Editorial Wireless Smart Sensor Networks, System, Trends, and … · 2019. 7. 30. · Used in Wireless Passive Pressure Sensor Readout System for High Temperature Application, Y

EditorialWireless Smart Sensor Networks, System, Trends, and theApplications in Engineering

Tinggui Chen,1 Gongfa Li,2 Jianjun Yang,3 and Honghai Liu4

1School of Computer and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China2College of Machinery and Automation, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China3Department of Computer Science, University of North Georgia, Oakwood, GA 30566, USA4Intelligent Systems and Biomedical Robotics Group, School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, UK

Correspondence should be addressed to Tinggui Chen; [email protected]

Received 5 July 2015; Accepted 15 July 2015

Copyright © 2016 Tinggui Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Smart environments based on Wireless Sensor Networksrepresent the next evolutionary development step in engi-neering, such as industrial automation, video surveillance,traffic monitoring, and robot control. Sensory data comefrommultiple networks of interconnected sensors with com-plex distributed locations. Wireless Sensor Networks areused in many civilian applications nowadays. On the otherside, the high volume demands of human civilization andsociety progress have given giant feedback to wireless sensornetworks.

The main objective of this special issue is to present theoriginal research and review articles on the latest theoreticaland practical achievements that will contribute to the fieldof Wireless Smart Sensor Networks and the applications inengineering.

The special issue received 36 high quality submissionsfrom different countries all over the world. All submittedmanuscripts have followed the same standard (peer-reviewedby at least three independent reviewers) as applied to regularones to this journal. Inevitably, difficult decisions had tobe made, and some high-quality submissions could notbe included. The primary guideline was to demonstrateWireless Smart Sensor Networks System and Trends. Besides,some novel research questions from different applications inengineering that are worthy of further investigation in thefuture are also included.

In the paper titled “Wireless Passive Temperature SensorRealized on Multilayer HTCC Tapes for Harsh Environ-ment,” Q. Tan et al. design and fabricate a wireless passivetemperature sensor realized on multilayer HTCC tapes.Alumina ceramic used as the substrate of the sensor isfabricated by lamination and sintering techniques, and thepassive resonant circuit constituted of a planar spiral inductorand a parallel plate capacitor is printed and formed on thesubstrate by screen printing and postfiring processes. Sincethe permittivity of the ceramic becomes higher as tempera-ture rises, the resonant frequency of the sensor decreases dueto the increasing capacitance of the circuit. Measurementson the input impedance versus the resonant frequency of thesensor are achieved based on the principle, and discussionsare made according to the exacted relative permittivity ofthe ceramic and quality factor (Q) of the sensor withinthe temperature range from 19∘C (room temperature) to900∘C. The results show the sensor demonstrates good hightemperature characteristics and wide temperature range.

In the paper titled “Key Updating Methods forCombinatorial Design based KeyManagement Schemes,” W.Liu and X. Chonghuan focus on how to update the key usedin combinatorial design based key management schemes forWSNs. In order to better introduce combinatorial design,they give an example of Unital design and its mappingto key predistribution for WSNs. Then they propose twokey updating methods for the Unital design based key

Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of SensorsVolume 2016, Article ID 1526153, 3 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1526153

2 Journal of Sensors

management scheme, one is distributed and the other isgroup based. The key updating methods can be generalizedinto other combinatorial design based key managementschemes and the group based key updating method can bemodified to a self-healing version easily. They conduct theperformance analysis on the two proposed methods fromthree aspects: storage, computation, and communicationoverhead. As the essence of updating keys for combinatorialdesign based key management schemes is the same as thatof the Unital design based key management scheme, theirtwo key updating methods can be generalized into othercombinatorial design based key management schemes.

In the paper titled “Mutton Traceability Method Basedon Internet of Things,” Z.-X. Li et al. propose the foodtraceability application model, Petri network model of foodtraceability, and food traceability of time series data ofimproved 𝐾-means algorithm based on Internet of Things.The food traceability application model to convert, integrate,and mine the heterogeneous information, implementationof the food safety traceability information management, andPetri network model for food traceability in the process ofthe state transition are analyzed and simulated and provide atheoretical basis to study the behavior described in the foodtraceability system and structural design.The experiments onsimulation data show that the proposed traceability methodbased on Internet of Things is more effective for muttontraceability data than the traditional𝐾-means methods.

In the paper titled “A Cross-layer Wireless Sensor Net-work Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Real-TimeMonitoring of the Long-Distance Electric TransmissionLines,” J. Yu and X. Zhang propose a linear hierarchicalnetwork topological structure specific to WSN energy con-servation in environmental monitoring of the long-distanceelectric transmission lines in the smart grid. Based on thetopological structural characteristics and optimization ofnetwork layers, the paper also proposes a Topological Struc-ture Layered Configurations (TSLC) routing algorithm toimprove the quality of WSN data transmission performance.Coprocessing of the network layer and the Media AccessControl (MAC) layer is achieved by using the cross-layerdesign method accessing the status cross-layer of the nodesin the network layer and obtaining the status of the networknodes of the MAC layer. It efficiently saves the energy of thewhole network, improves the quality of the network serviceperformance, and prolongs the life cycle of the network.

In the paper titled “Energy Efficient Wireless SensorNetwork Modelling Based on Complex Networks,” X. Linet al. consider the network topology optimization basedon complex network theory to solve the energy efficiencyproblem of WSN. They propose the energy efficient modelof WSN according to the basic principle of small worldfrom complex networks. Small world network not only hasclustering features that are similar to that of the rules of thenetwork but also has similarity with random networks ofsmall average path length. It can be utilized to optimize theenergy efficiency of the whole network. Optimal number ofmultiple sink nodes of the WSN topology is given for energyefficiency. Then the hierarchical clustering analysis is usedfor the sensor nodes and pick up the sink nodes from the

sensor nodes as the clustering head. Meanwhile, the updateof the WSN when the death of certain sink node happenedcan cause the paralysis of network. Simulation results verifythe energy efficiency of the proposed model and validate theupdating of the sink nodes to ensure the normal operation ofthe WSN.

In the paper titled “A Distance Compensated ApproachUsed in Wireless Passive Pressure Sensor Readout Systemfor High Temperature Application,” Y. Hong et al. proposea distance compensated measurement system for a wire-less passive sensor based on the high temperature cofiredceramics (HTCC) applied to high temperature environment.The sensor model is provided and fabricated. Additionally,a telemetric measurement system which consists of readoutinstrumentation and a heat insulation unit is described due tothe thickness of heat insulation material between the sensorand readout unit’s inductance coils in high temperature test-ing environment. Consideration of the leakage inductanceand parasitic parameters which depend on the couplingdistance is equivalent to the thickness of heat insulationmaterial, and a distance compensated method is presented.The compensation is based on the mathematical feature ofthe testing results from readout unit which show us infor-mation about the relation between the extracted resonantfrequencies. This method can be used simply and reliablyin the other telemetric mutual inductance coupling readoutsystem as a viable solution to compensate the couplingdistance related error when inductive coupling is varied. Ithas been experimentally tested, and the results are in goodagreement with those measured by a reference impedanceanalysis instrument. Theoretical explanations, experimentalresults, and discussion are reported.

In another paper, the research of G. Liu et al. titled“Research on an Improved Method for Permanent Mag-net Synchronous Motor” proposes an improved method ofPMSM control. The active disturbance rejection controller(ADRC) is designed for speed loop. Then, in order tooptimize ADRC controller, the least squares support vectormachines (LSSVM) optimal regression model is derivedand successfully embedded in the ADRC controller. ADRCobservation precision and dynamic response of the systemare improved. The load disturbances’ effect on the system isreduced to a large extent.The system’s anti-interference abilityis further improved. Finally, different sensors sampling cur-rent, voltage, and rotor speed are used to finish experimentalvalidation.

In the paper titled “Efficient and Adaptive Node Selec-tion for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network,” J.Feng et al. propose an efficient and adaptive node selectionapproach for tracking a target in a distributed wireless sensornetwork. The proposed approach combines the distance-based node selection strategy and particle filter predictionconsidering the spatial correlation of the different sensingnodes. Moreover, a joint distance weighted measurementis proposed to estimate the information utility of sensingnodes. Experimental results show that EANS outperformedthe state-of-the-art approaches by reducing the energy costand computational complexity and guaranteeing the trackingaccuracy.

Journal of Sensors 3

In the paper titled “Nine Tiles Model Construction andCache of CGML in Mobile,” A. Zhang et al. put forward theconstruction mechanism of nine tiles model and cache orga-nization of CGML spatial data in mobile terminals abidedby nine tiles model. The model and method can monitorthe map operation in mobile terminals at any moment, andthey also can query and transfer map cache data ahead oftime by reacting to the change of mobile map browsing.Thusmobile devices can read local CGML vector data directly inthe memory for visualization, and they can accelerate thevelocity of mobile cartography. This way of organization andmanagement of mobile spatial data is good to increase theefficiency of heavy spatial data accessing in the low band andreliability of wireless network environment.

The study of Wireless Smart Sensor Networks, system,trends, and the applications in engineering is still in its earlystage. This special issue demonstrates the theoretical andpractical importance of further studies in it.

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to all of the authorsfor their contributions and the reviewers for their effortproviding valuable comments and feedback. We hope thisspecial issue offers a comprehensive and timely view of thearea of Wireless Smart Sensor Networks, system, trends,and the applications in engineering and hope it will offerstimulation for further research.

Tinggui ChenGongfa Li

Jianjun YangHonghai Liu

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Editorial Wireless Smart Sensor Networks, System, Trends, and … · 2019. 7. 30. · Used in Wireless Passive Pressure Sensor Readout System for High Temperature Application, Y