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Ego States and Transactional Analysis

Wednesday, September 12, 2018

Presented by Monica Forst, M.Ed., C.C.C., R.P.

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GOALSI will teach the following material in Didactic and Experiential Manner.

Ego StatesCommunication: Strokes & Transactions Time structure & GamesScript Clinical interventions based on above concepts.

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EGO STATES -1 Multiple concepts on Ego State

phenomena

Berne (1961) - Ego-StatesWatkins (1978) - Ego-StatesYoung (1990) - Schema ModesSchwartz(1995) - IFS (Internal Family System)

Schmidt (2004) - DNMS(Developmental Needs Meeting Strategy)

**0 *** EGO STATES - 2Definitions

WATKINS: an organized system of behavior and experience whose elements are bound together by some common principle, and which is separated from other such states by a boundary that is more of less permeable. DNMS: An ingrained neural network with a point of view is an ego state, or a part of self. It is very normal to have parts of self – everyone has them. IFS: “..our psyches are made up of different parts, sometimes called subpersonalities. You can think of them as little people inside us.”

**0 EGO STATES - 3Definition of TA Ego-States

Ego-States are defined as experiential (phenomenological) states with associated patterns of behavior, emotions and thinking. Archeopsychic (fixated in the past.) Exteropsychic (introjected fixated) and Neo-psychic which is not fixated adaptable to change, and capable of flexible response. Switches in psychic energy allow distinct ego-states to be cathected and to have executive control of the person

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A Primer on TA Ego StatesEGO STATES - 4

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PARENT EGO STATES:Behaviours, thoughts and feelings copied from parent.

ADULT EGO STATE:Behaviours, thoughts and feelings which are appropriate and direct responses to the here and now.

CHILD EGO STATE:Behaviours, thoughts and feelings, replayed from childhood.

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Basic Ego State Pathology -1

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Contamination Decontamination

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Basic Ego State Pathology - 2

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Exclusion Boundary Lesion

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Functional ego-states are

Natural child Adapted ChildRebellious/vengeful child.Nurturing parentCritical parentAdult.

**0 *** EGO - STATES(structural)

Diagnostic Criteria

The recognition or diagnosis of ego- state phenomena is based on four items. ▸Behavior▸Response of others▸Experience of person (phenomenological)▸Historical

**0 Structural Perspective on Ego States

(Adapted by Roy Salole, MBBS, CTA)

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Adult = Present day skills and patterns; autonomous & flexible

Parent = Past backup copy RigidChild = Past experienced set. Rigid

XProtocol

Trigger Y

BIRTH

TODAY

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Basic Identification of TransferenceTriangle of Persons (Malan)

Therapist

Past Relationship

Present Relationship

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Three Basic HungersDict: “Hunger = a strong desire”

From birth we have a hunger for:▸Stimulation▸Recognition ▸Time Structure

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Strokes

A stroke is a basic unit of stimulation and recognition. It is a single message from one person to another person▸Positive or Negative▸Unconditional or Conditional ▸Verbal or non-verbal

**0 Transactions - 1A Transaction is the smallest unit of communication and consists of a message from one person and a response from the other. Transactional analysis is the analysis of which ego-states are involved in the communication. Transactions can be categorized into ▸Simple▪Complementary Transactions▪Crossed Transactions

▸Complex (double message)

**0 Transactions - 2Complimentary & Crossed

●Can you tell me the time please?▸ It is nine thirty.▸ Why don’t you ever wear your watch?

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**0 Transactions - 3Duplex message

●(Overt message) ................” ●(Covert message) ..........

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COMMUNICATION RULES

Communication is made up of a series of transactions.Rules that govern communication:▸If transactions are complementary then communication may proceed indefinitely.▸If a transaction is a crossed transaction then there will be a pause and what follows is likely to be different.▸The response to a duplex message will be to the ulterior message.

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Time structure

WithdrawalRitualPastimeActivityGamesIntimacy

**0 Play & Intimacy

Many definitions of Intimacy that are contradictory▸Game free, Spontaneous, Authentic▸Requires understanding of self and other and both in OK position ▸Play = C---C complementary transactions▸Intimacy = C----C and NP -----C simultaneous transactions

▸Bottom line is Games are dysfunctional ways to get needs met▸Intimacy transactions are healthy ways to get needs met.

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Learning to Play Games

E. Berne (1964)

“Child rearing may be regarded as an educational process by which the child is taught what games to play and how to play them.”

**0 GamesA Game is defined as a repetitive sequence of transactions between one or more individuals, which results in them experiencing the same feeling (usually bad) again and again.Games are classified into three degrees of severity:First-degree ▪ emotional payoff -social embarrassment

▪Second-degree ▪ physical payoff -injury - illness

▪Third degree ▪ tragic payoff - death - suicide/ murder -go crazy

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The Drama TriangleS. Karpman, 1968

▸Games are played outside of conscious awareness. (Otherwise it is manipulation and not a game) ▸The Drama Triangle is one way to analyze games and bring the unconscious negative patterns into awareness. Thus opening the possibility of change. ▸ (First stage of Prochaska’s change process.)

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*** The Drama Triangle(S. Karpman, 1968)

RESCUERPERSECUTOR

VICTIM

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- +

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The Trauma Triangle(Adapted from S. Karpman, 1968, by K.

Hudgins, 1997)ABANDONINGAUTHORITYPERSECUTOR

VICTIM

+ - + -

- +

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Scripts (Berne E., 1973)

“A script is an ongoing program, developed in early childhood under parental influence, which directs the individual's Behavior in the most important aspects of his life.”

There are 3 components to a script: – Basic Position– Injunctions – Drivers

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SCHEMA FOCUSSED THERAPY - 1

Jeff Young. "Schemas are important beliefs and feelings about oneself and the environment which the individual accepts without question. They are self-perpetuating and are very resistant to change...However when a schema erupts or is triggered by events, our thoughts and feelings are dominated by these Schemas. It is at these moments that people tend to experience extreme negative emotions and have dysfunctional thoughts“

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SCHEMA FOCUSSED THERAPY - 2

The central focus of SFC therapy is the identification of maladaptive Schemas developed in childhood, identifying how the Schemas operate in the present, and to work at fighting the Schemas in four areas.

Therapeutic relationship, experiential, cognitive restructuring and behavioral.

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Scripts Components - 1

BASIC POSITIONS

I’M OK - Y (others) OKI’M OK - Y (others) Not OKI’M Not OK - Y (others) OK I’M Not OK - Y (others) Not OK

**0 Scripts Components -212 Basic Injunctions (Gouldings)

INJUNCTIONS Matching SchemasDon’t Exist (Emot Dep -Mistrust -AB)Don’t be You Don’t be a ChildDon’t Grow up (Enmeshment)Don’t Succeed (Failure)Don’tDon’t be Important (Emot Dep - Aband)Don’t Belong (Soc Un - Alienation)Don’t be Close (Emot Dep - Mistrust -Ab)Don’t be SaneDon’t ThinkDon’t Feel (Emotional Inhibition)

**0 Scripts Components -35 Drivers

▸BE PERFECT (Unrelenting Standard)▸BE STRONG▸TRY HARD▸PLEASE ME (OTHERS) (Subjugation and Self.S.)

▸HURRY UP

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The OK Corral

Get Away From:Depressive LovelessSadRun Away -Suicide

Get On With:Game Free Intimacy

Get Nowhere With:FutilityMindlessConfusionFrustrationGo Crazy

Get Rid Of:DefensiveShow off toNIGYYSOBJoylessAngerHomicide

I’M OK

You’re Not OK

You’re OK

I’M Not OK

**0 Role of AttachmentFour Prototypical Attachment Styles

(Ainsworth/Main/Bartholomew/Shaver)

Negative Model of Other/High Avoidance

Positive Model of Other/Low Avoidance

Positive Model of Self/

Low Anxiety

Negative Model of Self/

High Anxiety

Anxious(Child)

Preoccupied(Adult)

Disorganized(Child)Fearful(Adult)

Secure(Child, Adult)

Avoidant(Child)

Dismissing(Adult)

**0 *** The OK Corral & Attachment Models

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*** Susceptible Points of Entry

There are susceptible points of entry where each of us can get ‘hooked’ into The Drama Triangle.If we identify our default position on The OK Corral, we are often able to identify our susceptibility or vulnerability to getting on The Drama Triangle.

**0 Tools to Help the ClientTeach your clients about Ego-states, Injunctions, Drivers and PermissionsTeach your clients about the drama triangleTeach your clients about the trauma triangleWhenever possible take your client back to the protocol to help them separate out what is real here and now, and how it is different from what happened in the pastTeach your clients healthy adult authorityRole ModelingPrescriptive Roles

**0 Helpful Tools for the TherapistAwareness of the transference issues of the client in his/her relationship with you.Awareness of the intensity and frequency of the unconscious repetitive transactions being played out by the client.Awareness of your primary Drivers and InjunctionsAwareness of your default position on The OK Corral.Awareness of the point of entry on The Drama Triangle that you are most susceptible to entering from (Therapists are by the very nature of their work, most likely to enter into The Drama Triangle from the point of Rescuer).

**0 Helpful Tools for the TherapistRules to avoid “Rescue” game

Adapted from Claude Steiner, 1971

In order to avoid getting caught in a drama there are five points to consider and address in the helping role:▸Have I been asked for help and what have I been asked to do? ▸Do I have a clear contract defining what it is I’m helping with and what they are prepared to do?▸Do I have the capacity to help with what I am being asked to do?▸Is the client willing to do 50% of the work?▸Do I want to help with what I’m being asked to do?