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. xJf;Fg;

gzj;jpd; nghWg;Gg; gf;fj;jpypUe;J ghh;f;Fk;

NghJ fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;gl;l

tphpthf;fkhdJ kj;jpa tq;fpAldhd th;j;jf

tq;fpfspd; itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;G kw;Wk;

Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzaq;fspd; mjpfhpg;G Mfpa

,uz;bdhYk; Vw;gl;ljhFk;. ,jd;gb kj;jpa

tq;fpAldhd th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; itg;Gf;fs;

&.43.3 gpy;ypadhy; &.385.0 gpy;ypaDf;F

mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. th;j;jf tq;fpfspd; itg;Gf;fspd;

Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp 2017 ,Wjpapd; 12.7 rjtPj

tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

16.8 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. fhyg;gFjpapy;

epytpa cah;e;j tl;b tPjq;fspd; fhuzkhf

ehzaq;fis itj;jpUg;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gr;

nryT mjpfhpj;jikiag; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy;

Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzaq;fspd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L

tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017 ,Wjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l 8.2

rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

6.5 rjtPjj;jhy; kpjkhdstpy; tsh;r;rpaile;jJ.

,jd;gb Rw;Nwhl;lj;jpYs;s ehzak; 2018 Xfj;J

,Wjpapy; &.21.5 gpy;ypadhy; &.619.6 gpy;ypaDf;F

mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

y kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Ie;njhifapd; nrhj;Jf;fs;

gf;fj;jpypUe;J ghh;f;Fk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; xJf;Fg; gzk; mjpfhpj;jikf;F

7

110


kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

kw;Wk; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; ,uz;bYk;

Vw;gl;l tphpthf;fNk fhuzkhFk;. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;

Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 2017Mk; Mz;by;

mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l &.203.9 gpy;ypad; fzprkhdsthd

tPo;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; &. 9.6 gpy;ypadhy; &.103.2

gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;Js;sd. kj;jpa tq;fpapd;

Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;F

kj;jpa tq;fpahy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa

nfhLfldpy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng gpujhd fhuzkhFk;.

kj;jpa tq;fpahy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa

nfhLfld; 2017Mk; Mz;L fhyj;jpd; &.187.9

gpy;ypad; tPo;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy;

vl;L khj fhyj;jpy; &.20.7 gpy;ypadhy; &.245.8

gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khjfhyj;jpy; &. 24.9 gpy;ypaDf;F tif$wpa

kj;jpa tq;fpahy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l jw;fhypf

Kw;gzq;fspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;gpd; tpisthNyNa

,J KOikahf Vw;gl;Ls;s mNjNtisapy;

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; jpiwNrhp cz;bay; clikfs;

(Njwpa kPs;nfhs;tdT eltbf;iffs;) &.4.2

gpy;ypadhy; Fiwtile;Js;sd. ,jw;F Nkyhf

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Vida nrhj;Jf;fSf;Fk; Vida

nghWg;Gf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghlhf

tpsq;Ffpd;w kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Vida tplaq;fs;

(Njwpa) Kf;fpakhf gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffspd;

kPs;kjpg;gPl;bdhy; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyj;jpy;

&.5.5 gpy;ypadhy; Fiwtile;Js;sd. xJf;Fg;

gzj;jpd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Ak;

tifapy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fSk; 2017 fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

&.287.5 gpy;ypad; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd

mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; &.55.3 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

Fwpg;ghf gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fSldhd ntspehl;L

epjpapay; nghWg;Gf;fSk; mjpfhpj;Js;s NghjpYk;

ntspehl;L gpizaq;fspd; KjyPl;by; Vw;gl;l

mjpfhpg;Ng kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fspd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sJ

vdpDk; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpapy;

ntspehl;L epjpapay; nghWg;Gf;fspd;

tphpthf;fj;jpid tpl kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;L

epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fisf; fl;bnaOg;gpaik

tpQ;rpAs;sjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

FWfpa gzk; (M1)

y nghJkf;fspd; trKs;s ehzak; kw;Wk; Nfs;tp

itg;Gf;fis cs;slf;Ffpd;w FWfpa gzkhdJ

(M1)> cah;e;j tl;btPj #oYld; ,ize;J nry;Yk;

tifapy; 2017 ,Wjpapd; 2.1 rjtPj Mz;Lf;fhz;L

tsh;r;rpiaj; njhlh;e;J 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 4.3

rjtPj tsh;r;rpnahd;iwg; gjpTnra;J njhlh;e;Jk;

kpjkhfNt tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. nghJkf;fspd;

trKs;s ehzaq;fspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;gpd;

tpistpdhNyNa 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; FWfpa gzk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

,jd;gb> nghJkf;fspd; trKs;s ehzak; 2017,d;

2.3 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyj;jpy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 4.6

rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJld; ,J FWfpa

gzj;jpd; tphpthf;fj;jpw;F Vwj;jho 62 rjtPjj;jpw;F

tif$wpAs;sJ. mNjNtis cah;e;j re;ij tl;b

tPjq;fs; epyTk; #onyhd;wpy; tl;b ciof;fhj

itg;GfSf;F Vw;gLfpd;w Fiwthd Nfs;tpiag;

gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd

nghJkf;fs; trKs;s Nfs;tp itg;Gf;fs; 2018

Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy;

3.8 rjtPjkhd kpjkhd tsh;r;rpnahd;iwg;

gjpTnra;Js;sd. ngausT epajpfspy; Nfs;tp

itg;Gf;fs; 2017 ,Wjpapd; &. 353.9 gpy;ypadpypUe;J

2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; &. 24.1 gpy;ypadhy; &.329.8

gpy;ypaDf;F RUf;fkile;Js;sd.

tiuglk; 7.9

ehshe;j xJf;Fg;gzk; (m)

&. gpy;ypad;

2016 2017 2018


1100

1000

900

800

700

600

(m) epajp xJf;F tpfpjj;jpd; jpUj;jq;fshy; 2016 rdthpapYk; gUtfhy

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rd

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nkJtile;Js;sJ. tphpe;j gzepuk;gypd; (M2b)

Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp 2017 ,Wjpapd; 16.7

rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

13.5 rjtPjkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w mNjNtis ruhrhp

tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;

20.1 rjtPj tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d;

Kjy; vl;L khjfhyg;gFjpapy; 15.4 rjtPjkhff;

fhzg;gl;lJ. jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l

nfhLfld; tsh;r;rpapd; njhlh;r;rpahd nkJtilNt

tphpe;j gz tsh;r;rp Fiwtile;jikf;fhd

Kf;fpa gq;fspg;Gf; fhuzpahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

,uz;bdJk; tphpthf;fk; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyj;jpd; ehza tsh;r;rpf;Fg; gq;fspj;Js;sd.

2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tphpe;j

gzf; $l;Lf;fspd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L tphpthf;fj;jpw;F

Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 73 rjtPjkhd

gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpAs;s mNj Ntisapy;

vQ;rpa gFjpf;F Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

tif$wpAs;sd.

y nghWg;Gg; gf;fj;jpy;> tq;fpfSldhd nghJkf;fs;

trKs;s fhy kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fspy;

Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng tphpe;j gzj;jpd; (M2b)

tphpthf;fj;jpw;F Kf;fpakhfg; gq;fspj;Js;sd.

Mz;L fhyj;jpy; cah; re;ij tl;b tPjq;fshy;

th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G

itg;Gf;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F ftug;gl;L

tphpe;j gzj;jpd; (M2b) tphpthf;fj;jpw;F Vwj;jho

96 rjtPj gq;fspg;gpid toq;fpAs;sd. jtiz

kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs; 2017,d; ,Wjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 19.1 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ

Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 2018 Xfj;J

,Wjpapy; 14.8 rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sd.

,jd; tpisthy; ngausT epajpfspy; th;j;jf

tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G

itg;Gf;fs; 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l &.662.5 gpy;ypad; mjpfhpg;Gld;

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&.560.1 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sd.

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ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; mjpfhpj;jikf;F kj;jpa

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Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng KOikahf tif$wpAs;sJ.

ngausT epajpfspy;> 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; &.55.4 gpy;ypadhy; tphptile;j

kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fshy; ce;jg;gl;L> 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

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cs;ehl;L tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfspd; Njwpa

ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.23.1 gpy;ypadhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikapd; jhf;fj;ijg; gpujpgypf;Fk;

tiuglk; 7.10

tphpe;j gzj;jpd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L khw;wj;jpw;fhd

gq;fspg;G - M2b (nrhj;Jf;fs; gf;fk;)

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500

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1500

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%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp&. gpy;ypad;

Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;

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800

1000

600

400

200

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112


tifapy; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; th;j;jf tq;fpfspd;

Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.10.0 gpy;ypadhy;

Fiwtile;Js;sd. ntspehl;L tq;fpfSldhd

ntspehl;L ehza itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;gpdhy;

tif$wg;gl;l ntspehl;L epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fspd;

mjpfhpg;Gf;F kj;jpapYk; th;j;jf tq;fpfSldhd

tjptw;Nwhh; trKs;s ntspehl;L ehza itg;Gg;

nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng cs;ehl;L

tq;fpj;njhopy; gphptpd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fspd; tPo;r;rpf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhfpaJ.

mNjNtis> Ma;Tf;Fhpa fhyg;gFjpapy; ntspehl;L

nrhj;Jf;fis tpl ntspehl;Lg; nghWg;Gf;fs;

Fiwtile;jikahy; fiufle;j tq;fpj;njhopy;

gphptpd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; &.13.1

gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sd. tjptw;NwhUf;fhd

nfhLfldpy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Gf;F kj;jpapYk;

ntspehl;L tq;fpfSldhd itg;Gf;fspd;

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njhopy; gphpTfspd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

rpwpjsthy; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sd tjptw;Nwhh;

trKs;s itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;GfSf;F

kj;jpapy; ntspehl;L tq;fpfsplkpUe;jhd

fld;ghLfspd; tPo;r;rp ntspehl;Lg; nghWg;Gf;fs;

tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhfpaJ.

y jdpahh; kw;Wk; mur Jiwfs; Mfpa

,uz;bw;Fkhd nfhLfld; gfph;e;jspg;Gf;fspy;

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khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;

Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; tphptile;Js;sd.

ngausT epajpfspy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwikapd;

Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 2017,d; mNj

fhyg;gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l &.463.8 gpy;ypad;

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rpy Nkk;ghLfisg; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy;

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tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapdhy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l

Njwpa nfhLfldpd; tphpthf;fk; kpjkile;Js;sJ.

tq;fpj;njhopy; Kiwikapd; murpw;fhd Njwpa

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fhzg;gl;l &.265.4 gpy;ypad; mjpfhpg;Gld;

xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj


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gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. th;j;jf tq;fpfspd;

murpw;fhd Njwpa nfhLfldhdJ 2017,d;

njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l

&.384.9 gpy;ypadhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd

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cs;ehl;L tq;fpj;njhopy; gphpTfshy; murpw;F

toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa nfhLfld; tphpthf;fNk


th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l

Njwpa nfhLfldpd; mjpfhpg;Gf;F KOikahd

fhuzkhff; fhzg;gLfpd;w mNjNtisapy;

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fhyk;

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nfhLfld; (M)

2014 439.4 219.0 134.6 85.8 49.8 30.6 19.52015 1,091.9 688.6 323.6 79.7 63.1 29.6 7.32016 939.6 743.9 212.6 -16.9 79.2 22.6 -1.82017 833.0 613.4 196.4 23.2 73.6 23.6 2.8

rd - Xfj; 2017 677.8 404.7 265.4 7.7 59.7 39.2 1.1rd - Xfj; 2018 655.1 449.1 103.4 102.5 68.6 15.8 15.6

(m) cs;ehl;Lf; nfhLfldhdJ jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld;> murpw;fhd Njwpa nfhLfld; kw;Wk; mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspw;fhd nfhLfld; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.(M) jpUj;jg;gl;lJ


ml;ltiz 7.2

cs;ehl;L nfhLfld; tphpthf;fk; kw;Wk; gq;fspg;Gf; fhuzpfs;

7

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gpujhd fhuzkhFk;. mNjNtis Ma;Tf;Fhpa

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vl;Lkhj fhyg;gFjpapy; &.9.4 gpy;ypadhy;

tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. fiufle;j tq;fpj;njhopy;

gphpTfshy; murpw;F toq;fg;gl;l Njwpa nfhLfldpd;

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tPo;r;rpaile;jikNa Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;.

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epjpapay; nrayhw;wj;jpd; tpisthy; mit

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nfhLfld; tpiuthd tPjnkhd;wpy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

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njhopy;Kaw;rp epWtdq;fspd; fld;ghLfshy;

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kl;lq;fSf;F nkJtile;jJ. ,jd;gb>

jdpahh;Jiwf;fhd nfhLfldpd; tsh;r;rp 2017,d;

Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 17.8 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 2017

,Wjpapd; 14.7 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018

Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 14.3 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.

ehzaf; nfhs;if topKiwfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf>

Nkhl;lhh; thfdq;fs; Nghd;w Fwpj;j JiwfSf;fhd

kpjkpQ;rpa nfhLflid fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

Nguz;l Kd;kjpAila topKiwfspd; njhlh;r;rpAk;

jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfldpd; nkJtiljYf;F

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;jpUf;fyhk;. vdpDk;> ngausT

epajpfspy; jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; 2017,d;

njhlh;Ggl;l fhyg;gFjpapd; &.404.7 gpy;ypad;

mjpfhpg;Gld; xg;gpLkplj;J 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; &.449.1 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jJ.

y nghUshjhuj;jpd; midj;J Kf;fpa JiwfSf;Fk;

toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfldhdJ 2018,d; Kjyiug;

gFjpapy; tphptile;jikahdJ nghUshjhu

eltbf;iffSf;F Mjutspf;Fk; tifapy;

tsq;fs; NghJkhdstpy; fpilf;fj;jf;fjhf

,Ug;gjidf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. th;j;jf

tiuglk; 7.12

th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahh;Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld;

200

150

100

50

- 50

-

40

30

20

10

0

-10

75.843.2

74.459.2

14.3

&. gpy;ypad;

nfhLfldpd; khjhe;j khw;wk;

(ngausT epajpfspy;) nfhLfldpd;

Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp

(tyJ mr;R)

rjtPjk;

rd

- 14

jpnr

- 16

A+d; -

14

Nk

- 17

ent

- 14

xj; -

17

Vg; -

15

khH

- 18

nrj; -

15

Xfj; -

18

ngg; -

16

A+iy

- 16


7

114


tq;fpfshy; jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l fld;fs;

kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspd; fhyhz;L mstPl;bd;

mbg;gilapy; Ntshz;ikj; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld;

2018,d; a+d; ,Wjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy;

16.0 rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.

,J Fwpg;gpl;l rpy gpuNjrq;fspy; epytpa

thdpiy njhlh;ghd Fog;gepiyikfspypUe;J

kPl;rpailtjw;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhd

fld;ghLfs; mjpfhpf;fg;gl;ljidg; gFjpastpy;

gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ. mNjNtis ifj;njhopy;

Jiwf;fhd nfhLflDk; 2018 a+d; ,Wjpapy;

Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 19.7 rjtPjj;jhy;

tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. ifj;njhopy; Jiwapd;

midj;Jj; Jizj; JiwfSf;Fkhd nfhLfld;

gha;r;ry; Neh;f;fzpa tsh;r;rp tPjj;ijg; gjpT

nra;Js;s mNjNtisapy;> ifj;njhopy;

Jiwf;fhd nkhj;jf; nfhLfld; gha;r;rypy;

Vwj;jho 48 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk;> jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd

nkhj;jf; nfhLfldpy; 20 rjtPjj;jpw;Fk;

tif $wpAs;s fl;Lkhz Jizj;Jiwf;fhd

nfhLfld; 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;

gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 21.8 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ

2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L

mbg;gilapy; 18.5 rjtPj tsh;r;rpnahd;iwg; gjpT

nra;Js;sJ. nkhj;j tpw;gid kw;Wk; rpy;yiw

th;j;jfk;> Rw;Wyh kw;Wk; epjpapay; kw;Wk; tpahghug;

gzpfs; Jizj; Jiwfspd; fld;ghLfshy;

vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;L gzpfs; Jiwf;fhd

nfhLfldhdJ 2017,d; njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy;

gjpT nra;ag;gl;;l 15.8 rjtPj Mz;Lf;fhz;L

tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjyiug;

gFjpapy; 14.2 rjtPjkhf tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.

mNjNtis jdpg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk;

Kw;gzq;fspd; tifapd; fPohd nfhLfld; 2017,d;

njhlh;ghd fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l 17.9

tiuglk; 7.13

Kf;fpa JiwfSf;F th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; - 2018 (m)

Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpb - &. 31.0 gpy; 16.0%

ifj;njhopy; - &. 190.1 gpy; 19.7%

gzpfs; - &. 126.7 gpy; 14.2%

jdpg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fs; - &. 28.1 gpy;11.2%


Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpbrhh;e;j Vida fld;fs;

kPd;gpb

&. 11.2 gpy;20.9%

&. 3.0 gpy;8.7%

&. 2.6 gpy;;18.0%

&. 1.2 gpy;4.6%&. 1.2 gpy;

3.5%

&. 0.4 gpy;1.9%

nkhj;j tpw;gidkw;Wk; rpy;yiw

&. 20.1 gpy;14.0%

Rw;Wyh

&. 18.2 gpy;18.5%

fg;gNyw;wy;>thd; Nghf;Ftuj;J

kw;Wk; ruf;F gupkhw;wk;

&. 1.2 gpy;-10.0%

gzpfs; rhHe;jVida fld;fs;

&. 37.4 gpy;12.8% Vida jdpg;gl;l

fld;fs;

&. 15.3 gpy;13.1%

mlFgpbj;jy;

&. 7.8 gpy;13.6%

ePz;l fhy EfHTg;nghUl;fs;

&. 5.0 gpy;4.0%

epjpapay; kw;Wk;tpahghug;gzpfs;

&. 49.8 gpy;16.2%

&. 14.5 gpy;20.0%

Njapiy&. 76.2 gpy;18.5%

fl;llthf;fk;

&. 10.7 gpy;11.8%

czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;

&. 26.4 gpy;24.1%

cUtikf;fg;gl;l cNyhfcw;gj;jpfs;> nghwpfs; kw;Wk;

Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fUtpfs;

&. 70.9 gpy;23.3%

ifj;njhopy; rhu;e;jVida fld;fs;

,wg;gu;

njq;F

ney;kuf;fwp goq;fs;

. 10.7 11.8%


. 10.7 11.8%


. 10.7 11.8%


. 10.7


. 10.7


. 10.7


. 10.7


. 10.7 gpy


gpy


gpy


gpy


gpy


gpy


gpy


gpygpy;gpy


gpy


gpy


gpy

czT kw;Wk;czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs;

&. 5.9 gpy;15.2%

Glitfs; kw;Wk;Milfs;

(m) 2018,d; Kjyiug; gFjpapy; tHj;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahH Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfld; khw;wj;jpidg; ngausTj; njhiffs; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;w

Ntisapy; rjtPjkhdJ 2018 A+d; ,WjpapYs;sthwhd Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsHr;rpiaf; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

7

115


rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLk;NghJ 2018,d; Kjyiug;

gFjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 11.2

rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. mlFgpbj;jy;

Kw;gzq;fspd; tsh;r;rp 2017,d; njhlh;ghf

fhyg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l 12.4 rjtPjj;jpy; ,Ue;J

2018 a+d; ,Wjpapy; 13.6 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;Js;s

mNjNtisapy; ePz;lfhy Efh;Tg; nghUl;fspd;

nfhs;tdTfSf;fhfg; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;l

nfhLfld; Kd;ida Mz;bd; njhlh;ghd

fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 20.4 rjtPjkhd

Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd tsh;r;rpapypUe;J 2018 a+d;

,Wjpapy; 4.0 rjtPjj;jpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ.

tphpe;j gzk; (M4)

y epjpapay; epWtdq;fspy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ehza

nghWg;Gf;fspd; nkJtiljiy gpujpgypf;Fk;

tifapy;> epjpapay; mstPl;lhy; (M4) 1 mstplg;gl;l

tphpe;j gz epuk;gypd; tsh;r;rp 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; NkYk; nkJtile;jJ. M2b,d;

mNj Nghf;fpid gpd;gw;wpa M4,d; Mz;Lf;fhz;L

tsh;r;rp 2017 ,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 17.6

1 chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpAld; chpkk;ngw;w

rpwg;gpay;Gtha;e;j tq;fpffs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfis

fUj;jpw;nfhz;L epjpapay; mstPnld;gJ jputj;jpd;ikapd; Xh; gue;j

mstPl;il toq;fpwJ.

Jiw 2017 A+d;,Wjpapy;

2017 jpnr

,Wjpapy;

2018 A+d;,Wjpapy; (<)

Mz;Lf;fhz;L khw;wk;

(A+d; 17/A+d; 18)

ngWkjp %

Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpb 382.0 412.4 443.3 61.3 16.0,jpy;> Njapiy 84.6 91.0 102.3 17.6 20.9

,wg;gh; 25.3 24.4 27.5 2.2 8.7 njq;F 19.6 20.4 23.1 3.5 18.0ney; 32.3 32.6 33.8 1.5 4.6kuf;fwp> goq;fs; kw;Wk; rpW czTg; gaph;fs; 27.2 29.3 28.1 0.9 3.5kPd;gpb 16.8 17.5 17.1 0.3 1.9

ifj;njhopy; 1,864.0 2,041.4 2,231.5 367.5 19.7

,jpy;> fl;llthf;fk; 902.8 993.5 1,069.7 166.9 18.5czT kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fs; 103.6 105.1 115.8 12.2 11.8Glitfs; kw;Wk; Milfs; 156.8 174.7 180.6 23.8 15.2cUtikf;fg;gl;l cNyhf cw;gj;jpfs;> nghwpfSk;

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjdq;fSk; 158.5 170.3 196.7 38.2 24.1

gzpfs; 1,331.0 1,393.9 1,520.6 189.5 14.2

,jpy;> nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw th;j;jfk; 400.0 435.8 455.9 56.0 14.0Rw;Wyhj;Jiw 160.4 172.0 190.1 29.7 18.5epjpapay; kw;Wk; tpahghu gzpfs; 306.6 306.5 356.3 49.7 16.2fg;gNyw;wy;> thd; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; ruf;Fg; ghpkhw;wk; 22.7 19.2 20.4 -2.3 -10.0

jdpg;gl;l fld;fSk; Kw;gzq;fSk; (c) 972.1 1,053.2 1,081.2 109.2 11.2

,jpy;> ePz;lfhy Efh;Tg; nghUl;fs; 207.0 210.2 215.2 8.2 4.0mlF gpbj;jy; 137.5 148.4 156.2 18.7 13.6fldl;il 82.0 91.5 92.8 10.8 13.2

nkhj;jk; 4,549.1 4,900.9 5,276.6 727.5 16.0

ml;ltiz 7.3

th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l ntspepd;w nfhLfldpd; tifg;gLj;jy; (m) (M) (,)

(m) th;j;jf tq;fpfshy; jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspd; fhyhz;L mstPl;bd;

mbg;gilapyhdJ

(M) fld;fs;> Nkyjpfg; gw;Wf;fs; kw;Wk; fopT nra;ag;gl;l cz;bay;fs; cs;slq;fyhfTk; Nrfhpg;G nrad;KiwapYs;s fhR

tplaq;fs; ePq;fyhfTk;

(,) ,t;tl;ltizapYs;s nkhj;jg; ngWkjpfs; ml;ltiz 7.2 ,Ys;s jdpahh; Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l

nfhLfldpypUe;J NtWgLtjw;Ff; fzpg;gPl;L KiwfspYs;s NtWghLfNs fhuzkhFk;.

(<) jw;fhypfkhdJ

(c) zifj;njhopypd;Z fPo; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; zfl;llthf;fj;jpd;Z fPo; cs;slf;fg;gl;lJkhd jdpg;gl;l tPlikg;Gf; fld;fs;

ePq;fyhfTk; ghJfhg;G tiyaikg;G jpl;lj;Jld; njhlh;Gila fld;fs; cs;slq;fyhfTk;


tiuglk; 7.14

Kf;fpa JiwfSf;F kj;jpa tq;fpfshy;

toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfldpd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L tsh;r;rp

rjtPjk;

khh;- 1

4

khh;- 1

5

khh;- 1

6

khh;- 1

7

khh;- 1

8

A+d; -

14

A+d; -

15

A+d; -

16

A+d; -

17

A+d; -

18

nrj; -

14

nrj; -

15

nrj; -

16

nrj; -

17

jpnr

- 14

jpnr

- 15

jpnr

- 16

jpnr

- 17

Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; kPd;gpb ifj;njhopy; gzpfs; jdpg;gl;l fld;fs; kw;Wk;

Kw;gzq;fs;jdpahh;Jiwf;fhd

nkhj;jf; fld;fs; kw;Wk;

Kw;gzq;fs;


60

50

50

30

20

10

0

-10

-20

7

116


rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj

fhyg;gFjpapy; 12.7 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.

nghWg;Gf;fs; gf;fj;jpy;> chpkk;ngw;w th;j;jf

tq;fpfs;> chpkk;ngw;w rpwg;gpay;Gtha;e;j

tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;

vd;gtw;wpy; nghJkf;fspd; jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G

itg;Gf;fs; vd;git 2017 ,Wjpapy; fhzg;gl;l

19.7 rjtPj tsh;r;rpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018 Xfj;J

,Wjpapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L hPjpapy; 14.0 rjtPjj;jhy;

tsh;r;rpaile;jJ. chpkk;ngw;w rpwg;gpay;Gtha;e;j

tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;

vd;gtw;wpYs;s jtiz kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G itg;Gf;fs;

2017 ,Wjpapy; KiwNa gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 15.2

rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 29.4 rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;

2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy; 9.6 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; 9.2

rjtPjj;jhy; tsh;r;rpaile;jd. M4,d; nrhj;Jg;

gf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L

khj fhyg;gFjpapy; chpkk;ngw;w tq;fpfs;

kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; Njwpa

cs;ehl;L nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fs; ,uz;bd; tsh;r;rpapdhyhd

tphpthf;fkhFk;. ,jw;Nfw;g> Ma;Tf;Fhpa

fhyg;gFjpapy; chpkk;ngw;w tq;fpfs; kw;Wk;

chpk;ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspd; Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr;

nrhj;Jf;fs; &. 570.2 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jJld;

chpkk;ngw;w tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; chpkk;ngw;w

epjpf;fk;gdpfspd; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

&. 37.2 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jd.

JiwXfj;-17 Kbtpy;

2017

Kbtpy;

Xfj;-18

Kbtpy; (m)

Mz;Lf;fhz;L khw;wk;

2017 Kbtpy; Xfj;-18

ngWkjp % ngWkjp %

epjpapay; mstPL (M4) 7,457.0 7,795.9 8,403.3 1,165.7 17.6 946.3 12.7

cs;slq;Fk; fhuzpfs; Njwpa ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; -205.2 -34.2 3.0 349.0 91.1 208.3 101.5

ehza mjpfhurigfs; 745.8 846.1 901.5 287.5 51.5 155.7 20.9chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; -795.9 -724.6 -734.6 65.2 8.3 61.2 7.7c.ng.rp.tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; c.ng.ep.fk;gdpfs; -155.1 -155.7 -163.8 -3.8 -2.5 -8.7 -5.6

Njwpa cs;ehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fs; 7,662.3 7,830.1 8,400.3 816.6 11.6 738.0 9.6 cs;ehl;Lf; nfhLfld; 9,595.6 9,841.8 10,679.4 1,078.5 12.3 1,083.8 11.3 murpw;fhd Njwpa nfhLfld; 2,843.2 2,778.9 2,903.5 223.1 8.7 60.3 2.1

ehza mjpfhurigfs; 293.5 225.1 245.8 -187.9 -45.5 -47.8 -16.3

chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; 1,944.0 1,943.4 2,026.1 384.3 24.6 82.2 4.2

c.ng.rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs; 541.4 545.6 565.5 30.0 5.8 24.0 4.4chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfs; 64.2 64.8 66.1 -3.3 -4.9 1.9 2.9

mur $l;Lj;jhgdq;fSf;fhd nfhLfld; (M) 521.5 537.0 639.5 23.2 4.5 118.0 22.6

jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; (M) 6,230.9 6,525.8 7,136.4 832.2 14.6 905.5 14.5chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs; (M) 4,590.5 4,799.2 5,248.4 613.4 14.7 657.9 14.3

c.ng.rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs; 631.9 676.8 721.5 114.6 20.4 89.6 14.2

chpkk; ngw;w epjpf;fk;gdpfs;; 1,008.6 1,049.8 1,166.5 104.2 11.0 158.0 15.7

Vida tplaq;fs; (Njwpa) (,) -1,933.3 -2,011.7 -2,279.1 -261.8 -15.0 -345.7 -17.9

&. gpy;ypad;


ml;ltiz 7.4

tphpe;j gzj;jpd; (M4) nrhj;Jg;gf;fk;

(epjpapay; mstPl;bd;gb fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ)

(m) jw;fhypfkhdJ

(M) jpUj;jg;gl;lJ

(,) Vida nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; Vida nghWg;Gf;fSf;fpilapyhd tpj;jpahrkhff;

fzpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

tiuglk; 7.15

Nrkpg;G kw;Wk; jtiz itg;Gf;fspd; Mz;Lf;fhz;L

tsh;r;rp (M4 ,d; gb)

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

50


rjtPjk;

chpkk; ngw;w th;j;jf tq;fpfs;

chpkk; ngw;w rpwg;gpay;G tha;e;j tq;fpfs;

xl;L nkhj;jk;

chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfs;

jpnr

- 14

Vg; - 1

4

Xfj; - 1

4

jpnr

- 15

Vg; - 1

5

Xfj; - 1

5

jpnr

- 16

Vg; - 1

6

Xfj; - 1

6

jpnr

- 17

Vg; - 1

7

Xfj; - 1

7

Vg; - 1

8

Xfj; - 1

8

jpnr

- 13

7

117


y M4 ,y; jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfldpd;

tsh;r;rpahdJ 2017 Xfj;J ,Wjpapd; 17.3

rjtPjj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; 2018 Xfj;J

,Wjpapy; 14.5 rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ.

chpkk; ngw;w epjpf; fk;gdpfspdhy; toq;fg;gl;l

jdpahh; Jiwf;fhd nfhLfld; 2017 ,Wjpapd;

11.0 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 2018 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;

15.7 rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpj;j mNj Ntisapy;

chpkk;ngw;w rpwpg;gpay;G tq;fpfspdhy; jdpahh;

Jiwf;F toq;fg;gl;l nfhLfldpd; tsh;r;rp 2017

,Wjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 20.4 rjtPjj;Jld;

xg;gpLifapy; Mz;Lf;fhz;L mbg;gilapy; 14.2

rjtPjj;jpw;F nkJtile;jJ. ngausT epajpfspy;>


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