EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP)

AT EAST OIL MILL

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) TREATMENTSYSTEM is a biological treatment processes. The system includes an advanced anaerobic reactor and aerobic system and is able to efficiently reduce COD and BOD to meet discharge standards. The system can also effectively reduce greenhouse gases and has great potential for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT

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• BOD is chemical procedure to determine amount of dissolve oxygen, O2 needed by aerobic biological organism in water to break down organic material present in given water sample at certain temperature over specific time period.

• BOD unit = part per million (ppm)

• use for land application is below 5000ppm

BOD (Biochemical Oxygen demand)

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SOLID

SLUDGE PIT

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER TANK

ACIDIFICATION POND

MILL EFFLUENT

SEDIMENTATION POND

LIQUID

SOLID HOLDING TANK

AEROBIC POND

RAW POND 1

RAW POND 2RAW POND 3

PALM OIL MILL PROCESS FLOW

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• Effluent water from mill such as condensate, clarifier sludge, oil room and etc. will be collect in the sludge pit.• The effluent is about 60 – 70 % from mill. • The capacity here be measured by using flowmeter / ullage.• The raw material will be underflow from pond 1 until pond 3 • main function :1. to recover oil from sludge2. to cooling down the temperature of raw material

RAW POND

Parameter Measured :

Capacity : 2000mtPond Size : 27 X 30 X 4 (m)Retention Time : 5 dayspH : 3-4Pond Temp. : 50⁰C

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ACIDIFICATION POND

Parameter :

Capacity : 2500 mtPond Size : 37 X 30 X 3.5 (m) Retention Time : 24 hourspH : 5 - 6Pond Temp. : <32⁰C

Description :

• SOLID + RAW (ratio 1 : 1 )• 2 liquid combine ( from Sedimentation Pond + Raw Pond ) • To increase pH level by mixing material through acidification process.• the mixture of raw & solid are called ‘simple soluble food’ and act as bacteria food.

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Anaerobic Digester Tank

Parameter : Capacity : 2025 mtRetention Time : 25 daysPH : 7-7.5VFA : lower than 2000ppm

Description : • Byproduct = VFA, methane gas, CO2 & H2S• VFA need to be control to avoid bacteria inside become death.• if VFA PH• Solid will be maintained about 20%• Avoid present of oxygen• Breakdown effluent

• is a series of process in which microorganism break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen.

• used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste and/or to release energy.

• anaerobic digestion also reduces the emission of landfill into the atmosphere.

• it is a simple process that can greatly reduce the amount of organic metal which might otherwise be destined to be dumped at sea.

Anaerobic Digestion System

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ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PROCESSThere are four stages of anaerobic digestion:

1. Hydrolysis. to breakdown insoluble organic polymers such as carbohydrates and complex organic compounds like lipids and make them available for other bacteria. During this process, they are converted into simpler molecules like amino acids, sugar and fatty acids by the actions of extra-cellular enzymes from hydrolytic micro organisms.

2. Acidogenesis. Further breakdown occurs. The hydrolysis products are fermented, forming simpler organic compounds particularly volatile fatty acids (VFA) and also producing ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide as by-products.

Anaerobic Digestion System (Cont..)

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3. Acetogenesis. The simple molecules from acidogenesis are further digested by acetogens to produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen and mainly acetic acid. 4. Methanogenesis. During this process, the VFA are converted to methane, carbon dioxide and water produced by methanogens.

Anaerobic Digestion System (Cont..)

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Sedimentation Pond

Parameter : Capacity : 3000mtPond Size : 37 X 3 X 3.5 (m)Retention Time : 12 hoursPH : >7.5

Description :• It have multiple layer ( top = liquid, bottom = solid)• liquid will be pump into the aerobic pond• solid will be reuse in the acidification pond

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Aerobic Pond

Parameter : Capacity : 5000mtPond Size : 80 X 40 X 3.5 (m)Retention Time : 45 daysPH : 8Alkalinity : 4000 ppm

Description :• Bacteria activities will involve O2 consumption• As a holding pond before POME go to holding tank.• An aerobic stabilization pond contains bacteria & algae in suspension• Sunlight capable to reach the base of the pond cause the algae to exist.

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Holding Tank

Description :

• 60 to 70% of POME will be discharge from the plant.

• BOD must less than 5000ppm.

• pH must be less than 8

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Cause of System Failure

1. Shock loading - This can happen when the oil content in the effluent is substantially more than normal values either due to a spillage or failure of oil recovery from de-oiling tank. It can also happen when mills operate longer hours than normal.

2. Sudden starvation of organic loading

- Mill stops operation for a few days depriving the bacteria from having food.

3. Pumping out excess supernatant- This will reduce bacteria population.