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saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebismiRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVEDDECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi

Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da

molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi.

The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within theCapacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project.

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSorisoganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansurimxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International DevelopmentCooperation Agency

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samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: vladimer papavaaleqsandre rondelikaxa gogolaSvilimerab kakulia

Mentors: Vladimer PapavaAlexander RondeliKakha GogolashviliMerab Kakulia

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebiskvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri,

maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2013 weli

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may bereproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2013 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

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p r o e q t i s S e s a x e b

programa ,,saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrdagadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi” miznad isaxavs daexmarossaqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis daZlevaSi. proeqtiiTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebiswarmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikisdasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrovemidgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramedsaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas.proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove midgomebisSesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagento(SIDA) da axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevisfondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS-is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaroadministraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (EDK).

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic arisangariSvaldebuli da iTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa,programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sferoSi qarTuli mmarTvelobisSesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamWvirvaleda iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqarTvelossaxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas dasaxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT warmoCndessaerTaSoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso organizaciebTanurTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba oTxi wlis manZilze (2009-2013 ww.).

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making andNegotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges.This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets,proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle levelpublic servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policydevelopment and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration andpublic policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues ofnational importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportiveof principles of gender and diversity equality.

The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). TheGeorgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners -the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School ofDiplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program.

The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting theneeds of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian governmentcapacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to thechanging circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation amongthe Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations.

The program is implemented during four years (2009 – 2013).

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`erTi fanjris~ principis gamoyeneba eleqtronuliservisebis ganviTarebisTvis

nata goderZiSvili

r e z i u m e

winamdebare politikis dokumentis mizans warmoadgens warmoaCinos saqarTveloSieleqtronuli mmarTvelobis `erTi fanjris~ principis danergvis winaSe arsebulisirTuleebi da gamowvevebi, gaanalizos eleqtronuli servisebis xelmisawvdomobiszrdis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi da ganixilos saqarTveloSi eleqtronulimmarTvelobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi.

politikis analizis dokumentSi gadmocemulia saqarTveloSi eleqtronulimmarTvelobis ganviTarebis mokle istoriuli, samarTlebrivi da instituciurieqskursi, sajaro seqtoris mxridan eleqtronuli servisebis xelmisawvdomobis zrdistendenciebi, saxelmwifosa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris eleqtronuli, onlain-interaqciebiT urTierTobis gaumjobesebis perspeqtivebi; ganxilulia `erTi fanjris~principis danergvis winapirobebi, misi mniSvneloba, xelSemSleli politikuri,samarTlebrivi, organizaciuli da sxva mizezebi; aseve Sefasebulia eleqtronulimmarTvelobis danergvisas warmatebis momtani faqtorebi.

naSromSi gamovlenilia saxelmwifo eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani portalis,rogorc `erTi fanjris~ principis servisebis miwodebis mTavari platformisganviTarebis Semaferxebeli mizezebi, ganxilulia problemis gadaWris strategiuligzebi (sakanonmdeblo regulireba, strategiis SemuSaveba, individualuriTanamSromlobiTi meqanizmebis danergva), xolo TiToeuli alternativis Sedegianobis,xarjianobis, Zlieri da susti mxareebis, SesaZleblobebisa da riskebis SefasebissafuZvelze gamovlenilia upiratesi alternativa – eleqtronuli servisebis `erTifanjris~ principiT ganviTarebisaTvis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSaveba. upiratesialternativis SerCevisas aseve gaTvaliswinebul iqna `teqnologiurad pioneri~ qveynebis(rogoricaa estoneTi, fineTi, avstria, korea, singapuri) warmatebis magaliTebi,ganxorcielda saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis analizi, Sefasda saqarTvelosa damsoflioSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis danergvis procesSi arsebuli sirTuleebi dagamowvevebi.

naSromSi aseve ganxilulia SerCeuli alternativis ganxorcielebisaTvismizanSewonili da aucilebeli qmedebebi, Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi konkretuliuflebamosili uwyebebis mimarT da daskvnis saxiT mocemulia eleqtronuli servisebis`erTi fanjris~ principiT miwodebis prioritetuli mniSvnelobis Sejameba da SerCeulialternativis upiratesobis dasabuTeba.

politikis analizis dokumenti mniSvnelovnad daexmareba yvela im dainteresebulpirs Tu saxelmwifo organos, romlis kompetenciaSic Sedis eleqtronuli servisebisxelmisawvdomobis zrdis uzrunvelyofa, ufro konkretulad ki – eleqtronuliservisebis erTiani portalis koncefciis SemuSaveba da misi Semdgomi danergva.

naSromis aqtualobas aseve ganapirobebs is faqti, rom eleqtronuli servisebiserTiani portali dResdReobiT mxolod Camoyalibebis sawyis mdgomareobaSia da misiwarmatebiT ganviTareba saqarTvelos mTavrobis dRis wesrigSi erT-erT prioritetulmimarTulebas warmoadgens. naSromSi Camoyalibebuli msjelobebi da argumentirebuli

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daskvnebi xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebazepasuxismgebel uwyebebs, rom maT eleqtronuli servisebis `erTi fanjris~ principiTmiwodeba saqarTveloSi realobad aqcion.

winamdebare politikis analizis dokumentis mizans warmoadgens warmoaCinossaqarTveloSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ,,erTi fanjris” principis danergvis winaSearsebuli sirTuleebi da gamowvevebi, gaanalizos eleqtronuli servisebisxelmisawvdomobis zrdis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi da ganixilos saqarTveloSieleqtronuli mmarTvelobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi.

politikis analizis dokumentSi gadmocemulia saqarTveloSi eleqtronulimmarTvelobis ganviTarebis mokle istoriuli, samarTlebrivi da instituciurieqskursi, sajaro seqtoris mxridan eleqtronuli servisebis xelmisawvdomobis zrdistendenciebi, saxelmwifosa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris eleqtronuli, onlaininteraqciebiT urTierTobis gaumjobesebis perspeqtivebi; ganxilulia ,,erTi fanjris”principis danergvis winapirobebi, misi mniSvneloba, xelSemSleli politikuri,samarTlebrivi, organizaciuli da sxva mizezebi, aseve Sefasebulia eleqtronulimmarTvelobis danergvisas warmatebis momtani faqtorebi.

naSromSi gamovlenilia saxelmwifo eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani portalis,rogorc ,,erTi fanjris~ principiT servisebis miwodebis mTavari platformisganviTarebis Semaferxebeli mizezebi, ganxilulia problemis gadaWris strategiuligzebi (sakanonmdeblo regulireba, strategiis SemuSaveba, individualuriTanamSromlobiTi meqanizmebis danergva), xolo TiToeuli alternativis Sedegianobis,xarjianobis, Zlieri da susti mxareebis, SesaZleblobebisa da riskebis SefasebissafuZvelze gamovlenilia upiratesi alternativa – eleqtronuli servisebis ,,erTifanjris~ principiT ganviTarebisaTvis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSaveba. upiratesialternativis SerCevisas aseve gaTvaliswinebul iqna ,,teqnologiurad pioneri~qveynebis (rogoricaa estoneTi, fineTi, avstria, korea, singapuri) warmatebismagaliTebi, ganxorcielda saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis analizi, SefasdasaqarTvelosa da msoflioSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis danergvis procesSi arsebulisirTuleebi da gamowvevebi.

naSromSi aseve ganxilulia SerCeuli alternativis ganxorcielebisaTvismizanSewonili da aucilebeli qmedebebi, Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi konkretuliuflebamosili uwyebebis mimarT da daskvnis saxiT mocemulia eleqtronuli servisebis,,erTi fanjris~ principiT miwodebis prioritetuli mniSvnelobis Sejameba daaRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad SerCeuli alternativis upiratesobis dasabuTeba.

politikis analizis dokumenti mniSvnelovnad daexmareba yvela im dainteresebulpirs Tu saxelmwifo organos, romlis kompetenciaSic Sedis eleqtronuli servisebisxelmisawvdomobis zrdis uzrunvelyofa, ufro konkretulad ki – eleqtronuliservisebis erTiani portalis koncefciis SemuSaveba da misi Semdgomi danergva.

naSromis aqtualobas aseve ganapirobebs is faqti, rom eleqtronuli servisebiserTiani portali dResdReobiT mxolod Camoyalibebis sawyis mgdomareobaSi arsebobsda misi warmatebiT ganviTareba saqarTvelos mTavrobis dRis wesrigSi erT-erTprioritetul mimarTulebas warmoadgens. naSromSi warmodgenili msjelobebi daargumentirebuli daskvnebi xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobisganviTarebaze pasuxismgebel uwyebebs, raTa maT eleqtronuli servisebis ,,erTifanjris~ principiT miwodeba saqarTveloSi realobad aqcion.

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S e s a v a l i

Tanamedrove informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebam adamianebiscxovrebis saerTo suraTi radikalurad Secvala. cifruli revoluciis mraval dadebiTSedegebs Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs eleqtronul mmarTvelobas, romelicefeqtiani saSualebaa mTavrobis mxridan moqalaqeebis/biznesis saWiroebebis efeqtianadda droulad dakmayofilebisaTvis, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs qveyanaSidemokratiuli procesebis kidev ufro aqtiurad ganviTarebas.

zogadad, eleqtronuli mmarTveloba aris saxelmwifos neba, gamoiyenosTanamedrove informaciul-sakomunikacio saSualebebi, raTa mTavrobis momsaxurebagaxados ufro efeqtiani, moqnili da advilad xelmisawvdomi.

eleqtronuli mmarTveloba moicavs:

samTavrobo informaciis advilad xelmisawvdomobas;

moqalaqeebis CarTulobas saxelmwifoebrivi gadawyvetilebebis miRebisprocesSi administraciul organoebTan uSualo kontaqtis gziT;

mTavrobis gamWvirvalobas misi saqmianobis maqsimalurad gamWvirvaledwarmoCenis gziT;

interaqtiurobas, romlis meSveobiTac ixsneba sazRvrebi qalaqebisa dasoflebis mosaxleobisaTvis da maT Tanabar SesaZleblobas aZlevsonlainreJimSi miiRon samTavrobo momsaxureba naklebi droisa da finansebisdanaxarjebiT.

eleqtronuli mmarTveloba kargi mmarTvelobis mimarTulebis/sajaroadministrirebis ganuyofel nawilad moiazreba.1 sajaro administrirebis reformirebisprocesSi eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobas mniSvnelovani funqciuridatvirTva aqvs, vinaidan Tanamedrove pirobebSi warmoudgenelia saxelmwifosa da

biznesis (G2B), saxelmwifosa da moqalaqis (G2C) Tu saxelmwifos organoebs (G2G) Soris

urTierToba eleqtronuli interaqciis gareSe. eleqtronuli komunikaciis saSualebebi,erTi mxriv, mniSvnelovnad amartivebs da aumjobesebs saxelmwifos mier Tavisifunqciebis Sesrulebis process, xolo meore mxriv, zrdis sazogadoebis kmayofilebasada sandoobis xarisxs sajaro seqtoris mimarT.

eleqtronuli mmarTveloba ar aris mxolod ganviTarebuli qveynebismmarTvelobis formisTvis damaxasiaTebeli procesi. xSir SemTxvevebSi vxvdebiT iseTmagaliTebs, rodesac Tanamedrove informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebisgamoyeneba ufro aqtiurad xdeba ganviTarebad qveynebSi, romlebic eswrafvian danergoneleqtronuli mmarTveloba da am mimarTulebiT Cadgnen mowinave qveynebis rigSi.

saqarTvelos mTavroba ukanasknel wlebSi sul ufro aqtiurad iyenebsinformaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebs sajaro administrirebis reformirebis

procesSi. eleqtronuli mmarTveloba, Ria mmarTveloba, pasuxismgebeli mTavroba,angariSvaldebuli mTavroba, momxmarebelze orientireba, saxelmwifo organoebis

1 “Understanding e-Governance for Development”, Electronic Journal on Information Technology in Developing Countries(EJISDC), Heeks, Richard. 2001. ix.:http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/untc/unpan001842.pdf . 24.06.2013.

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sajaroobis zrda da sajaro seqtorSi gamWvirvalobis danergva – yvela es principisaqarTvelos mTavrobis dRis wesrigis prioritetul mimarTulebad iqca.

saqarTvelos, rogorc msoflios erT-erT warmatebul reformator qveyanas,srulad aqvs gacnobierebuli eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebis mniSvneloba.2

Tanamedrove informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis saxelmwifosa da moqalaqes,saxelmwifosa da biznes Soris urTierTobis procesSi gamoyenebis done bolo ramdenimewelia ganuxrelad izrdeba, ramac Tavis Camoyalibebul saxes 2010-2012 wlebSi miaRwia3.

saqarTvelos mTavrobam informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis gamoyenebiTmravali axali tipis momsaxureba danerga, saqarTvelos eleqtronulma mmarTvelobammiznad daisaxa teqnologiuri miRwevebis gamoyenebiT mTavrobis efeqtianobis zrda,administraciuli reformireba da sajaro momsaxurebis gardaqmna.

eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis arsebuli ganviTarebis maRali donisa da miRwevebismiuxedavad, saqarTvelos samTavrobo seqtoris winaSe kvlav mravali gamowveva arsebobs.upirveles yovlisa aRsaniSnavia, rom eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis danergvasaqarTveloSi qaosurad mimdinareobs. administraciuli organoebi, maT Soristeqnologiuri kuTxiT mowinave reformatorebi, eleqtronul servisebsarakoordinirebulad da erTmaneTTan SeuTanxmeblad aviTareben, rasac saboloo jamSimivyavarT sakiTxebis dublirebasTan, teqnologiuri urTierTTavsebadobisararsebobasTan, sajaro resursebis araracionalurad xarjvasa da miRebuli Sedegebisxarisxisa da konkurentunarianobis riskebTan.

winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos samTavrobo seqtorSieleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebisaTvis ,,erTi fanjris” principis danergvisproblematikis Seswavlas, eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani vebportalis saSualebiTmiwodebisaTvis alternatiuli RonisZiebebis analizs da qveyanaSi arsebulimdgomareobisa da resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT saukeTeso politikis SerCevas.

kvlevisaTvis gamoyenebulia rogorc raodenobrivi, ise Tvisebrivi kvlevismeTodebi. ganxorcielda rogorc saqarTvelos, ise ucxo qveynebis samarTlebrivi damaregulirebeli bazis, strategiebisa da sxva oficialuri dokumentebis Seswavla,saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikisa da samecniero kvlevebis analizi, calkeulimagaliTebisa da gamocdilebis ganxilva, SemuSavda alternativebis ganxorcielebisxarjebis analizi, aseve gakeTda mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica.

p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a

2011-2012 wlebSi saqarTveloSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebisprioritetul mimarTulebad ganisazRvra eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani samTavrobo

eleqtronuli portalis – www.my.gov.ge-is (SemdgomSi – ,,erTiani portali”) Seqmna.4

2 2010 wlis monacemebiT, saqarTvelo 77-e adgilzea informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebisganviTarebis indeqsis mixedviT.

3 Measuring the Information Society, International Telecommunication Union (2011), pg.13.ix.: www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/backgrounders/general/pdf/5.pdf. 24.06.2013.4 ,,sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ monacemTa gacvlis saagentos Seqmnis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni,Tbilisi, 2009 wlis 17 ivlisi,ix.: https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=89662&lang=ge, 28.03.2013.

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,,erTi fanjris~ principi, romelic safuZvlad udevs erTiani portalis Seqmnas,saSualebas aZlevs momxmarebels saxlidan Tu samuSao adgilidan gausvlelad,distanciurad, ocdaoTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi, kviraSi Svidi dRe isargeblos sajaroseqtorSi arsebuli yvela eleqtronuli servisiT erTi vebgverdis meSveobiT.

erTiani portali 2012 wlis maisidan funqcionirebs da dResdReobiT masSiintegrirebulia 100-mde eleqtronuli servisi, romlebic momxmareblis komfortisaTvisdajgufebulia garkveuli saxeobebisa (piradi informacia, ojaxi, ganaTleba, jandacva,gadasaxadebi) da momxmarebelTa kategoriebis (fizikuri da iuridiuli piri) Sesabamisad.5

momxmarebels erTiani portalis saSualebiT aseve SeuZlia momsaxurebis safasuris dakomunaluri gadasaxdelebis dafarva eleqtronuli gadaxdebis saSualebiT.

erTiani portalis Semdgom ganviTarebas saqarTvelos samTavrobo struqturebSimravali xelSemSleli faqtori axlavs, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia qveyanaSi erTianimidgomis – ,,xedvis~ ararseboba, ,,steikholderebis~ mzadyofnisa da CarTulobisnakleboba, Zlieri politikuri xelmZRvanelobisa da koordinirebis simcire, uwyebebismxridan servisebze ,,mesakuTreobis~ dakargvis SiSi da a.S.

erTiani portalis samomavlo ganviTarebis Seferxeba, upirveles yovlisa,uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs eleqtronuli servisebis yvela momxmareblisTvis, vinaidanTiToeul momxmarebels mouwevs calkeuli servisis moZieba konkretuli servismimwodeblis vebgverdze, rac mzardi internetresursebis kvalobaze droisa da resursisaraefeqtian xarjvas iwvevs.

problema gansakuTrebiT mwvaved iCens Tavs im momxmareblebTan dakavSirebiT(magaliTad, studentebi, asakovani mosaxleoba, regionis macxovreblebi, ucxoelirezidentebi), romlebic ar arian saTanadod gaTviTcnobierebuli saxelmwifostruqturebSi, maT uflebamosilebebsa da ierarqiaSi, aseve ar floben informaciasTiToeuli sajaro dawesebuleba ra saxeobis eleqtronul serviss sTavazobs, rogormiiRon es servisi da romeli vebportalis saSualebiT. im dros, roca ,,erTi fanjris~principis ganxorcielebiT erTiani portali yvela arsebuli eleqtronuli servisisxelmisawvdomobas uzrunvelyofs da Sesabamisad, momxmarebelma swored am erTianiportalis Sesaxeb informacia unda daimaxsovros.

erTiani portalis Semdgomi ganuviTarebloba uaryofiT gavlenas axdenseleqtronuli servisebis mimwodebel uwyebebzec, vinaidan individualurad eleqtronuliservisebis miwodebis arakoordinirebuli midgomiT maTve eqmnebaT erTmaneTTaninteraqciis problema da SemdgomSi sistemebis urTierTTavsebadobisTvis damatebiTiresursebis xarjva uxdebaT.

erTiani portalis funqcionalis gafarToeba da misi srulyofilad amuSavebawarmoudgenelia ,,ZiriTadi moTamaSeebis~ – eleqtronuli servisebis mimwodebeliorganoebis _ aqtiuri kontribuciis gareSe. mTavar steikholderebs am mimarTulebiTwarmoadgenen iseTi uwyebebi, rogoricaa horizontalur doneze – saministroebi da maTiqvedanayofebi, xolo vertikalur doneze – adgilobrivi municipalitetebi.

erTiani portalis Seqmna da misi Semdgomi ganviTareba araerTgvarovandamokidebulebas iwvevs TviT ZiriTad steikholderebSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom TiToeul

5 eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani samTavrobo eleqtronuli portalis administrirebasa da marTvasaxorcielebs saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros ssip. monacemTa gacvlis saagento. ix.: www.my.gov.ge/public28.03.2013, 28.03.2013.

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maTgans gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvs erTiani portalis Seqmnis aucilebloba, esmismniSvneloba, eTanxmeba mis upiratesobas sxvadasxva uwyebis mier eleqtronuli servisebisdamoukideblad ganviTarebis politikasTan SedarebiT, aseve iTvaliswinebs, romaRniSnuli midgoma warmoadgens saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikas,6 samwuxarod, Tavsikavebs TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobisgan.

steikholderebis mxridan aseTi ,,kritikuli~ damokidebuleba ganpirobebulia oriZiriTadi faqtoriT: jer erTi, sajaro uwyebebis zogierTi warmomadgeneli eleqtronulimomsaxurebis vebportalze integracias aRiqvams, rogorc ,,sakuTar~ serviszeuflebamosilebis dakargvas da Sesabamisad ,,politikuri~ Zalauflebis Sesustebas. meoreaseve mniSvnelovani faqtori, rac steikholderebis arsebul damokidebulebasganapirobebs, aris xelmZRvanelobis mxridan erTian portalze servisebis integraciismkafio davalebis an/da maregulirebeli moTxovnis ararseboba.

erTiani portalis ganviTarebisaTvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemas regionuldoneze servisebis integracia warmoadgens. Tuki centraluri mmarTvelobis organoebimet-naklebi aqtiurobiT CarTuli arian servisebis integraciis procesSi, jer kidevmniSvnelovani sirTuleebia vertikaluri integraciis kuTxiT. qveynis masStabiT mxolodTbilisis municipalitets aqvs realizebuli eleqtronuli servisebi,7 xolo regionulimunicipalitetebis udidesi nawili vebservisebis Seqmnis mxolod sawyis etapzea, rasacemateba kvalificiuri teqnikuri personalis seriozuli deficiti da dasaqmebulTakompiuteruli wignierebis dabali done.

erTiani portalis ganviTarebis saqmeSi jerjerobiT arc qveynis masStabiTbiznesseqtoris CarTuloba arsebobs. eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi wamyvaniqveynebis saukeTeso praqtika aCvenebs,8 rom saintegracio platformis xelmisawvdomobisada kargad organizebuli sajaro informaciis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, biznesidanSesaZlebelia mravali axali mobiluri da vebservisis Seqmna, rac saxelmwifosTvisxarjebis seriozuli dazogvis wyaroa, xolo biznesisTvis swraf ganviTarebas da mogebasuzrunvelyofs.

,,erTi fanjris~ principis danergvisa da warmatebiT amoqmedebisaTvis mTavrobismier gadadgmuli nabijebi arasakmarisi aRmoCnda. erTi mxriv, monacemTa gacvlissaagentos saxelmwifos mxridan sakanonmdeblo doneze mieca uflebamosilebaeleqtronuli servisebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelsayofad da monacemTa gacvliserTiani infrastruqturis Sesaqmnelad, Tumca, meore mxriv, aRsrulebis meqanizmis,samoqmedo gegmisa da gasatarebel RonisZiebebze ZiriTad moTamaSeebTan koordinacia-kooperaciis sqemis ararsebobam Sedegad mogvca portalis srulyofilad amoqmedebisSeyovneba drosa da masStabebSi.

erTiani portalis funqcionalis srulyofilad amoqmedebas xeli SeuSalasaxelmwifos mxridan sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amaRlebis arasaTanado daarakoordinirebulma aqtiurobam. eleqtronuli piradobis mowmobis moqalaqeebisaTvis

6 estoneTis eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani portali, ix.: http://e-estonia.com/e-estonia/how-we-got-here26.03.2013; agreTve belgiis eleqtronuli servisebis vebgverdi, ix.: www.belgium.be/en, 28.03.2013.7 Tbilisis meriis eleqtronuli vebgverdi, ix.: http://new.tbilisi.gov.ge 26.03.2013.8 European Commission Communication “The European e Government Action Plan 2011-2015 Harnessing ICT to promote smart,sustainable & innovative Government”, Brussels, 2010,ix.: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0743:EN:NOT, 28.03.2013.

13

gadacemisas ar moმxdara maTi informireba eleqtronuli mowmobiT eleqtronuli

servisebis xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania isic, rom masmediiT erTianiportalis reklamirebam sazogadoeba ufro daabnia, vidre miawoda informacia damoaxdina portalis popularizacia.9

erTiani portalis funqcionalis srulyofilad amoqmedebis xelSemSlelfaqtorad mogvevlina saxelmwifos mxridan miRebuli gadawyvetileba _ portalzemomxmareblis registraciis erTaderT saSualebad eleqtronuli piradobis gansazRvra,ramac, miuxedavad misi usafrTxoebisa, Tavidanve avtomaturad Seamcira portalismomxmarebelTa raodenoba im dros, roca saukeTeso praqtika portalze registraciisa damomxmareblis avTentifikaciis aprobirebul saSualebad momxmareblis saxelisa daparolis meSveobiT registracias an/da mobiluri aplikaciebis gamoyenebas aRiarebs.10

p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i( a l t e r n a t i v e b i )

,,erTi fanjris~ principiT eleqtronuli servisebis miwodeba warmatebulia, TukierTian portals bevri momxmarebeli hyavs da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba aqtiurad arisCarTuli produqtis Seqmnisa da gamoyenebis procesSi.11

saqarTveloSi erTiani portali eleqtronuli servisebis unikaluri,,navsayudeli~ rom gaxdes, amisaTvis man eleqtronul sivrceSi mravalferovani,praqtikuli, aqtiurad gamoyenebadi da yovlismomcveli servisebi unda SesTavazosmomxmarebels.12

erTian portalze ganTavsebuli unda iyos saxelmwifo organoebSi arsebuliyvela eleqtronuli servisi; igi saSualebas unda aZlevdes momxmarebels portalzeonlainformebis SevsebiT, administraciul organoebSi misvlis gareSe moiTxovos damiiRos saWiro momsaxureba, sajaro informacia, daubrkolebliv ganaxorcieloseleqtronuli transaqciebi, waradginos saCivrebi administraciuli organoebiswinaaRmdeg. portalze xelmisawvdomi unda iyos saxelmwifo organoebis mier miRebuligadawyvetilebebi, sazogadoebrivi interesis Semcveli cnobebi.13

9erTiani portalis Sesaxeb sareklamo rgolebi, ix.: www.youtube.com/user/geeglachannel 28.03.2013.10 Administration on the Net “The ABC guide of E-Government in Austria”, Vienna, September 2011, ISBN 978-3-200-02352-9.11 magaliTad, avstriis moqalaqis portals yoveldRiurad 17 000 momxmarebeli hyavs, portalzeganTavsebulia 350 servisi, 200 cxovrebiseuli SemTxveva, aseve 1 000 eleqtronulad Sesavsebi forma,mimarTva, gancxadeba. portali aerTianebs 110 000 vebgverds, romelic xelmisawvdomia portalzeerTjeradad registraciis saSualebiT, aseve dafiqsirebulia 300 kiTxva-pasuxis SemTxveva.ix.: www.help.gv.at/Portal.Node/hlpd/public 05.04.2013.12 magaliTad, singapuris SemTxvevaSi, romelic iTvleba eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebis doniTpionerad mTel msoflioSi, ,,erTi fanjris~ principiT mTavroba moqalaqeebs sTavazobs daaxloebiT 1 600-mde eleqtronul serviss da 300-mde mobilur serviss. singapuris eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis mastergegma2011-2015 ix.: www.egov.gov.sg/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=4f9e71be-fe35-432a-9901-ab3279b92342&groupId=1015705.04.2013.13 moldovis mTavrobis kanonqvemdebare aqtiT sajaro momsaxurebis erTiani saxelmwifo portaliganmartebulia, rogorc `saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli eleqtronuli platforma, romelic aerTianebssaxelmwifo centraluri organoebisa da maTdami daqvemdebarebuli struqturuli erTeulebis mierganTavsebul eleqtronul servisebs~. ix.: Постановление правительства об ,,Учреждении и администрированииединого правительственного портала публичных услуг” нр. 330 от 28.05.2012, Республика Молдоваhttp://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=343406&lang=2 05.04.2013.

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erTiani portali eleqtronuli komerciisa da eleqtronuli jandacvismomsaxurebis integrirebis14 saSualebasac unda iZleodes.

erTiani portalis funqcionalis gaumjobesebisa da koncefciis srulyofis

mizniT, ganvixiloT ramdenime alternativa:

1. eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSavebaeleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSaveba

problemis mogvarebis realur da Sedegismomcem alternativad SeiZleba ganvixiloT.15

strategiam saxelmwifos mxridan eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebismniSvnelobis deklarireba unda moaxdinos.16 aRiarebuli unda iyos saxelmwifos uryevineba sajaro administrirebis reformirebis procesSi sazogadoebis interesebismaqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyenos Tanamedrove informaciul-sakomunikacioteqnologiebis miRwevebi.

strategiaSi erTmniSvnelovnad unda dafiqsirdes mTavrobis SeTanxmeba17

saxelmwifo eleqtronul servisebze wvdomis erTaderT legitimur meqanizmad erTianiportalis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, strategiaSi ganxiluli unda iyos erTianiportalis ganviTarebisaTvis Semdegi mniSvnelovani RonisZiebebi:

sazogadoebaSi yvelaze moTxovnadi servisebis gamosavlenad kvlevis Catareba;18

erTian portalze gansaTavsebeli informaciis, servisebis dasaxelebis,CamonaTvalisa da Sinaarsis gansazRvra;

servisebis wvdomis saSualebad eleqtronul piradobis mowmobasTan erTad,mobiluri aplikaciebisa da infosakomunikacio teqnologiebis sxva TanamedrovesaSualebebis gamoyeneba;19

uwyebebis mixedviT eleqtronuli (aseve SemuSavebis procesSi arsebuli)servisebis integraciis konkretuli samoqmedo gegma;

14 aRniSnuli midgomis gaTvaliswinebiT momxmarebels `erTi fanjris~ principiT sajaro seqtorisservisebTan erTad kerZo seqtoris momsaxurebiT sargeblobac unda SeeZlos. magaliTad, estoneTiserTiani eleqtronuli portali, romelic moicavs eleqtronuli biznesisa da eleqtronulijandacvis momsaxurebebsac. ix.: http://e-estonia.com/ 05.04.2013.15 msgavsi strategiebis miReba msoflios mraval wamyvan qveyanaSia aprobirebuli. magaliTad, avstraliissaxelmwifo servisebisa da informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebis strategia 2012-2015 ww., ix.: www.finance.gov.au/publications/ict_strategy_2012_2015/docs/APS_ICT_Strategy.pdf 05.04.2013; agreTveSotlandiis centraluri xelisuflebis cifruli momavlis – sajaro servisebis xelmiswvdomobisstrategia 2012-2015 ww., ix.: www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0041/00414287.pdf 05.04.2013.16 strategiis miRebis mTavari mizania saxelmwifos nebis gamoxatva da samoqmedo gegmis SemuSaveba, imisaTvisrom saxelmwifom sazogadoebas miawodos sazogadoebiv moTxovnebze morgebuli gamartivebulieleqtronuli servisebi daubrkolebliv da avtomaturad `erTi fanjris~ principis gamoyenebiT.17 strategiis SemuSavebis procesSi uzrunvelyofili unda iyos saxelmwifo xelisuflebis (rogorccentraluri, ise adgilobrivi) organoebis farTomasStabiani monawileoba. SemuSavebis procesSi aseveCarTuli unda iyvnen dargis adgilobrivi da ucxoeli eqspertebi, biznesisa da arasamTavroboorganizaciaTa warmomadgenlebi.18 mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam icodes sazogadoebis mxridan romeli servisebia yvelazemoTxovnadi da mxolod amis Semdeg moaxdinos maTi cifrul reJimSi gadayvana da erTian portalzeganTavseba. msgavs politikas atarebs singapuris mTavroba. singapuris eleqtronuli mmarTvelobismastergegma 2011-2015,ix.: www.egov.gov.sg/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=4f9e71be-fe35-432a-9901-ab3279b92342&groupId=10157 05.04.2013.19 eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis kuTxiT wamyvani saxelmwifoebis umravlesoba eleqtronul servisebzemisawvdomad iyenebs mobilur teqnologiebs. aseTi qveynebis magaliTebia estoneTi, avstria, irlandia,Sotlandia, singapuri, avstralia da sxv.

15

erTiani portalis popularizaciisTvis sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebisRonisZiebebis dagegmva;

erTiani portalis gansaviTareblad mudmivmoqmedi uwyebaTaSorisiTanamSromlobiTi meqanizmebis Camoyalibeba.

2. sakanonmdeblo regulireba.erTiani portalis saSualebiT eleqtროnuli servisebis miwodebis procedura,

portalis momxmareblebis, servisis mimwodeblebisa da administrirebis wesebi moqmedikanonmdeblobiT dauregulirebelia, es samarTlebrivi vakuumi ki axali sakanonmdebloaqtiT unda Seivsos.

erTiani portalis ganviTarebisaTvis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis SemoRebasaerTaSoriso aprobirebul meqanizms warmoadgens.20 am alternativis ganxorcielebaSesaZlebelia axali sakanonmdeblo aqtis inicirebiT.21

kanonproeqtiT detalurad unda daregulirdes erTiani portalisfunqcionirebis meqanizmi, ganisazRvros misi, rogorc eleqtronuli servisebis `erTifanjris~ principiT miwodebis erTaderTi legitimuri saxelmwifo portalis, statusi.aseve ganisazRvros administraciuli organoebis kanonismieri valdebuleba erTianportalze informaciis/servisebis ganTavsebis, ganaxlebis, da damatebis Sesaxeb da sxvasavaldebulod Sesasrulebeli moTxovnebi.22

3. individualuri TanamSromlobiTi meqanizmebis gamoyenebა.es alternativa gulisxmobs erTiani portalis gansaviTareblad monacemTa

gacvlis saagentosa da steikholderebs Soris individualur sawyisebze SeTanxmebebismiRwevas.

alternativebis Sefaseba

pirveli alternativa:

Zlieri mxare: strategiis `politikuri~ wona;23 samoqmedo gegma zrdisstrategiiT dagegmili aqtivobebis droSi Sesrulebis albaTobas.

20 magaliTisaTvis davasaxelebT avstriis samarTlebriv aqts – `biznesportalis gamoyenebis wesebisa dapirobebis Sesaxeb~ (“Nutzungsbedingungen für das Unternehmensserviceportal www.usp.gv.at”). ix.:www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2009_I_52/BGBLA_2009_I_52.html 05.04.2013; agreTve moldoveTismTavrobis gadawyvetilebas – Постановление правительства об ,,Утверждении Положения об администрированииконтента единого правительственного портала публичных услуг и интеграции электронных публичных услуг в портал”нр. 657 от 05.09.2012, Республика Молдоваhttp://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=344701&lang=2 05.04.2013.21 inicirebul sakanonmdeblo aqts pirobiTad SesaZloa vuwodoT `saxelmwifo eleqtronuli servisebisSesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni an `eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni, romlis erT-erTi mTavari nawili eleqtronuli servisebis `erTi fanjris~ principiT miwodebis koncefcia iqneba.22 aseT moTxovnad SesaZloa ganvixiloT administraciuli organoebis mxridan kanonismieri valdebulebisSesasruleblad konkretuli TanamSromlis/TanamSromlebis identificireba, romlis/romelTakompetenciaSic Seva Sesabamisi uwyebebis eleqtronuli servisebis integracia erTian portalze samoqmedogegmiT gansazRvrul vadaSi da SemuSavebuli wesiT, aseve tradiciuli formiT arsebuli servisebis cifrulformatSi gadayvana da maTi Semdgomi ganTavseba portalze, servisebis reformirebis Sesaxeb moqalaqeTainformirebisa da servisebis gamoyenebis swavleba, monacemTa gacvlis saagentosTan mudmivi koordinacia daa.S.23 strategias moiwoneben da SeaTanxmeben mTavrobis wevrebi (ministrTa kabinetis), rac uzrunvelyofs misiSemdgomi ganxorcielebis maRal albaTobas vertikalur doneze.

16

susti mxare: rTulia mraval steikholderTan saerTo `xedvaze~ SeTanxmeba.24

azrTa sxvadasxvaoba, viwrouwyebrivi interesebi.SesaZleblobebi: strategiis SemuSavebis procesSi yvela dainteresebuli piris

CarTvis SesaZlebloba.25

riskebi: strategiis aRsruleba SesaZlebelia miRweul iqnas an nebayoflobiTsawyisebze an/da `politikuri~ davalebis gziT.26

meore alternativa:

Zlieri mxare: aRsrulebis meqanizmis, savaldebulo Zalis mqone debulebebis

arseboba kanonis aRsrulebis procentulobis zrdis sawindaria.susti mxare: samarTlebrivi regulireba naklebad moqnili meqanizmia.27 axali

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis inicireba dadgenili vadebis/proceduris dacvas saWiroebs.SesaZleblobebi: vinaidan kanonis gavrcelebis sfero moicavs sajaro

xelisuflebis yvela uwyebas, aRniSnuli midgoma saSualebas mogvcems administraciuliorganoebis maqsimalurad farTomasStabian CarTulobas erTiani portalis ganviTarebissaqmeSi.

riskebi: kanoni iZleva zogadi regulierebis saSualebas da masSi rTuliadaifaros problemasTan dakavSirebuli dRes arsebuli Tu momavalSi aRmocenebulikonkretuli SemTxvevebi, ramac Tavisuflad SeiZleba warmoSvas samarTlebrivivakuumi.28

mesame alternativa:

Zlieri mxare: individualuri TanamSromloba yvela steikholderTan imisgarantiaa, rom TiToeuli maTganis interesi da SesaZleblobebi maqsimalurad iqnebagaTvaliswinebuli da SeTanxmeba moxdeba individualur aqtivobebze.29

susti mxare: individualuri SeTanxmebebis miRweva resursebis TvalsazrisiTyvelaze naklebad momxiblavi variantia.30

SesaZleblobebi: monacemTa gacvlis saagentosa da steikholderebs Sorismolaparakebebis safuZvelze SesaZloa gamoikveTos steikholderebis mniSvnelovani

24 mravali steikholderis erTian strategiaze SeTanxmeba rTuli procesia da SesaZlebelia droSigaiwelos, rac `erTiani portalis~ ganviTarebas kidev ufro daamuxruWebs.25 steikholderebis CarTulobiT maqsimalurad gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba TiToeuli maTganis interesebi daarsebuli SesaZleblobebi (biujeti, adamianiseuli resursi, dro, teqnikuri mzaoba), rac mniSvnelovaniwinapirobaa strategiis daubrkoleblad SesrulebisaTvis. garda amisa, strategia iZleva imis saSualebas,rom daigegmos da gamoiyos biujeti konkretuli strategiuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad.26 strategia, kanonisgan gansxvavebiT, ar warmoadgens savaldebulo iuridiuli Zalis dokuments,Sesabamisad, misi Seusrulebloba ar gamoiwvevs damrRvevi mxaris mimarT iuridiuli pasuxismgeblobisdadgomas. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom politikuri lideris cvlileba SesaZloa steikholderis mxridanstrategiul SeTanxmebaze uaris Tqmis safuZveli gaxdes.27 kanoni xSir SemTxvevaSi ar iZleva arsebul realobasTan da saWiroebebTan swrafi morgebis saSualebas.aseve kanonTa umravlesobas ar axlavs misi finansuri dasabuTeba, rac ar iZleva kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuliaqtiurobebis raodenobriv maCveneblebSi gamoxatvis da Sesabamisi finansebis gaTvalisiwnebisSesaZleblobas.28 samarTlebrivi vakuumi iseTi mdgomareobaa, roca saxeze gvaqvs realuri SemTxveva da ar arsebobs misimaregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo baza.29Oormxrivi urTierTobebi, mravalmxrivi strategiuli TanamSromlobiTi formitisgan gansxvavebiT,gansakuTrebiT gamarTlebulia im SemTxvevaSi, roca teqnologiuri ganviTarebisa da sakadro resursebiscodnis doniT didi kontrasti SeiniSneba steikholderebs Soris (magaliTad, saqarTvelos centraluri daregionuli xelisuflebis organoebi).30 steikholderTa mxridan zogadi interesi erTian portalze integraciis mxriv Zalian dabalia, iseverogorc maTi survili ormxrv formatSi TanamSromlobaze.

17

saWiroebebi,31 xolo saagentos SesaZloa gaaCndes maTi dakmayofilebis potenciali, racurTierTTanamSromlobis safuZvelze erTiani portalis ganviTarebis realurSesaZleblobas iZleva.32

riskebi: alternativis warmateba yovelTvis damokidebulia steikholderTa`keTil nebaze~.33

mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica

alternativebi34

kriteriumebi1 2 3

Sedegianoba (%)35 80 70 60

xarjianoba (lari)36 50 000 51 000 30 000

politikuri mizanSewoniloba37 (1-10 qula) 9 7 5

instituciuri mizanSewoniloba38 (1-10 qula) 8 7 6

ganxorcielebis vadebi (Tve)39 6 Tve 6 Tve 24 Tve

samarTlianoba (1-10 qula)40 8 7 9

steikholderTa kmayofileba (1-10 qula)41 8 6 9

31 magaliTad, adamianiseuli, teqnikuri, droiTi, eqspertuli resursebi.32 magaliTad, Tuki Telavis municipalitets surs sakuTari servisebis eleqtronizacia da erTianportalze ganTavseba, magram ar gaaCnia amisaTvis sakmarisi teqnikuri codna, monacemTa gacvlis saagentoSesaZloa daexmaros mas ori gziT: (1) gamoyos saagentos TanamSromeli, romelic daexmareba Telavismunicipalitets am RonisZiebaSi; (2) Telavis municipalitetis mier gamoyofil TanamSromels CautarebsSesabamis treinings da daexmareba praqtikuli ganxorcielebis dros.33 individualuri TanamSromloba SesaZloa warumatebeli da droSi gawelili aRmoCndes, Tuki ar iqnebasteikholderebis saTanado mzadyofna, interesi da survili problemis mogvarebis kuTxiT.34 alternativebis numeracia Seesabameba politikis dokumentis am TavSi aRwerili alternativebisnumeracias.35 Sedegianobis maCvenebeli alternativebis mixedviT daviangariSeT eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ucxoeleqspertebTan (piter raiStadteri – eleqtronuli servisebis proeqtis menejeri, avstriis federalurikancelaria) intervius safuZvelze da avstriaSi erTiani portalis danergvis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT.36 ix.: danarTi #1.37 politikuri mizanSewonilobis kriteriumis Sefasebisas meore da mesame alternativebTan mimarTebaSigamoyenebulia `gesTimeiTis~ meTodi; pirveli alternativis politikuri mizanSewonilobis maRalimaCvenebeli emyareba saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris `saqarTvelos eleqtronuli mmarTvelobisganxorcielebis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ tviningis xelSekrulebas, romlis erT-erT mniSvnelovan komponentsswored eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategia warmoadgens da romelzexelmoweriTac saqarTvelos mTavrobam gamoxata politikuri Tanxmoba.38 instituciuri mizanSewonilobis kriteriumis Sefasebisas alternativebTan mimarTebaSi gamoyenebulia`gesTimeiTis~ meTodi.39 ganxorcielebis vadebi pirvel alternativasTan dakavSirebiT efuZneba `saqarTvelos eleqtronulimmarTvelobis ganxorcielebis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ tviningis xelSekrulebis samoqmedo gegmaSi aRniSnuliaqtiurobisTvis gansazRvrul 6-Tvian vadas, meore alternativasTan dakavSirebiT – saqarTveloSisakanonmdeblo aqtebis inicirebisa da miRebis ganzogadebul praqtikas, xolo mesame alternativasTanmimarTebaSi – monacemTa gacvlis saagentos 2013-2016 wlebis programuli biujetis maCveneblebs.40 samarTlianobis kriteriumis Sefasebisas alternativebTan mimarTebaSi gamoyenebulia `gesTimeiTis~meTodi.41 steikholderTa kmayofilebis kriteriumis Sefasebisas alternativebTan mimarTebaSi gamoyenebulia`gesTimeiTis~ meTodi.

18

upiratesi alternativis SerCeva

Sedegianobis, xarjianobis, politikuri da instituciuri mizanSewonilobis,droSi ganxorcielebadobis, Zlieri da susti mxareebis, SesaZleblobebisa da riskebisSefasebis safuZvelze saukeTeso alternativas eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebissaxelmwifo strategiis miReba warmoadgens.

r e k o m e n d a c i e b i

winamdebare naSromSi dasaxuli miznis – eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTareba`erTi fanjris~ principis gamoyenebiT _ misaRwevad analizis safuZvelze gamovlindasaukeTeso alternativa _ saxelmwifo strategiis SemuSaveba, romlisTvisacrekomendebulia Semdegi moqmedebebi:

I. eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiuli dokumentisSesaqmnelad saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda:

1. Camoayalibos uwyebaTaSorisi sakoordinacio sabWo strategiis SemuSavebisa daganxorcielebis monitoringis, uwyebaTaSorisi saqmianobis koordinaciis, Sesabamisiwinadadebebisa da daskvnebis SemuSavebis mizniT;

2. gansazRvros uwyebaTaSorisi sakoordinacio sabWos Semadgenloba,42 struqtura,uflebamosileba, samuSao principebi da saqmianobis wesi;43

3. zedamxedveloba gauwios eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifostrategiuli dokumentis SemuSavebis samuSao procesis warmarTvas;

4. gansazRvros strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegma TiToeuli aqtiurobis,misi Sesrulebis droisa da masze pasuxismgebeli uwyebis miTiTebiT;

5. gansazRvros strategiis aRsrulebis RonisZiebebi.

II. eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiuli dokumentisSesaqmnelad monacemTa gacvlis saagentom:

1. rogorc qveyanaSi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobisa da eleqtronuli servisebisganviTarebis koordinaciaze pasuxismgebelma saxelmwifo uwyebam, eqspertul-analitikuri daxmareba gauwios uwyebaTaSoris sakoordinacio sabWos strategiulidokumentis SemuSavebis procesSi;

2. SeimuSaos da warudginos uwyebaTaSoris sakoordinacio sabWos samuSao jgufebsstrategiis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis debulebebis proeqtebi, daskvnebi,rekomendaciebi;

3. moiZios da gauziaros uwyebaTaSorisi sakoordinacio sabWos samuSao jgufebsstrategiis konkretul Temebze saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtika, dasabuTebuliargumentebi da praqtikuli magaliTebi.

42 sakoordinacio sabWos SemadgenlobaSi saxelmwifo uwyebebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad rekomendebuliaSediodnen eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi saqmianobis ganmaxorcielebeli arasamTavroboorganizaciebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, eqspertebi da mecnierebi.43 mizanSewonilad mimaCnia uwyebaTaSorisi sakoordinacio sabWos debulebis damtkiceba. magaliTisaTvisixileT saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 13 dekembris #591 brZanebuleba `sisxlis samarTliskanonmdeblobis reformis ganmaxorcielebeli uwyebaTaSorisi sakoordinacio sabWos Semadgenlobisa dadebulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=104050&lang=ge 16.04.2013.

19

III. eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiuli dokumentisSesaqmnelad uwyebaTaSorisma sakoordinacio sabWom:

1. strategiis dokumentze muSaobis koordinaciis mizniT Seqmnas Sesabamisi samuSaojgufebi, uzrunvelyos maTi samuSao procesis dagegmva da koordinirebulad warmarTva,konkretul aqtiurobebze SeTanxmeba da maTi Sesrulebis monitoringi;

2. moiwvios damoukidebeli eqspertebi sabWos winaSe arsebuli strategiulisakiTxebis Seswavlisa da saTanado rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis mizniT;

3. uzrunvelyos samuSao jgufebSi strategiuli dokumentis calkeulimimarTulebebis proeqtebisa da winadadebebis ganxilva da SeTanxmebuli sabolooversiis saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis dasamtkiceblad wardgena.

zogadi rekomendaciebi eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifostrategiul dokumentTan dakavSirebiT:

eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategia unda Camoyalibdes,rogorc am sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi dokumenti. masSiunda aisaxos strategiuli miznebi, arsebuli gamowvevebi, ZiriTadi principebi,amocanebi da samoqmedo RonisZiebebi.

strategia unda asaxavdes erTiani portalis gamoyenebiT eleqtronuliservisebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb mTavrobis erTian midgomas da amis misaRwevadinstituciuri koordinaciisa da saxelmwifo uwyebebis gamarTuli, koordinirebulimuSaobis mniSvnelobas.44

strategiaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos Semdeg mimarTulebebs:saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtors Soris TanamSromlobis meqanizmebs, saerTaSorisopartnioruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas (ormxriv da mravalmxriv formatSi), kvlevasada analizs, sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli bazis srulyofas.

d a s k v n a

eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi calkeuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba45

iseve, rogorc, zogadad, eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis reforma efuZneba Zlierpolitikur xelmZRvanelobas, Camoyalibebul mkafio xedvas, dainteresebul pirTamxridan mxardaWeras. yovelive amis uzrunvelsayofad ki yvelaze optimalurSesaZleblobad _ problemis gadaWris saukeTeso alternativad migvaCnia erTianistrategiuli CarCos SemuSaveba da misi, rogorc saxelmwifo strategiis dokumentisformiT miReba.

imisaTvis, rom eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiasajaro politikis problemis mogvarebis meqanizmi gaxdes, aucilebelia, is efuZnebodessaukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikas, aseve saqarTveloSi arsebul politikur daekonomikur realobas, teqnologiur momzadebas da sazogadoebriv dakveTas.

gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom strategiuli dokumenti ar unda iyos statikuriaqti da misi mTavari upiratesoba unda vlindebodes mis moqnilobaSi, arsebuli

44 ix. danarTi #2 – saxelmwifo struqturebis instituciuri koordinaciis rekomendebuli modeli.45 winamdebare sajaro politikis dokumentis kvlevis farglebSi – eleqtronuli servisebisxelmisawvdomoba ,,erTi fanjris~ principiT.

20

gamowvevebis mimarT relevanturobasa da dRevandelobasTan morgebulobaSi.samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi araerTxel gavxdiT mowme imisa, Tu rogor xarjaven esa Tuis uwyebebi saxelmwifo resursebs e.w. ,,strategiebis~ SemuSavebaSi (imis nacvlad, rom esdro romelime kritikuli proeqtis ganxorcielebas dauTmon), romlebic droTaganmavlobaSi Taroze Semodebul mtverdadebul dokumentad iqceva. Cven mierSemoTavazebuli alternativa ar aris ,,strategia strategiisTvis~. ufro metic,vfiqrobT, eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiis miRebiT,strategiis samoqmedo gegmis pirnaTlad Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSic ki, sasurveli Sedegiar iqneba miRweuli. amis mizezi ki isaa, rom eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis reforma arismudmivi, gangrZobadi procesi, sxva sityvebiT _ ,,eleqtronuli mmarTveloba aris

mogzauroba da ara saboloo daniSnulebis adgili~ (”E-Government is a Journey, not aDestination”).46 swored amitom aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam daawesos

strategiis Sesrulebis monitoringi, Camoayalibos samoqmedo gegmis SesrulebisSefasebis meqanizmi, danergos strategiis ganaxlebisa da masSi cvlilebebis Setanisprocedurebi.

saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier politikis dokumentSi aRwerili saukeTesoalternativisa da misi Sesrulebis konkretuli rekomendaciis mowonebis SemTxvevaSi,eleqtronuli servisebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo strategiis miReba da misiimplementacia dadebiTad aisaxeba eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani portalispopularizaciasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebaze, rac, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvevssazogadoebisa da biznesis kmayofilebis zrdas eleqtronuli servisebisxelmisawvdomobisa da xarisxis TvalsazrisiT. momxmarebelze orientirebuli sajaroadministrirebis politikis gatarebiT amaRldeba samoqalaqo seqtoris ndobis xarisxisaxelmwifo organoebis mimarT, rac Sedegad kerZo da sajaro seqtorebs SorisTanamSromlobisa da partnioruli urTierTobebis47 ganviTarebis winapirobas Seqmnis.

b i b l i o g r a f i a

samarTlebrivi aqtebi:

1. ,,sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ monacemTa gacvlis saagentos Seqmnis Sesaxeb~saqarTvelos kanoni, Tbilisi, 2009 wlis 17ivlisi:https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=89662&lang=ge.

2. ,,biznesportalis gamoyenebis wesebisa da pirobebis Sesaxeb~, avstriis samarTlebrivi aqtiwww.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2009_I_52/BGBLA_2009_I_52.html .

3. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2008 wlis 13 dekembris #591 brZanebuleba ,,sisxlis samarTliskanonmdeblobis reformis ganmaxorcielebeli uwyebaTaSorisi sakoordinacio sabWosSemadgenlobisa da debulebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~:https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=104050&lang=ge.

4. European Commission Communication “The European e Government Action Plan 2011-2015 Harnessing ICT topromote smart, sustainable & innovative Government”, Brussels, 2010:http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0743:EN:NOT

5. EU Directive 2002/58/EC on privacy and Electronic Communications:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32002L0058:en:NOT.

6. EU Directive 2006/123/EC on services in the internal market:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32006L0123:EN:NOT.

46 Core Principles of e-Governance, იხ.: http://arc.gov.in/11threp/ARC_11thReport_Ch5.pdf, 20.05.2013.47 Public-Private Partnership (PPP).

21

7. Постановление правительства об ,,Учреждении и администрировании единого правительственногопортала публичных услуг” нр. 330 от 28.05.2012, Республика Молдова http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php-?action=view&view=doc&id=343406&lang=2.

8. Постановление правительства об ,,Утверждении Положения об администрировании контента единогоправительственного портала публичных услуг и интеграции электронных публичных услуг в портал”нр. 657 от 05.09.2012, Республика Молдова http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id-=344701&lang=2.

strategiebi:

9. singapuris eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis mastergegma 2011-2015:www.egov.gov.sg/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=4f9e71be-fe35-432a-9901-ab3279b92342&groupId=10157.

10. avstraliis saxelmwifo servisebisa da informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebisganviTarebis strategia 2012-2015:www.finance.gov.au/publications/ict_strategy_2012_2015/docs/APS_ICT_Strategy.pdf.

11. Sotlandiis centraluri xelisuflebis cifruli momavlis – sajaro servisebisxelmisawvdomobis strategia 2012-2015: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/0041/00414287.pdf.

12. fineTis sajaro seqtoris informaciul-sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebisstrategia 2012-2020:www.vm.fi/vm/en/04_publications_and_documents/03_documents/20121112Public/Public_sector_ict.pdf.

internetresursebi:

13. eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani vebportali saqarTveloSi: www.my.gov.ge.14. estoneTis eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani portali: http://e-estonia.com.15. belgiis eleqtronuli servisebis vebgverdi: www.belgium.be/en.16. avstriis eleqtronuli servisebis erTiani vebgverdi moqalaqeebisaTvis: www.help.gv.at.17. avstriis samarTlebrivi sainformacio sistema: www.oesterreich.gv.at/site/6554/default.aspx.18. Tbilisis meriis eleqtronuli vebgverdi: http://new.tbilisi.gov.ge.19. erTiani portalis Sesaxeb sareklamo rgolebi: www.youtube.com/user/geeglachannel.20. Core Principles of e-Governance: http://arc.gov.in/11threp/ARC_11thReport_Ch5.pdf.

sxva:

21. Administration on the Net “The ABC guide of E-Government in Austria”, Vienna, September 2011, ISBN 978-3-200-02352-9.

22. Freedom on the Net 2012. Georgia, Freedom House (2012).:www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Georgia%202012.pdf.

23. Open Government Partnership. Georgia, Action Plan 2012-2013:www.opengovpartnership.org/countries/georgia.

24. Heeks, Richard, “Understanding e-Governance for Development” Electronic Journal on Information Technologyin Developing Countries (EJISDC), (2001):http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/untc/unpan001842.pdf.

25. International Telecommunication Union ITU. Measuring the Information Society. (2011):www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/backgrounders/general/pdf/5.pdf.

26. Krabina, Bernhard; Prorok, Thomas; Lutz, Brigitte, Open Government Implementation Model V 2.0. Vienna,2012: www.kdz.or.at/en/open-government-implementation-model.

22

d a n a r T i

danarTi 1

alternativebis ganxorcielebis xarjebis analizi

1. pirveli alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjebi efuZneba saqarTvelosa daevrokavSirs Soris ,,saqarTvelos eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganxorcielebisxelSewyobis Sesaxeb~ tviningis xelSekrulebis biujetis danarTSi miTiTebul finansurdaangariSebas, kerZod:

cxrili #1

# aqtiuroba xarji (lari)

1 seminari steikholderebisTvis evrokavSirSi el.servisebisganviTarebis saukeTeso strategiebis Sesaxeb 10 000

2 strategiis proeqtis SemuSaveba 15 000

3 strategiis proeqtis ganxilva 5 000

4 strategiis Sesworebuli proeqtis miReba da meoradiSeTanxmeba steikholderebTan 10 000

5 Semajamebeli konferenciis organizeba da strategiissaboloo teqstis damtkiceba 10 000

strategiis SemuSaveba = 50 000

2. meore alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjebi:

meore alternativis gansaxorcielebeli xarjebis daTvlisas gaTvaliswinebuliamonacemTa gacvlis sagentos TanamSromelTa, mowveuli eqspertebis, steikholderebiswarmomadgenelTa saSualo xelfasebi aqtiurobebisTvis saWiro droiTi resursisgaTvaliswinebiT.

cxrili #2

# aqtiuroba xarji (lari)

1sakanonmdeblo aqtis proeqtis momzadeba monacemTagacvlis saagentosa da mowveuli eqspertebis samuSao

jgufis mier (10-kaciani jgufi)40 000

2 sakanonmdeblo aqtis proeqtis SeTanxmebasteikholderebTan 10 000

3 sakanonmdeblo aqtis proeqtis samarTlebrivi eqspertiza,Sesrulebuli iusticiis saministros mier 1 000

sakanonmdeblo regulirebis inicireba = 51 000

23

3. mesame alternativis ganxorcielebis xarjebi:

mesame alternativis gansaxorcielebeli xarjebis daTvlisas gaTvaliswinebuliamolaparakebis procesSi CarTuli monacemTa gacvlis sagentos TanamSromelTa dasteikholderTa warmomadgenlebis saSualo xelfasebi aqtiurobebisTvis aucilebelidroiTi resursis gaTvaliswinebiT. magaliTisTvis aRebulia monacemTa gacvlissaagentosa da saxelmwifo servisebis ganviTarebis saagentos Soris ormxrivimolaparakebis safuZvelze servisebis integraciis SemTxveva da aRniSnuli daTvliTmiRebuli maCvenebeli gamravlebulia erTiani portalis potenciuri steikholderebisraodenobaze (50):

cxrili #3

# aqtiuroba xarji (lari)

1

monacemTa gacvlis saagentos TanamSromelTaTanamonawileoba (5 TanamSromeli – sistemuri

administratori (3 saaTi), qselis administratori (3saaTi), ufrosi programisti (2 saaTi), programisti (2

kvira), biznesanalitikosi (3 dRe))

3 000

2

saxelmwifo servisebis ganviTarebis saagentosTanamSromelTa Tanamonawileoba (4 TanamSromeli –

sistemuri administratori (2 saaTi), qselisadministratori (2 saaTi), programisti (1 kvira),

biznesanalitikosi (3 dRe))

2 000

saagentos xelmZRvanelTa molaparakebebi proeqtisdasawisSi, mimdinareobisas da dasasruls 1 000

erTi steikholderis servisebis integracia = 6000

50 steikholderis servisebis integracia 50 * 6 000 = 30 000

24

danarTi #2

saxelmwifo struqturebis instituciuri koordinaciis rekomendebuli modeli

eleqtronuli mmarTvelobisganviTarebis xelSemwyobi

samTavrobo komisia – premier-ministris saTaTbiro organo

strategiuli dokumentisproeqtis SemuSaveba da misi

mTavrobisTvis wardgena.

monacemTa gacvlissaagento

saqarTvelosmTavroba

strategiuli dokumentisdamtkiceba.

eqspertul-analitikurisaqmianoba;

strategiisdokumentze

SeniSvnebisa darekomendaciebis

SemuSaveba. sami

nist

roeb

i

samuSao jgufebSimonawileoba.

sajar

o s

amar

Tl

isiu

rid

iul

i pi

reb

i

adgi

lobr

ivi

Tvi

Tmm

arTve

lobi

sorga

noeb

i

sxva

admi

nist

rac

iul

iorga

noeb

i

winadadebebisa da rekomendaciebismomzadeba eleqtronuli

mmarTvelobis erTiani politikisgansazRvris mizniT;

saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSieleqtronuli servisebis danergvisada erTian portalze integraciis

koordinacia;

finansuri resursebis (danaxarjebis)gamoyofis koordinacia saxelmwifo

dawesebulebebSi eleqtronuliservisebisaTvis informaciuli

sistemebisa da infrastruqturisSeqmnis mizniT.

uwyebaTaSorisisakoordinacio sabWo

137

Nata Goderdzishvili

Head of Legal DivisionLEPL Data Exchange Agency, Ministry of Justice of Georgia

S U M M A R YThe aim of the policy paper, The Use of the One-Stop Shop Principle for the Development of ElectronicServices, is to illustrate the difficulties and the challenges in the introduction of the one-stop shop principlein the administration of electronic services in Georgia, analyze priority directions in improving the access toelectronic services and discuss prospects for further development of the administration of electronic servicesin Georgia.

The paper provides a brief of historical, legal and institutional overview of the administration of electronicservices in Georgia, the tendencies in the increase of access to electronic services for the public sector andprospects for improving on-line electronic interaction between the state and civil society. It discusses theprerequisites for the establishment of the one-stop shop principle, the importance of establishing thisprinciple and the political, legal, organizational and other reasons impeding it while also evaluating thefactors ensuring success in the establishment of the administration of electronic services.

The paper outlines the causes impeding the development of a common portal of state electronic services as amain platform for rendering one-stop shop services and discusses the strategic ways for solving the problem(legislative regulation, development of a strategy, establishment of individual cooperation mechanisms)based on the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses, and the possibilities and risksassociated with each alternative as well as revealing the priority alternative in the form of drafting a statestrategy for the development of the provision of electronic services by means of a one-stop shop principle. Inselecting this priority alternative, we took into account the success stories of countries regarded as“technological pioneers” (such as Estonia, Finland, Austria, Korea, Singapore) and analyzed bestinternational practice while evaluating the difficulties and challenges existing in the process of introducingthe administration of electronic services both in Georgia and in the world.

The paper also discusses activities expedient and necessary for the implementation of the selected priorityalternative, provides recommendations towards concrete authorized entities, underlines the utmostimportance of the rendering of electronic services according to the one-stop shop principle and explains therationale of the advantage of the selected alternative.

The paper will be of help to all those interested parties or state bodies which are responsible for improvingaccess to electronic services; more specifically, first developing and then implementing a concept of thecommon portal of electronic services.

The topicality of the policy paper is also conditioned by a fact that the common portal of electronic servicesremains in a nascent condition and its successful development is one of the priority issues on the agenda forthe Georgian Government. Reasoning and substantiated conclusions provided in the paper will assist theentities responsible for the development of the administration of electronic services in the country to makeelectronic service provision by the one-stop shop principle a reality in Georgia.