EdgeCAM manufacturing basics

EdgeCAM Manufacture – User Guide

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EdgeCAM Manufacture – User Guide

Contents

EdgeCAM Manufacture Mode.....................................................................................1ENTERING MANUFACTURE MODE ........................................................................3SELECTING TOOLS............................................................................................14CHECKING THE PART ........................................................................................34MOVING THE TOOL ...........................................................................................37SELECTING A CYCLE.........................................................................................47FINISHING A COMMAND .....................................................................................47USING CUTTER COMPENSATION........................................................................48DISPLAYING TOOLPATHS...................................................................................54

Editing Instructions in the Browser.........................................................................57EDITING INSTRUCTIONS.....................................................................................57COMBINING COMPONENTS AND SEQUENCES......................................................59INSERTING SEQUENCES ....................................................................................62MERGING SEQUENCES......................................................................................63RE-ORDERING THE MACHINING INSTRUCTIONS IN A SEQUENCE...........................64MERGING HOLE CYCLES...................................................................................71USING INSTRUCTIONS MENU COMMANDS...........................................................75

Editing the Toolpath..................................................................................................79DELETING A SECTION OF A TOOLPATH...............................................................80EDITING A SECTION OF A TOOLPATH..................................................................80SPLITTING A TOOLPATH ....................................................................................80TRANSFORMING THE TOOLPATHS ......................................................................81

Generating CNC Code...............................................................................................87PASSING JOB DATA TO THE NC FILE .................................................................89ABOUT CNC FILENAMES...................................................................................89CODE GENERATOR COMMANDS ........................................................................90EDITING THE CNC CODE ..................................................................................92

EdgeCAM Manufacture - User Guide

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EdgeCAM Manufacture Mode

ENTERING MANUFACTURE MODE.......................................................................3Browsing the Instruction List .......................................................................4The Context Menu in the Instruction Browser .........................................................5About Machining Sequences ......................................................................6Defining a Machining Sequence .................................................................7About the Initial CPL....................................................................................8Passing Job Data to the NC File ...............................................................10Selecting an Existing Machining Sequence ..............................................11Building the Instruction List .......................................................................11Changing the Machine Parameters...........................................................12Conversion of Arcs to Lines ......................................................................13

SELECTING TOOLS ..........................................................................................14Selecting from the ToolStore.....................................................................14Selecting from the Tool Library .................................................................15Defining New Tools Interactively...............................................................16Selecting the Wire .................................................................................................17Milling Cutter Parameters..........................................................................18Turning Tool Parameters...........................................................................19Specifying Insert Parameters ................................................................................20Specifying Turret Parameters................................................................................22Selecting a New Tool Datum.....................................................................23Saving Tool Graphics ................................................................................24Displaying the Tool....................................................................................24Displaying the Tool Holder ........................................................................25Setting Feeds and Speeds for Milling and Turning Tools .........................26Setting Speeds and Feeds Manually.....................................................................26Setting Speeds and Feeds Automatically..............................................................26Viewing the Current Technology Values ...................................................28Material Technology Table....................................................................................29Tool Technology Table..........................................................................................29Defining New Material Technology Tables............................................................29Selecting a Safe Distance for the Tool......................................................30Selecting a Safe Distance for the Turning Tool ........................................31

USING MISCELLANEOUS (M-) FUNCTIONS ........................................................32Checking the Miscellaneous Functions .................................................................33

CHECKING THE PART.......................................................................................34Verifying the Machining Parameters .........................................................34Viewing the Machine Datum Co-ordinates................................................35

MOVING THE TOOL ..........................................................................................37Moving at the Rapid Rate (Milling and Turning environment)...................37Moving the Wire at the Rapid Rate .......................................................................38Moving at the Feed Rate...........................................................................38Editing Co-ordinates of Rapid and Feed Moves .......................................39Moving the Tool in an Arc at the Feedrate ................................................41Moving the Tool around a Co-ordinate Axis..............................................41Moving the Tool to the Toolchange Position.............................................41Moving the Tool to the Home Position ......................................................42Moving to the Initial Plane .........................................................................43Freehand Milling........................................................................................43Exact Tool Positioning in Turning..............................................................44Moving Relative to an Entity......................................................................45Moving Constrained by Entities.................................................................46Moving Relative to Two Entities ................................................................46

Manufacturing Basics

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SELECTING A CYCLE........................................................................................47FINISHING A COMMAND....................................................................................47USING CUTTER COMPENSATION.......................................................................48

Using Cutter Compensation in Milling Cycles ...........................................48Using Wire Compensation.........................................................................49Using No Compensation ...........................................................................50Using Controller Compensation ................................................................50Using Pathtrace Compensation.................................................................51Using Cutter Compensation in Turning Cycles .........................................52

DISPLAYING TOOLPATHS .................................................................................54Controlling the Toolpath Mode ..................................................................54Simulating Tool Movement........................................................................54Displaying Solid Models ............................................................................55


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Entering Manufacture ModeEdgeCAM starts up in Design mode, as it assumes that you want to begin bycreating a part. If you have already created a part, or have loaded an existingpart, you will now want to start the machining process.

To use the EdgeCAM system, you should be experienced in CAD/CAMmethods and the appropriate equipment and terminology. You also need tohave some experience of the Microsoft™ Windows NT™ graphical userenvironments.

Most of the commands you require are not present in Design mode (to makethe number of commands available to you more manageable). To access thecommands for machining a part, you must enter the Manufacture mode.

Select Manufacture (Options menu) or press the Manufacture button toswitch into Manufacture mode.

If you need to switch back into Design mode at any time, click on the Designbutton or select Design (Options menu).If this is the first time you have entered Manufacture mode since startingEdgeCAM, you are prompted for details on what type of machining you wantto use. This information defines a new “machining sequence” or machiningworksession. You also specify which Code Generator file you want to use. ACode Generator provides appropriate manufacturing commands and containsthe data on converting an EdgeCAM machining sequence into CNC code fora specific machine tool type.

You may enter Manufacture mode with a new executable file (for example, aPDI) or a new Code Generator file. If you do, you are prompted to enter thetext for the machine-specific commands that appear under the M-Functionsmenu.

About Creating Wire ToolpathsBefore you try to create wire toolpaths, you should already have created aWire Profile. Whichever method you used to create the profile, simply selectthe command Machine Design (Cycles menu). This command useswhatever information is stored in the profile to generate the appropriatetoolpaths. Also see Creating the Design Intent.


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Browsing the Instruction ListThe Instruction List is, simply, the list of all machining commands for thecurrent part. Each time a new machining command is used on the part, it isadded to the bottom of the list of the current machining sequence.Commands that cannot be converted into CNC code (for example, viewingand editing commands) do not appear on the list.

The browser on the left of the screen shows all machining sequences andinstructions associated with the current part.

You can also view the EdgeCAM Instruction list associated with a job fromwithin the Job Manager or the web-based Job Reports. If an associatedinstruction list exists for a particular job, the instructions will be displayed onthe Instructions tab of the Job Manager or through a link on the job reportspage.

The icon for the current machining sequence is shown with a greenbackground.Note that the machine sequence description is followed by thecode generator file (‘Machine Tool’ in dialogs defining the sequence) used bythe sequence. ‘Sequence 1’ is used by default if you do not specify adescription.

By default, as the mouse is moved over an instruction in the browser window,the relevant toolpath is automatically highlighted in the graphics area.Uncheck the Highlight Instructions option on the Toolpaths tab of thePreferences (Options menu) dialog to disable this functionality.

Clicking on a plus sign expands the view to show all instructions under thatmachining sequence, including toolchange descriptions with turret position.

To collapse part of the view, click on the minus sign.

You can use the mouse to drag instructions to a new position in the list ifnecessary. You can also copy instructions to a new position in the list byholding down the 'Ctrl' key while dragging the instructions.


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By default, the instructions in the Browser window are numbered as this canbe useful when a part has a large number of similar instructions. To displaythe instructions without numbers, please ensure that the NumberInstructions option on the Toolpath tab of the Preferences (Optionsmenu) dialog is unchecked.

Displaying the individual co-ordinates in feed and rapid moves can slow downEdgeCAM when working with a part containing a large number ofinstructions. Uncheck the Display Co-ordinates option on the Toolpaths tabof the Preferences (Options menu) dialog if you do not wish to display theco-ordinates.

Note that you may edit instructions within an operation, but this will break theoperation down into its component instructions.

You can also group instructions together as operations using Operation(Instructions menu). This means that when editing the instruction list youcould edit individual commands or entire operations. Do not confuse thesewith the integrated machining commands provided under the Operationsmenu.

The Context Menu in the Instruction BrowserA right-hand mouse click on an instruction opens the context menu with theoptions Edit, Delete, Simulate, PCI Template, Swathe, Text File, Refreshand Regenerate.The first three options are self-explanatory. The Text File option allows youto export the contents of the sequence to a text file for subsequent printing.Different levels of information can be exported to the text file. The PCITemplate command allows you to generate a PCI from selected instructionsin the browser If you make changes to the instruction list, the display is notupdated. In this case, use the Refresh option to ensure that the instructionlist is displayed correctly in the browser window. The Regenerate option willregenerate the sequence from the selected instructions.

The Swathe option (supported in both milling and turning) allows you toactivate/deactivate the Swathe mode in GLView.

Note that this functionality will only display a planar 'slice' at each level of cut.


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The Output Process option is used to select one or more EdgeCAMinstructions to be passed to Strategy Manager. EdgeCAM Strategy Manageris a product introducing rules based machining to the Solid Machinist userthat combines logic and flow chart methodology to capture working practicesand define a machining strategy, which can then be applied to EdgeCAMhole cycles and operations in the first development phase in version 7.00.

EdgeCAM Strategy Manager is a separate licensed application. Pleasecontact your EdgeCAM reseller for further information on Strategy Manager.

About Machining SequencesA machining sequence is a set of machining information for an EdgeCAMpart. Depending on the environment, it specifies the:

• machine tool (the Code Generator to be used to provide machiningcommands and to create CNC code from the instruction list)

• machine datum for the machine tool

• axis system being used

• turret configurations

• machine tool specific functions available (added to the M-Functionsmenu)

• units to be used in the CNC output

• sequential list of machining instructions and/or operations.

If a part has been saved, the default sequence is the sequence in use whenthe part was saved. This sequence is used for the part at the start of a newManufacture session.

A new sequence can be defined at any time in Manufacture using thecommand New Sequence (File menu).An existing sequence can be selected using the command Select Sequence(File menu).Parts can contain multiple sequences, for example two milling operations onthe same model. Also, more than one discipline (mill, inspection, turning, andso on) can be used with the same model.

If you have to physically move the workpiece from one setup to another, youshould consider using separate sequences, as the output will be for machinetools used in that setup.

If the part is complex, the redraw time may get quite long, so you may want tobreak it down. However, you must then merge the files together with an editor(the EdgeCAM Editor is recommended).


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Defining a Machining SequenceWhen you enter the Manufacture module for the first time, or as a result ofselecting the command New Sequence (File menu), you are asked to createa new machining sequence.

The parameters for the sequence are:

Billet - (Turning environment only) Check this box to define the geometry ofthe billet (bar stock).After you click on OK to dismiss the sequenceparameters, you can digitise the entities that define the initial material profileor billet. Alternatively you can specify two opposite corners of the billet using

the mouse or by inputting the actual co-ordinates using the button.

The first point is the outer corner of the billet:

Mirror View - (Turning environment only) Check this box to create a mirroredprofile about the Z axis that you can use for Four Axis cycles. EdgeCAM onlyneeds the upper side of the turned profile to be drawn. After you click on OKto dismiss the sequence parameters, you can digitise the profile that youwant to mirror. Perform a Finish and the mirrored profile is created.

Machine Datum – (Milling and turning environment only) Specifies theeffective machine origin. This defaults to CPL Top (in milling) or the InitialCPL (in turning), but you may select any desired location.

You may specify a point on the graphics screen using co-ordinates or adigitise. A CPL will be generated at this location, with the same orientation asthe Initial CPL.

To help visualise the Machine Datum, you can display the Primary andSecondary axes by selecting the Machine Datum box in the Drawing,Configure (View menu) command.

Sequence Name – Type in a (descriptive) name for the new machiningsequence (eg. 'OP1'). Please note that each machining sequence must havea unique name.

Job Name – Select a job be entering the appropriate name or use theBrowse button to call up the Job Manager and select a job from the list. Alsosee Passing Job Data to the NC File.


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Discipline – Select the appropriate machining discipline. This then filters theavailable Code Generator files that appear under Machine Tool.

When selecting a sequence for combined turning and milling operations on asingle component, and all operations are to carried out on a turning centre,select the Turn discipline. If the same combination of operations is to beperformed on a milling centre and a separate turning centre, then twoseparate machining sequences should be used.

Machine Tool – Select the appropriate Code Generator file from thoseavailable. This generates the CNC code for a particular machine tool or otherdevice. It also defines which commands and options are appropriate for thedesired manufacturing discipline and type of machine tool.

Initial CPL – Select the CPL in which to begin machining. For wire erosionthis must always be set to TOP.

Also see Initial CPL in the Milling and Turning environment.

Datum Type – (Milling environment only) Specify the type of coordinate shiftfrom the World Co-ordinate System origin (Absolute or Incremental).

Absolute typically invokes a co-ordinate shift on the machine tool similar to aG50 (the co-ordinate system can be reinstated from any other co-ordinatesystem). This must be supported by the code generator and machine tool.

Incremental typically invokes a co-ordinate system shift similar to a G92(reselection is not easy from another co-ordinate system).

About the Initial CPLOn initialising a new machining sequence, you select an Initial CPL. This isused to define the initial orientation of the tool (for example, A0.0 B0.0), andan absolute point of reference for setting up the machine tool (for NCprogram co-ordinates). The Initial CPL defaults to the CPL in use when youentered Manufacture from the Design module.

The choice of available CPLs depends on which environment was in usewhen you entered Manufacture.

The Initial CPL is where the machine’s programmed “zero” is to be located.Because of this, when you import or create a model that is not in aconvenient position for manufacture, use Create CPL (Geometry menu) inDesign mode to set up a more useful origin. Alternatively, use the TranslateTranspose (Edit menu) command to move the geometry so that CPL Top isthe program zero.


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There are two commands for altering the datum point in the currentmachining sequence:

•••• Datum Shift (M-Functions menu) – Allows you to move the program zeroto a new location in the current part. This is useful if you want to machineseveral separate components in the same model within the same machiningsequence.

You could instead translate the toolpath from one component onto the othercomponent. For more information, see Transforming Commands (CopyMachining).

•••• Index (Move menu) – Also allows you to move the datum. For moreinformation, see Multiplane Milling and Rotary Milling.

For a turning sequence, this must be a standard CPL or user defined CPLthat has a base co-ordinate system of Turn (ZX). If the datum point of thegeometry is unsuitable, translate the geometry to the appropriate positionusing the Design command Transform Translate (Edit menu).


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Passing Job Data to the NC FileWhen a job record is selected for a machining sequence the specifiedmodifiers will be loaded into EdgeCAM and the values displayed in theappropriate field on the Job Data tab.

This information along with Material, Machine and Description will be passedthrough to the Code Generator, bringing the Job Manager, EdgeCAMmachining sequences and the NC file closer together.

You can also set these modifiers on the New Machining Sequence andMachine Parameters dialog. The relevant fields in the Job Manager will beupdated when an NC file is generated.

Comment – Add any relevant notes.

Family – All jobs defined in the database can be grouped into families whichform the tabs on the job panel of the ToolKit Assistant dialog.

Customer – Enter the customer name for the job.

Programmer – Enter the name of the programmer.

Job Revision – Enter the current revision identifier for change controlpurposes. Please note that the text string must not exceed 39 characters.Note that the job record will contain only a text field holding the currentrevision. If you wish to keep a complete change history or other audit trailinformation this can be done by making appropriate entries on the Notespage.

Code Generator Variable Token Name Token DescriptionJOBDESC JM-DESC Job Manager Description

JOBCOM JM-COM Job Manager Comment

JOBFAM JM-FAM Job Manager Family

JOBMACH JM-MACH Job Manager Machine

JOBCUST JM-CUST Job Manager Customer

JOBPROG JM-PROG Job Manager Programmer

JOBMATL JM-MATL Job Manager Material

JOBREV JM-REV Job Manager Revision


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Selecting an Existing Machining SequenceTo use a machining sequence other than the current one, pick the commandSelect Sequence from the Files menu.

You are presented with a list of available sequences. Select one of thesequences.

If you want to use a new sequence, select the New Sequence (File menu)command. See Defining a Machining Sequence.

You can remove a machining sequence in a similar manner using the DeleteSequence command. If you delete the current sequence, you are promptedto pick an existing sequence. If there are no existing machining sequences,the New Sequence dialog is displayed, allowing you to define one.

Building the Instruction ListThe Instruction List is, simply, the list of all machining commands for thecurrent part. Each time a new machining command is used on the part, it isadded to the bottom of the list.

Commands that cannot be converted into CNC code (for example, viewingand editing commands) do not appear on the list.

Example Instruction List:

You can also group instructions together as operations using Operation(Instructions menu). This means that when editing the instruction list youcould edit individual commands or entire operations. Do not confuse thesewith the integrated machining commands provided under the Operationsmenu.


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Changing the Machine ParametersTo check the values for the current machining sequence, use the MachineParameters (Verify menu) command. This displays a dialog box showing allcurrent machining parameters.

You can alter the conditions of the machining sequence at any time using theMachine Parameters (M-Functions menu) command:

Depending on the manufacturing environment, some or all of the followingparameters can be altered:

Rapid 3D – Click in this box to allow the tool to rapid move in all three axes.

Each axis may accelerate to rapid at differing rates. There is therefore arisk of collision as the resulting move is not easily predictable. Refer to yourmachine tool documentation.

Sequence Name – Enter a new name for the current machining sequence.

Job Name – Select a job be entering the appropriate name or use theBrowse button to call up the Job Manager and select a job from the list.

Initial Plane* – Set the absolute height of the Initial Plane. Note that whiletoolchange and home positions are defined in world co-ordinates the initialplane is defined from the intial CPL of the sequence. These two datum pointsmay be different.

You must ensure that this height is clear of any obstruction includingholding devices and material.

Use this plane to move around the part at the rapid rate. See also Moving tothe Initial Plane.

Output Tolerance – Specifies the smallest distance that the Code Generatorcan output in the final CNC file of the machining sequence. Also seeConversion of Arcs to Lines.

Machine Tool – Select a Code Generator file for the machining sequence.This file defines which machining commands are available and controls theoutput of the CNC code.

To be able to successfully reselect a machine tool, the two machine toolsshould have the same capability. For example, moving C axis operations to aturning centre not equipped with a C axis control would result in anincomplete machining instruction list.

Units* – Select the units that the final CNC code is to use. Any differing unitsused in the model are automatically converted.

The default units are specified in the Code Generator file. You can selectbetween mm (millimetres) and inches.

Home* – Set the tool home position by entering the X, Y and Z world co-ordinates.

Toolchange* – Set the toolchange position by entering the X, Y and Z worldco-ordinates.

*The marked parameters have default values that are set in the CodeGenerator file.

For more information on the parameters on the Job Data tab, please refer toPassing Job Data to the NC File.


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Conversion of Arcs to LinesEdgeCAM converts an arc move to a linear move when the chord height ofthe arc is less than the output tolerance of the machining sequence. Theoutput tolerance is normally set to the same precision as the controller'sdecimal point format. For example 0.001mm or 0.0001 inch.

EdgeCAM performs this conversion to inhibit the output of potentially invalidarc moves which could cause an error on the controller where

• arcs have a radius greater than the control can interpret. This can beencountered in smoothed surface toolpaths.

• the arc start and end positions are so close that when formatted they arethe same position. This can result in the controller interpreting it as acomplete circle move.

• the arc start or end positions in one axis are close enough to become thesame position when formatted. This can result in the controller reportingan error that the point does not lie on the arc.


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Selecting ToolsBefore you can begin machining a part, EdgeCAM expects you to load a toolof some description. This is so that the correct tool offsets and positioningfrom the work can be calculated.

Until you load a tool in the turret, you are only allowed to position the turretand select M-Functions commands. Once you have loaded a tool, all cyclesappropriate to that tool type can be used.

EdgeCAM provides these methods of loading tools:

• Loading pre-defined tools from the ToolStore or Tool Library. Note thatyou can set up where to find the ToolStore and the Tool Library using theTool Libraries tab of the Preferences (Options menu) command.

• Entering the parameters defining a completely new tool.

• Loading tools from an AutoTAS database.

Selecting from the ToolStoreTo access the ToolStore:

• Select ToolStore from the Tooling menu.

• Click on the ToolStore button.

• Click Find on the General tab of the Milling Cutter dialog.

For further information on using the ToolStore, please refer to the contextsensitive help in the ToolStore application or the ToolStore chapter in thismanual.


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Selecting from the Tool LibraryBefore proceeding, you should be familiar with the Tool Library. See Usingthe Tool Library, and Searching for Records.

To load a tool from your default tool kitSee Defining a Machining Sequence for details on specifying the defaulttool kit.

1. Select Load From Kit (Tooling menu) or click on the button. Thisdialog appears, listing the tools already saved to the default tool kit:

2. Select the appropriate tool.

3. Click on OK.

To load a tool from the Tool Library1. Select from Turn, Thread, Bore, Groove, Parting Off or Milling Cutter

(Tooling menu) or click on a tool button:

EdgeCAM displays the parameter input window for that tool type.

2. Click on the Library button. The Library window appears:

3. Click on the OK button to search the source database.

4. Select an appropriate tool from the list.


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To save a tool in the Tool LibraryYou must have selected a tool type from the Tooling menu or have clicked ona tool button. This displays a parameter input window for that type of tool.

Once you have specified the parameters of a particular tool, you may want tosave it so that you can use the same tool later.

To save a tool1. When you are satisfied with the values of each parameter, select the

Library... button.

The Library window is displayed.

2. Select the Tool Library database using the Source parameter. You canonly select Cutting Tools as you cannot save an Assembly or a Tool Kitwith this method.

3. Specify a reference Tool Name for the tool.

4. Click on the Save Tool box.

5. Click on OK.

Defining New Tools InteractivelyRather than load the tool information from a database, you can specify acompletely new tool, purely for use with the next cycles you select in thecurrent machining sequence.

All tools can be selected from the Tooling menu or from the toolbar.

Milling Cutters

Turning Tools

Turn, Thread, Bore, Groove and Parting Off are considered to be fixedtooling, while Milling Cutters can be either driven (powered tooling) or fixed.You could also use a fixed drilling tool for making holes on the spindlecentreline.


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Selecting the Wire

Use the Select Wire (Cycles menu) command to set the parametersfor the Wire Machine. This command lets you define the wire thickness andheight of the upper and lower guide to be used when you machine the part.

Diameter - Specifies the diameter of the wire.

Colour - Specifies the colour of the wire and any positional moves.

Upper Guide* - Specifies the height of the upper guide above the workplane.

Lower Guide* - Specifies the height of the lower guide above the workplane.

These guide height values will only be used if the Code Generator is set tooutput at guide height.

* Guide height values are only applied to langhand output. Code Generatorsworking at guide heights should have taper mode disabled and 4-axis circularmoves should be converted to linear moves.


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Milling Cutter ParametersThe parameters concerning the dimensions of the milling cutter can be seenfrom these diagrams:

Number of Teeth – Specify the number of cutting teeth on the tool.

Comment – Enter any short notes here regarding the tool – these will appearin the instruction list and in the NC output for the machining sequence.

Layer – Specify the layer on which the associated toolpath will be drawn.

Units – Specify the units in which the tool is defined.

Depth Type – Specify whether the setting point of the tool is taken to be atthe Point of the tool, or at the beginning of the Full Diameter of the tool.

Colour – Select the colour of the tool and the associated toolpath.

Turret TabPosition – Specify the tool’s position number on the turret.

Zgauge – Specify the distance between the tool setting point and the toolloading point.

Please note that the gauge length is specified in part units (not tool units).


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Turning Tool Parameters You may have more or fewer parameters than are given here. This is

because you are using a customised Code Generator file which alters thosecommands and parameters that are displayed within EdgeCAM.

Comment - Enter a text string that is placed in the CNC file as a commentwhen you generate code from the machining sequence.

Layer - Select the layer on which the tool is drawn.

Hand of Tool - Select which side of the rotary spindle axis the tool cuts on:

NeutralLeft Hand Right Hand

Gauge Point - Defines the Gauge Point of the insert, in relation to the long(Z) axis of the tool. The Gauge Point can be set to the Primary, Secondary,Centre (of the Primary or Secondary tip radius) and Orthogonal points of aninsert, and is usually positioned as follows:


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These insert types use different Gauge Point locations:

Orthogonal

Primary

SecondaryOrthogonal

Primary

Secondary

Orthogonal

Primary

Secondary

Centre Primary

CentrePrimary

CentreSecondary

CentreSecondary

CentreSecondary

CentrePrimary

Specifying Insert ParametersThe insert's orientation is defined relative to the tool axis. This diagram isbased on a right handed turning tool:

Edge Length

EndAngle Included Angle

Inscribed Circle

Side Angle

Tool Axis

End Angle - Define the angle between the tool axis and the end of the insert.

Side Angle - Define the angle between the tool axis normal and the side ofthe insert.


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End/Side Clearance Angle - Specify the clearance in degrees between theEnd/Side Angle and the actual End/Side Angle to be used. These values aremeasured relative to (and are deducted from) the End and Side Angles, andshould always be (small) positive values.

Here is an example insert and some example parameters:

EndAngle=120

Side Angle=120

End ClearanceAngle=3

Side Clearance Angle=2

Included Angle - Define the angle between the end and side of the insert.

Edge Length - Define the length of the cutting edge of the insert.

Inscribed Circle - Define the diameter of an imaginary circle that could justfit inside the outline of the insert.

Nose Radius - Define the radius of the corner at the cutting end of the insert.

Reach - Defines the depth that the insert can cut before the shank makescontact with the material. This is only for Thread, Parting Off and Groovetools.

Reach

Style - Select the position of the insert to be at the End or Side of the tool.

This example shows a Grooving or Parting Off tool with Style = End.

Width

CornerRadius


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Corner Radius - Define the radius of the corner at the cutting end of theinsert.

Width - Define the width of the cutting edge of the insert, ignoring cornerradii.

Symbol - Select from a list of ISO insert symbol types.

Specifying Turret ParametersThese parameters define the orientation of the tool to the Machine Tool Co-ordinate System:

Position - Specify the position that the tool occupies on the turret (thisdefaults to the last-used turret position).

Xgauge, Ygauge, Zgauge - Enter the distance of the Gauge Point from themounting point of the tool in the X, Y and Z axes.

Tool Mounting Point

Gauge Point

Zgauge

Xgauge

Ygauge is only used on Driven tooling and when Y axis mode is enabled toallow for the tool to have a distance defined off the centreline of the spindle.

Please note that the gauge length is specified in part units (not tool units).

Orientation – Select from Axial, Radial and Reverse Axial to define theposition of the tool axis relative to the Machine Tool Co-ordinate System:

Axial Reverse Axial

RadialX axis

Z axis


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Angle - Specifies the angle the tool makes with the Machine Tool Co-ordinate System's Z axis. This is used for finer control over the tool than byusing the orientation. To activate the field, set the Orientation parameter(General tab) to <NONE>.

Reverse – Mark this box to use the tool rotated 180° about its own axis:

Radial orientationwith Reverseselected

Right Hand tool,Radial orientationwith Reverse off

X axis

Z axis

Whether you reverse the tool or not depends on the direction of the machinespindle's rotation.

Selecting a New Tool DatumUse the Tool Datum (Tooling menu) command to select a gauge point andoffset for the insert of a fixed tool.

Offset - Select the offset register for the tool, as specified by the machinetool controller. This is only valid if you are using controller compensation.

Usually, the turret number is used to determine the offset register. However,you may want to use multiple registers, for example when turning a part withdifferent diameters, using different offsets to compensate for tool deflection.

For more details on the gauge point of a tool, see Specifying Turning ToolParameters.


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Saving Tool GraphicsSaving tool graphics in the ToolStore

The Save Tooling Graphics command on the Tool Graphics toolbarallows you to save a tool/holder graphic as a .csv file.

The parameters for the command are:

Tool Graphics – Saves current tool graphics data to a .csv file. Click Browseto look for an existing file.

Holder Graphics – Saves current holder graphics data to a .csv file. ClickBrowse to look for an existing file.

Saving tool graphics in the Tool LibraryThe Save Tooling Graphics (File menu) command allows you to save adrawing of a tool as a .gra Tooling Database graphics file.

Once you have set the parameters, click on OK. For further information onindividual parameters, please refer to the context sensitive help.

You must then digitise the required datum point for the tool, the first andsecond points on the z axis of the tool, entities to define the tool graphicsimage, and any entities to de-select.

Note that you can use the Run Executable (Custom menu) command to runthe toolgra.exe PDI program, which generates entities from any on-screentool simulation graphics. You can then select these entities with the SaveTooling Graphics command, and store them in the Tool Library.

Displaying the ToolBy default, EdgeCAM displays the tool at its last position. The Toggle Toolicon on the Display toolbar allows you to specify how tools are displayed onthe graphics screen:

Check the Hide Tool option if you do not want to display the tool. Pleasenote that this option is unchecked by default.


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Alternatively, right click on the view status bar and select Properties.

On the Properties dialog, choose between the Wireframe, Solid orTranslucent options from the Display parameter on the Tool tab.

Check the Hide option if you do not wish to display the tool.

Displaying the Tool HolderBy default, EdgeCAM displays the tool and the tool holder at its last position.The Toggle Tool icon on the Display toolbar allows you to specify how toolsare displayed on the graphics screen:

Check the Hide Tool Holder option if you do not want to display the tool.Please note that this option is unchecked by default.


26

Setting Feeds and Speeds for Milling andTurning ToolsSetting Speeds and Feeds ManuallyYou can specify the tool spindle speed and movement rates in the parameterinput dialog box for any machining cycle. These speeds and feeds can beinput manually for each cycle or you can use automatic defaults derived frommaterial and tool technology tables.

The common parameters are:

Feedrate – Specifies the feed rate in the workplane in units per revolution(for a Boring tool, for example) or in units per minute. You can select the typeof feed using the Feed Type (M-Functions menu) command.

Plunge Feed – Specifies the vertical feed rate.

Speed – Specifies the rotational speed of the tool on a milling centre inrevolutions per minute.

On a turning centre, this refers to the spindle speed, measured in units perrevolution. This is overridden if you have selected constant surface speedusing the CSS (M-Functions menu) command. CSS is normally only usedwith turning centres with fixed tooling (but not drills and taps).

If you select another cycle, these speeds and feeds are carried over andused again as the default values. These can be overridden or accepted.

Setting Speeds and Feeds AutomaticallyYou can specify the tool spindle speed and movement rates for anymachining cycle. However, EdgeCAM automatically calculates “speeds andfeeds” for the tool based upon data previously specified.

Using the technology database in the ToolStoreMaterial and Insert records are held in the Technology database and can beaccessed through the Technology tab of all tools in the ToolStore. Valuesloaded from the Technology database are shown "greyed out" as they cannotbe directly edited. These values are used by the system and are passed toEdgeCAM operations and cycles.

For further information on using material and insert data, please refer to thehelp in the ToolStore application.


27

To select material technology values in the Tool LibraryMaterial technology tables are held in the Material Technology database inthe Tool Library, but you can access them through the Model (Optionsmenu) command in Design mode.

For more information on using the Tool Library databases, see Searching forRecords.

1. Select the Model (Options menu) command in Design mode.

Specify a Rigidity factor. If the material is weak or the clamping systemexerts low holding forces, then you need to adjust this downwards. Forexample, a factor of 50% halves the theoretical speeds and feeds. Thisapplies to all tools used for the part.

2. Search the database.

All records matching your search are displayed.

3. Select the material data table you want to use.

To select tool technology values1. Use the Technology (Tooling menu) command in Manufacture mode if

you want to select any tool or material technology data for the currenttool.

2. Use the Cut Type parameter to determine which set of materialtechnology values you want to use from the current Material Technologytable. Select from None, Rough, Medium or Fine. The default Cut Type isMedium.

Select None to manually specify feed and speed parameters when theparameter input box for each cycle that you select for the current tool.

3. You can also specify a percentage Factor by which to multiply the valuesin the material technology tables. This is used to adjust the theoreticalspeeds and feeds for this tool only. For example, a long series endmillneeds to be driven slower than a short series endmill.

4. Click on OK.


28

Viewing the Current Technology ValuesSelect the Technology (Verify menu) command.

A window displays the current technology values, as in this example:

Technology (MildSteel)

Rigidity 100%Technology Factor 100%

DEPTH SPEED FEEDRATE PLUNGEFEED

(mm) (rev/min) (mm/rev/tooth)MEDIUM 4.00 250.00 0.25 0.25(Cut Type)tooling 100% 50% 100% 100%

(Final values) 4.00 125.00 0.25 0.25

The Rigidity and Technology Factor are multiplied with the values from theMaterial Technology table to produce the corrected values. The tool’sTechnology values (measured in percentages) are now multiplied with theMaterial Technology values. This increases or decreases the feeds andspeeds, depending on the grade of insert and the toughness of the material.

The material speed and feed values are based upon the material being cutwith a certain tool grade. If a tool has been selected where the grade of insertis inferior, the tooling percentages would therefore be lower to reflect thelower cutting performance of the tool.

The final values are what EdgeCAM uses as the default feeds and speeds forall cycles.

MaterialTechnology

table

Rigidityfactor

TechnologyfactorX X

ToolTechnology

tableX

=

CalculatedSpeeds and

Feeds


29

Material Technology TableThis defines the speeds and feeds to be used for different materials. Materialspeeds and feeds are based on machining data using a standard tool grade.

Tool Technology TableThis defines the modification to the Material Technology Table in percentageterms. For example, the tool used for the standard grade would use a factorof 100%, but a tool of a higher standard may use 130%, thus increasing theMaterial Technology Table values by 30%.

You can select the:

•••• Rigidity – Specified using the Rigidity parameter (a percentage) in theModel (Options menu) command.

•••• Technology Factor – Specified using the Factor parameter (apercentage) in the Technology (Tooling menu) command.

• Cut Type – Sets the column of the Material Technology table to be used.Specified using the Cut Type parameter in the Technology (Toolingmenu) command.

Defining New Material Technology TablesYou may find that you need to create a completely new material technologytable for your typical machining tasks. In this case you must define a newtable record in the Material Technology database in the Tool Library.

You can enter data into these tables based either on data from toolmanufacturers’ handbooks or from your own experience.

Remember which units you are working in – millimetres or inches. Youcannot mix values within a single record, but you can have two recordshowever, one for inches and one for millimetres. These records can have thesame name (as long as they are using different units).

Rough, Medium or Fine values can be selected for a cycle.

The values for Surface Speed are in either metres per minute or feet perminute.

The values for Feed 1 and Feed 2 are in “chip per tooth” (millimetres orinches per tooth).

The values for Depth are in millimetres or inches.


30

To create a new record in the Material Technology databaseBefore proceeding, you should be familiar with the Tool Library. See Usingthe Tool Library, and Searching for Records.

1. Switch to the Program Manager by holding down the Alt key andrepeatedly pressing the Tab key, releasing the Alt key when the boxlabelled Program Manager is displayed.

2. Select the Tool Library icon in the EdgeCAM program group.

The Tool Library window appears.

3. Select Material from the Technology menu.

The Material search window appears.

4. Enter search parameters for the new table.

5. Click on OK. The Tool Library searches for and displays a list of anymatching records.

6. Select the Insert operation control. The Insert Record window appears.

7. Enter the parameters of the new record.

8. Click on OK to save the record.

Selecting a Safe Distance for the ToolUse the Safe Distance (M-Functions menu) command to specify a safedistance for the tool in each of three dimensions. EdgeCAM ensures that thetool maintains these distances from the component between machiningpasses.

The default values are:

1mm (if you are using metric part units)

.05” (if you are using imperial part units)

In some circumstances, the safe distance must be a vector instead of X, Yand Z distances. In these cases, the vector sum of the safe distances isused:


31

Selecting a Safe Distance for the TurningToolUse the Safe Distance (M-Functions menu) command to specify a safedistance for the tool in each of two dimensions (or three dimensions if using YAxis machining). EdgeCAM ensures that the tool maintains these distancesfrom the component between machining passes.

The default values are:

1mm - (if you are using metric part units)

.05" - (if you are using imperial part units)

In some circumstances, the safe distance must be a vector instead of Z, Xand Y distances. In these cases, the vector sum of the safe distances isused:

For Rough Turning cycles, a Safe Distance move is added to the end of apass:


32

Using Miscellaneous (M-) FunctionsThe M-Functions menu contains several standard commands, but it alsocontains commands which EdgeCAM takes from the Code Generator file.These commands are specific to the machine tool corresponding to the CodeGenerator.

You can find out which miscellaneous functions are available by using the M-Functions (Verify menu) command.

Which parameters appear in the dialog depend on the machining disciplineand the Code Generator you are currently using. The list of available M-Functions includes:

Program Stop/Optional Stop

This command from the M-Functions menu is used to insert a program stop(for example, M0) or optional stop (for example, M01) into the instruction list.

It is usually used where the machine tool cannot automatically change tools,and the machine tool must be stopped so that the operator can manuallychange the tool.

It can also be used in process inspection, when clearing swarf, movingclamps and so on.

Coolant Mist/Flood/Off

These M-Functions menu commands control the state of the machine tool’scoolant system.

The Code Generator file controls the machine tool’s default coolant state.

Inserting a Dwell

Use the Dwell (M-Functions menu) command to dwell or pause the currentlyselected turret.

Changing the Feed Type

You can change the feedrate type of the tool from feed per minute to feed perrevolution using the Feed Type (M-Functions menu) command.

Selecting the Input Mode

You may want to switch between co-ordinate systems before enteringpositional data for creating geometry or specifying machining cycles.

Using the Input Mode (M-Functions menu) command, you can choosebetween:

Tool Local - Specifies the Z axis as equivalent at all times to the tool axis.This allows you to easily specify distances relative to the tool's currentposition.

Machine Tool - (Default) Any co-ordinate data input is in terms of theMachine Tool Co-ordinate System.


33

Selecting Constant Surface Speed

As a fixed tool cuts down towards the spindle of a turning centre, the cuttingspeed decreases as the circumference of the turned part decreases.

To ensure that the speed of the tool over the surface of the material staysconstant (a condition known as Constant Surface Speed, or CSS), use theCSS (M-Functions menu) command.

If you mark the CSS box, EdgeCAM uses constant surface speed (as the toolapproaches the centreline, the spindle speed increases).

If you want to return to using the default condition of fixed spindle speed, usethis command again but make sure that the CSS box is blank.

Update Fixtures

This command allows you to select and update fixtures for a machiningsequence at anytime during the sequence.

At the start of the machining sequence it is possible to nominate the initialfixture setup. Machining will then be carried out as usual. If the fixture setupthen changes midway through a machining sequence (for instance whenclamps are moved) you can use the command to update the fixture setup.

Fixture entities must be predefined using the Stock/Fixture (Geometry menu)command prior to using this function.

The initially nominated fixtures will be taken through into the Simulator. TheSimulator will subsequently update the fixture display during its runtime whenan Update Fixtures command is encountered.

Checking the Miscellaneous FunctionsYou can check the selections that have been made using M-Functions menucommands using the M-Functions (Verify menu) command.

A window should appear similar to this:

The actual items that appear depend upon your current Code Generator file.

Each Code Generator can add extra functions to the M-Functions menu.These functions can be switches (for example, Coolant On/Off) or values (forexample, New Offset). The Code Generator assumes one of the options as adefault (Coolant is assumed to be on unless otherwise specified). Therefore,if the function has not been used, the machine status reports -DEFAULT asshown above.


34

Checking the Part

Verifying the Machining ParametersUse the Machine Parameters (Verify menu) command to see the currentselections for the current machining sequence.

A window appears similar to this:

The actual items that appear depends upon your current Code Generator file.This is listed here as the Machine Tool.


35

Viewing the Machine Datum Co-ordinatesYou can view the Machine Co-ordinates by switching on the Status Bars,Machine Datum Co-ordinates option from the View menu. While you are inManufacture mode, a window shows the current co-ordinates of your tool:

The column on the left shows the co-ordinates of the tool with respect to theactive CPL (and can be displayed on its own by using the Status Bars, CPLCo-ordinates option).

The column on the right shows the co-ordinates of the tool with respect to theMachine Datum (which you set by checking the Machine Datum box whendefining a new Machining Sequence). The machine (MC) co-ordinatesupdate at the end of each cycle.

Turning Example

The top two sets of co-ordinates are for the Upper Turret, while the bottomtwo are for the Lower Turret.

The column on the left shows the co-ordinates of the tool(s) with respect tothe active CPL (and can be displayed on its own by using the Status Bars,CPL Co-ordinates option). The column on the right shows the co-ordinates ofthe tool(s) with respect to the Machine Datum (which you set by checking theMachine Datum box when defining a new Machining Sequence). Themachine (MC) co-ordinates update at the end of each cycle.

Wire Erosion Example

The column on the left shows the co-ordinates of the wire as it passesthrough the XY plane, with respect to the active CPL (and can be displayedon its own by using the Status Bars, CPL Co-ordinates option). The columnon the right shows the co-ordinates of the wire with respect to the MachineDatum (which you set by checking the Machine Datum box when defining anew Machining Sequence). The machine (MC) co-ordinates update at theend of each cycle.


36

Viewing Information on the PartYou can view information on the current part by switching on the Status Bars,Part Information option from the View menu.

Milling Example

Turning Example

If Override Angles have been specified for the tool, these are shown in placeof the clearance angles, in { } brackets:

Wire Example

The numbers in brackets are the Upper and Lower Guide heights (seeSelecting the Wire for details).


37

Moving the ToolThe type of tool movement available depends the machining discipline used.

In the Milling environment, the type of movement also depends on whether

the 2D Snap button is selected. The default is for this button to beselected. If the 2D Snap button is selected, the tool can only move in theworkplane at the current height.

Moving at the Rapid Rate (Milling andTurning environment)

Use the Rapid (Move menu) command to move the tool in a straightline at the rapid rate. The command is usually used to place the tool in aposition to begin a new machining operation or toolchange.

You can change the tool movement at the rapid rate to be in all three axes.To do this, select the Machine Parameters (M-Functions menu) and clickon the Rapid 3D parameter to put a cross in its box.

Important Note

Machine tools can move from point to point in two ways (see example):

• Resolved – When moving from point to point the toolpath is linear. Thismeans that one axis may move slower than the other, so that a straightline is achieved between points.

• Unresolved – When moving from point to point both axes accelerate atthe same rate until one axis has reached its position. The other axis thencompletes its move, thereby producing a ‘dog-leg’ move.

The Code Generator has a parameter that sets the rapid type for yourmachine.

It is important that the correct display is shown so that you can see if thetoolpath has inadvertently collided with the part. Please refer to your machinetool manual for details.


38

In the Milling environment, if Rapid 3D is not selected, the default methoddepends on whether the tool is moving:

a. Out of the work- the tool moves in the Z+ direction first, then in theworkplane.

b. Into the work – the tool moves in the workplane first, then in the Z-direction.

Note that some machine tool controllers can override the programmedrapid in three dimensions, in a similar manner to cases a and b describedabove. Please consult your machine tool manual for details.

You can also specify a different colour for your rapid moves. Select theColours (Options menu) command and set the Rapids & Normalsparameter.

Also see Editing Co-ordinates of Rapid and Feed Moves

Moving the Wire at the Rapid Rate

Use the Rapid (Move menu) command to generate a toolpath for amove in a straight line at the rapid rate.

Warning: Do not use this command while a wire is threaded.

Note that the Code Generator may already be configured to cut the wire andre-thread at the new location.


Moving at the Feed Rate

Use the Feed (Move menu) command to move the tool or wire to aposition at the feedrate. It should be used when the tool may come intocontact with the material.

Feed moves can also be used as “freehand” machining commands wheremore complex machining cycles are unnecessary.

In the milling environment, if 2D Snap is off, the feed move ignores all Zinformation (for example, from an entity digitise).



39

Editing Co-ordinates of Rapid and FeedMovesAll rapid and feed moves are listed on the Instructions tab in the EdgeCAMbrowser window on the left-hand side of the screen.

The entries can be expanded by clicking on the sign.

Note that displaying the individual co-ordinates in feed and rapid moves canslow down EdgeCAM when working with a part containing a large number ofinstructions. Uncheck the Display Co-ordinates option on the Toolpaths tabof the Preferences (Options menu) dialog if you do not wish to display theco-ordinates.

As you select co-ordinates in the browser, the node (a single position) in thetoolpath is highlighted in the graphics area. A right click on a co-ordinate inthe browser calls up the context menu which allows you to edit or deleteindividual existing co-ordinates or to insert new co-ordinates:


40

Editing co-ordinatesRight click on an existing co-ordinate in the browser and select Edit from thecontext menu. You can now specify new co-ordinates for this position by ausing a free digitise, snapping to an entity or using co-ordinate input and/orconstruction tools.

Note that ‘modal’ values inherited from the previous line are shown as blank.

Inserting new co-ordinatesRight click on an existing co-ordinate in the browser and select Insert fromthe context menu. You can now specify a new co-ordinate position by a usinga free digitise, snapping to an entity or using co-ordinate input and/orconstruction tools. The new position is inserted before the selected node.

If incremental values are input or if only some of the required co-ordinatesare given, the inserted node will be based on the position given in theprevious node.

If a co-ordinate value which has dependants in subsequent co-ordinatenodes or move instructions is changed then those dependent values(incremental or blank) will also update automatically.

(Milling only) Use of the 2D Snap option when creating co-ordinates will resultin Z values being modal, based on the last specified Z height.

Deleting co-ordinatesRight click on an existing co-ordinate in the browser and select Delete fromthe context menu. Multiple nodes can be deleted by holding down the “shift”or “control” key when selecting a range or multiple individual co-ordinates. Ifyou select all of the co-ordinates of a rapid or feed move for deletion, thewhole instruction will be removed.

If you make changes to the instruction list, the display is not updatedautomatically. Use the Refresh option to ensure that the instruction list isdisplayed correctly in the browser window.

Note:

• Double clicking on an a move or individual co-ordinate calls up therapid/feed move dialog. Checking the Coord Input box allows you tochange the position of the toolpath(s) by using free digitises, entitydigitises and/or explicit co-ordinates. However, when this option isselected the original toolpath is deleted and you need to re-specify allpositions for the toolpath without reference to the originals.

• If reference co-ordinates are used, the browser shows both the referencepoint and the required offset from it, e.g. (X 0.000 Y 50.000 Z 0.000) +X10.


41

Moving the Tool in an Arc at the Feedrate Milling and Turning environment only

Use the Arc (Move menu) command to move the tool in a circular motion inthe workplane at the specified feedrate.

Arc moves can also be used as “freehand” machining commands wheremore complex machining cycles are unnecessary.

2 Point – This parameter controls how the arc move is defined.

• If you check the box, you are prompted to digitise a midpoint and anendpoint for the arc move.

• If you leave the box unchecked, you are prompted to digitise the endpointof the arc. The arc leaves the last move at a tangent and finishes at theendpoint.

Moving the Tool around a Co-ordinate Axis Milling environment only

Use the Angular (Move menu) command to move the tool with reference toone or more co-ordinate axes.

These parameters specify the direction of motion:

X, Y, Z Co-ordinate – Specifies the movement along the X, Y or Z axis inpart units.

A, B, C Co-ordinate – Specifies the movement around the X, Y or Z axis indegrees. Your Code Generator must be capable of supporting thesemovements for these to be displayed.

You may also specify the feeds, speeds and whether the move is to be at theRapid or Feed rate.

Moving the Tool to the Toolchange Position Milling and Turning environment only

The default toolchange position is defined in the Code Generator file, and isspecified relative to the Machine Datum and in the orientation of the InitialCPL.

To move the tool to the toolchange position

Use the Toolchange (Move menu) command to return the tool to itstoolchange position.

If you use the button, the tool moves to the three dimensional locationspecified in the Code Generator and machine parameters.


42

If you select the command, you can specify these parameters:

Milling Turning

You might want to simply move the toolup in Z to the toolchange position ratherthan moving the tool to its default XYZposition. To do this, lock the X and Ypositions by marking the X Fixed and YFixed boxes.

You can also specify the First axis tomove the tool in.

You might want to simply move the tool up inX to the toolchange position rather thanmoving the tool to its default ZX position. Todo this, lock the Z position by checking the ZFixed box.

You can also specify the First axis to movethe tool in. This is useful when retractingtools from features such as bores andgrooves, where the tool can collide with thecomponent.

The default toolchange position may be changed using the Toolchangebutton in the Machine Parameters (M-Functions menu) command.

Moving the Tool to the Home PositionThe default home position is defined in the Code Generator file, and isspecified relative to the Machine Datum and in the orientation of the InitialCPL.

Use the Home (Move menu) command to move the tool to its homeposition. In Milling and Turning, the parameters are similar to those of theToolchange move.

The home position may be changed using the Tool Home button in theMachine Parameters (M-Functions menu) command.


43

Moving to the Initial Plane Milling environment only

Use the Initial Plane (Move menu) command to move the tool to theInitial Plane.

The Initial Plane is a height at which the tool is safe to move without any riskof colliding with any part of the workpiece, clamps or fixtures. The defaultvalue is taken from the Code Generator file.

You can set the height of the Initial Plane by specifying a value for the InitialPlane parameter in the Machine Parameters (M-Functions menu)command.

Note that while toolchange and home positions are defined in world co-ordinates the initial plane is defined from the intial CPL of the sequence.These two datum points may be different.

Freehand MillingRather than use specific commands listed under the Cycles menu, for simplemachining tasks you may find it easier to use commands for moving the toolat the feed rate.

You can use the Feed, Arc and Relative commands under the Move menu.

In this example, feed moves have been used to facemill a part:

As an alternative to the Profile (Cycles menu) command automaticallypositioning the tool, you may want to manually move the tool to the requiredposition. To do this, use the Relative (Move menu) cycle.

Use an offset value to distance the tool from the profile, select the entity tooffset from, and select feed as the type of move. This generates an offsetfeed move running parallel to an existing profile section.


44

In this example, a tool is moved relative to a piece of geometry:

As the tool moves relative to the geometry, the angle of the geometry doesnot matter.

Exact Tool Positioning in TurningIf you are, for example, moving into position for a profiling operation, youmust allow a safe distance:

• if the face is rough (sawn, or generally rough)

• if using Constant Surface Speed, to allow the spindle to adjust its speed

• if the exact position of the component is variable

• to avoid leaving marks on the final component.

You may encounter a problem when cutting a chamfer with a radiused tool.Normally the Gauge Point of the tool insert is driven along the geometry andtherefore the tool does not cut the correct profile.


45

This example shows that a toolpath based on the Gauge Point misses theprofile geometry:

The solution is to use the Move menu commands Relative, Relative Two orConstrained with Pathtrace Compensation selected. These cycles calculatethe real position for the tool and place the tool correctly.

Moving Relative to an Entity Milling and Turning environment only

Use the Relative (Move menu) command to position the tool with respect toa selected entity.

In this example a tool has been moved at the Feedrate relative to a lineentity, with the parameters Distance and Offset specified, and the Sideparameter = Left.


46

Moving Constrained by Entities Milling and Turning environment only

Use the Constrained (Move menu) command to move to a destination point,choosing from a variety of ways to constrain this motion using anotherselected entity.

This milling example shows a Constrained feed move, using the parametersMethod=Parallel to Entity and To X=10.

When using the Constrained command, the move type can be set to eitherFeed or Rapid. Note, however, that for non-linear moves the output willalways be in Feed mode. Rapid moves will be subject to the same “dog leg”restrictions that apply to all other rapid moves, depending on thecharacteristics of the selected machine tool.

Moving Relative to Two Entities Milling and Turning environment only

Use the Relative Two (Move menu) command to move the tool relative totwo other selected entities. The First and Second tabs display the movementparameters relative to the first and second entities respectively.

Otherwise, Relative Two uses the same parameters as the other movecommands, but with an important exception – the side of an entity nearest tothe tool is defined by which side you digitised the entity.


47

Selecting a CycleOnce you have selected a tool and possibly used a rapid move to bring thetool closer to the work, you are ready to select a machining cycle.

You can find all machining cycles permitted by the Code Generator fileselected for the machining sequence, and the current tool, under the Cyclesmenu.

Individual buttons provide another method of selecting the appropriate cycle(which of these are displayed on the toolbar is also determined by themachining sequence and the current tool).

Finishing a CommandThe help refers to the action ‘Perform a Finish’ when describing how to usecertain commands. In EdgeCAM, selecting the right hand mouse button willfinish a command.

Alternatively, selecting the Enter/Return key will also finish the command.

There is also an icon that can be added to your Toolbars. To add the icon,select Toolbars (View menu), and select the Input Options Toolbar fromthe list displayed on the Commands Tab.

The icon can be added to any Toolbar by selecting it with the left handmouse button and dragging it on to a Toolbar.


48

Using Cutter Compensation

Using Cutter Compensation in Milling CyclesEdgeCAM provides a powerful tool radius offset calculation. Many machinetool controllers also have a tool radius compensation facility, so when usingthe Profile (Cycles menu) command you need to consider which method willwork best for you.

The Radius Compensation (Tooling menu) command or buttons:

allow you to select the offset facility (the Tooling toolbar must be selectedusing Toolbars (View menu) to see these buttons).

If the Left or Right compensation buttons have been selected,compensation remains on until the Off or the other compensation button isselected. The compensation is further modified by the choice made in theCompensation parameter for a cycle. This can be either Pathtrace orController compensation.

If no compensation is applied, the CNC output is based purely on thecentreline toolpath. This button also switches off the current compensationsetting.

Note in using radius compensation in profile cycles

If mill type, profile side and radius compensation side are incompatible, awarning message is displayed. When regenerating parts from previousversions of EdgeCAM that were defined incorrectly, compensation sideoverrides the other parameters. This may cause the profile side to bereversed.

See AlsoUsing No Compensation

Using Controller Compensation

Using Pathtrace Compensation.


49

Using Wire CompensationEdgeCAM provides a powerful wire radius offset calculation. Many machinetool controllers also have a wire radius compensation facility, so when usingthe Machine Design (Cycles menu) command you need to consider whichmethod will work best for you.

The combination of the Radius Compensation and Compensationparameters in the Machine Design and 2D Profile (Cycles menu) cyclesdetermines what information is to be output when you generate the CNCcode from your machining sequence:

Radius Compensation Compensation

Pathtrace Controller

None Toolpath co-ordinates areto be output.

Recommended.

Design Intent co-ordinates tobe output.

Not recommended.

Left/Right Toolpath co-ordinates areto be output, but the tool isinstructed to use thecontents of an offset store.

Not recommended, as thischanges the actual size ofthe final component.

Design Intent co-ordinatesare to be output, but the toolis instructed to use thecontents of an offset store.

Recommended, especiallywhere many different wirediameters may be used.

Note that Radius Compensation is also available as a command from the Cyclesmenu.

See AlsoUsing No Compensation


Using Pathtrace Compensation


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Using No Compensation

Radius CompensationNone

Compensation Pathtrace

CNC output path Tool/wire centreline

If no compensation is applied, the CNC output is based purely on thecentreline toolpath.

The advantages of this method of output are:

• The tool/wire does not need a run-in onto the profile.

• The toolpath displayed on screen is an accurate representation of theoutput.

• Corner Type parameters are supported.

The disadvantages of this method are:

• The milling tool cannot be compensated for wear, therefore the part couldbe cut over- or under-size.

• CNC code is not as readable as it represents the centre of the cutterrather than the geometry.


Radius Compensation Left/Right

Compensation Controller

CNC output path Geometry or Design Intent

The CNC output is based on thegeometry of the profile or thedesign intent. The controllercompensates for the radius of themilling cutter/wire by using anoffset store within the control.


51

Notes in Using Controller Compensation in Milling• When the radius of the corner equals the tool radius, the shape of the

output corner is the same as the Corner Type parameter selected in thecycle.

• Profile cycles create a "back offset" NC path allowing for the tool radius.The compensated toolpath is only displayed in Manufacture and resideson the same layer as the toolpath.

Please note that compensation should only ever be applied in Profilecycles.

The advantages of controller compensation are:

• CNC code can be read more easily as the code represents the part.

• The milling tool’s size can be altered to allow for tool wear.

The disadvantages of this method are:

• Most controllers require the compensation code to be applied under strictrules. These rules can vary between controllers. See your controllerhandbook for details.

• Controllers normally need a run-in of at least the radius of the cutter/wire,but you may not have sufficient room around the part.

• EdgeCAM’s Pathtrace compensation is superior to most controllers.

• On external corners, if the Corner Type parameter is set to Round, thiswill be ignored as it is not part of the geometry (milling environment).

• The toolpath displayed on screen is not an accurate representation of theoutput.

Using Pathtrace CompensationRadius Compensation

Left/Right

Compensation Pathtrace

CNC output path Tool/wire centreline

The CNC output is based on the tool/wire centreline.

The controller compensates for the radius of the cutter/wire by using an offsetstore within the control. The operator must set this offset store to zero prior torunning the program.


52

To adjust for tool wear in the milling environment, the operator must changethe offset store value by the difference between the true tool diameter andthe programmed tool diameter.

The advantages of this method of output are:

• The milling tool’s size can be altered to allow for tool wear.

• EdgeCAM’s Pathtrace compensation is superior to most controllers.

• The toolpath displayed on screen is an accurate representation of theoutput.

• The controller does not need a run-in (as the radius of the cutter in theoffset store is set to zero), therefore the controller does not need acompensation move.

• Corner Type parameters are supported.

The disadvantage of this method is:

• CNC code is not as readable as it represents the centre of the cutterrather than the geometry.

Using Cutter Compensation in TurningCyclesEdgeCAM contains a powerful tool offset calculation facility for Turningcycles. Many machine tool controllers also have a tool nose radiuscompensation facility, so consider which method will work best for you.

The Radius Compensation (Tooling menu) command or buttons allow you to select the offset facility (the Tooling toolbar must beselected using Toolbars (View menu) to see these buttons).

Why use compensation at all? In this example the set point of a tool nose istaken from the two edges of the radius. This means that the tool is driven bythe bottom left hand corner of the nose. If this point is programmed round aprofile, material can be left on or undercut when the tool travels at an angle,producing an inaccurate part.

Using Pathtrace CompensationThis is applied using the Radius Compensation (Tooling menu) command:

PathcompTurning Centres are usually limited to simple forms of compensation forturning tools. EdgeCAM provides an extensive facility to compensate for thetool geometry. Selecting Pathcomp causes the output tool path to bereadjusted to cater for tool geometry. This is in effect until cancelled.


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Using Controller CompensationThe tool radius compensation facility on machine tool controls gives theconsiderable advantage of allowing the operator to adjust for tool wear andcomponent deflection (caused by cutting forces).

Controller compensation is applied with using the Radius Compensation

(Tooling menu) or buttons:

Left & RightApplies controller compensation. In the case of Fanuc-like controllers, G41 &G42 are inserted into the CNC code.

When controller compensation is applied, the programmed tool path is outputwith respect to the tool set point, and it is assumed that the CNC controller iscompensating for the Tool Nose Radius. This mode requires that thatcontroller offset registers and tool types are defined correctly. Refer to yourcontroller manual for details.

NoneCancels controller compensation. In the case of Fanuc-like controllers, G40 isinserted into the CNC code. This is the default condition.


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Displaying ToolpathsYou can use these methods to control how toolpaths appear on the graphicsscreen:

• Set the Colour parameter when selecting a tool. This determines thecolour of the tool/wire and all toolpaths created using it.*

• Use the Mode (View menu) command.

• Switch on the Simulation toolbar.

*You can also specify a different colour for your rapid moves. Select theColours (Options menu) command and set the Rapids & Normals parameter.

Controlling the Toolpath Mode

The Mode (View menu) command controls how tool motion isdisplayed on the screen. You can restrict the simulation to only cover specificinstructions in the instruction list and control the speed of tool/wire motion.

Simulating Tool MovementOnce a cycle that moves the tool/wire has been fully defined, the systemdisplays a simulated tool/wire in the graphics screen area, moving along thetoolpath generated by the cycle. This is controlled using the Simulationtoolbar:

The top slider shows the progress of the simulation throughout the instructionlist. The current cycle or command is displayed (‘Areaclear Milling’ in thisexample). You can narrow the selection to a smaller portion off the instructionlist by dragging the slider while holding down the Shift key, then click Zoom.Click Zoom again to return to the entire instruction list.

Control the simulation using these buttons:

You can control the speed of the simulation by moving the bottom slider, leftto slow down and right to speed up.


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Check the Constant box to set the simulated tool/wire to move at a fixedrate. Otherwise it will move at a rate proportional to the rates generated forthe cycle.

Please note that the simulation of toolpaths in Four Axis Turning cycles isonly correct when Constant is OFF.

Using the Stop button halts the simulation for the current tool only.

To switch on the Simulation toolbar

• Select Simulation from the Status Bar (View menu) command, OR

• Click on the Simulation button on the Display toolbar.

Displaying Solid ModelsA simple way of displaying solid models is to make sure you have checkedthe GLview option under the View menu.

1. Right click on the view status bar and select Properties.

2. Choose the Rendered option from the Display parameter on theGeneral tab.


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Editing Instructions in the Browser

EDITING INSTRUCTIONS ...................................................................................57COMBINING COMPONENTS AND SEQUENCES ....................................................59

Preparation of Base Parts .........................................................................60Insert and Merge in Use............................................................................60Notes on Inserting and Merging Sequences.............................................61

INSERTING SEQUENCES...................................................................................62MERGING SEQUENCES ....................................................................................63RE-ORDERING THE MACHINING INSTRUCTIONS IN A SEQUENCE .........................64

Merging Hole Cycles .................................................................................64Rationalising by Tool .................................................................................65Rationalising by Priority.............................................................................66Rationalising by CPL/Index .......................................................................67Example 1 – Rationalise by Tool Position .............................................................68Example 2 – Rationalise by CPL...........................................................................69Example 3 – Rationalise by Tool Position and then CPL ......................................70

MERGING HOLE CYCLES..................................................................................71Setting Parameters before Merging Hole Cycles......................................71Depth Parameters in Merged Cycles ....................................................................72Using the Merge Hole Cycles Command..................................................72Merging Hole Cycles - Example................................................................73Merging into Multiple Cycles - Example ....................................................74

USING INSTRUCTIONS MENU COMMANDS .........................................................75Choosing the Editing Options....................................................................76Selecting from the Instruction List .............................................................77Respecifying Co-ordinate Input.................................................................77

Editing InstructionsThe browser window on the left-hand side of the EdgeCAM screen shows allassociated machining sequences and instructions related to the current part.

By default, the instructions in the Browser window are numbered as this canbe useful when a part has a large number of similar instructions. To displaythe instructions without numbers, please ensure that the NumberInstructions option on the Toolpath tab of the Preferences (Optionsmenu) dialog is unchecked.

If a Sort Priority has been assigned to a toolchange this priority will bedisplayed in the Instructions Browser to the right of the instruction number.

Editing Instructions

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As explained under Browsing the Instruction List, you can use this window toedit the current instruction list.

Notes• Only commands that are included in the instruction list can be edited,

moved or deleted.

• Editing one or more sub-instructions within an Operation breaks theOperation down into its constituent cycles.

• If you edit an Index (Move menu) command, all subsequent commandsmay be invalidated.

• Once the instruction list has been changed, EdgeCAM recalculates thetoolpath according to the new geometry.

• In the milling and turning environment, the Merge Sequences(Instructions menu) command allows you to merge two or moresequences into one by appending the instructions in the second andsubsequent sequences to those in the current sequence. See MergingSequences.

• In the milling environment, the Rationalise (Instructions menu)command allows you to re-order the instructions in a single sequence torationalise the NC file by one or more criteria. See Re-ordering theMachining Instructions in a Sequence


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Combining Components and SequencesIt is possible to, optionally, insert sequences when inserting a part as acomponent into another part. It is also possible to then merge the separatesequences into a single sequence and to rationalise that sequence by tool,index angle or CPL. Whilst these three functions have been designed to worktogether, primarily in a multiplane milling environment, they may also be usedseparately and also in 3 axis milling or in turning.

When merging sequences in multiplane milling the Profile cycle is liable tocorruption. To ensure that inserting and merging function correctly, profilesmust be created in a defined view, not in "dynamic".

The most common use for these features is in loading components onto amachine with rotary axes so that a combination of parts or multiples of thesame part can be machined.

This use of Insert and Merge is the most complex and is described below insome detail. The principles laid down here, and the techniques suggested,can also be applied in other circumstances such as multiple parts laid on aflat machine bed or sub-programs merged into a single final program for aturning application. Please note that since datum shifting is not supported inturning only sequences utilizing common initial and machine datum pointscan be successfully merged.

The use of both Insert and Merge offers considerable flexibility in approachbut for maximum ease of use it is suggested that you follow a few simpleguidelines:

1. For each machine tool, a "Base Part" containing the machine's basic setup and configuration should be created. Common use fixtures such as amachined cube should be incorporated. This part should contain a singlesequence with the Code Generator reference and with home/toolchangepositions, initial plane, initial CPL and machine datum points correctlyconfigured. When you merge sequences, the current sequence iscopied to form the new sequence. For this reason it is important that yourcurrent sequence has been created correctly for your machine tool,especially with regard to the machine datum and initial CPL.

2. Suitable location or mounting positions should be created as CPLs on thecube faces.

3. Parts to be inserted as components should always be created with a"location" CPL in position to enable easy placement on the machine. Iffixtures are used they may be incorporated into the component with the"location" CPL on the back face of the fixture.

4. When components are inserted the target part will, inevitably, build up alarge number of CPLs. Whilst EdgeCAM will ensure that there are noname clashes, you may find it helpful to use the "Name Prefix" field in theInsert Component dialog. This enables all CPLs and layers relating to aparticular component to be identified.

It is strongly recommended to use the following suggested method for use ofInsert and Merge in a multiplane environment. In other environments theseprocedures can be adapted accordingly.


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Preparation of Base Parts

1. Create a base part for each machine tool with cube or tombstone etc. inplace and with the machine datum (centre of primary rotation) marked.

2. If common location points on the faces of the cube are to be used, createCPLs at those positions.

3. Create an empty sequence with the required code generator, initial CPLand machine tool datum (centre of rotation). Check thathome/toolchanges and initial plane entries are correct.

4. Save this as a "Base Part" for that machine. Make a backup copy as aguard against accidental over-writing.

5. When creating component parts to be used on this machine alwayscreate a CPL that matches the position of the location points. Giving thisCPL a common name in all such parts makes life easier, e.g. "Location".

6. If fixtures are to be used as separate .ppf files give each a CPL forlocation of the component and a CPL for positioning the fixture on thecube. Standardise the CPL names but remember they will be modified oninsertion.

When you merge sequences, the current sequence is copied to form thenew sequence. For this reason it is important that your current sequence hasbeen created correctly for your machine tool, especially with regard to themachine datum and initial CPL.

Insert and Merge in Use

1. Load base part and save as required combined part name.

2. Insert component(s) as required, placing location CPL on mountingCPLs.

3. Switch to manufacture.

4. If necessary, edit sequences to change to the correct Code Generator.

5. Select base sequence and pick "Merge Sequences" from browser menuor Instructions menu.

6. Select sequences required by moving them from left panel to right. Fill innew sequence name etc. and click OK.

7. Check through the newly created sequence and remove any unwantedinstructions. Carefully check all clearances etc, especially when indexing.


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Notes on Inserting and Merging SequencesRealignment of ToolpathsWhere regeneration of a sequence results in realignment of the toolpath tosuit machine tool axes, any angles and free digitise positions used in theinstructions will also be realigned and measured from the machine tool axes.This means that such angles and positions may move relative to thecomponent. This is most likely to occur when components are inserted at anangle to the target CPL.

If a rapid or feed move position is considered critical and it is intended torotate the part in this way then you should create a geometric point in therequired position and make an entity digitise for the move. If angles, such aslace cycle angle or thread mill start/end angles, are critical then they must bere-adjusted after the realignment.

Post ProcessorsAll sequences must use the same code generator when merging.

The success of insert and merge operations is utterly dependent on thecompatibility of the code generator files in use and the machine toolrequirements. You must ensure that you have set your Code Generator filescorrectly for all possible instances of Index and Datum Shift commands.

Inserted sequences retain their machine datum. When sequences aremerged the current or base sequence machine datum is used.

Safe IndexingIt is vital that all index moves be performed with the tool at a safe height. Youmust ensure that individual parts are programmed with this in mind and thatany merged sequences are thoroughly checked in an appropriate view toensure safety.

The toolchange heights and initial plane value should reflect actual machinetool requirements.

All index commands in parts to be inserted as components should be tonamed CPLs (Position To Name). The way in which indexing by anglehandles datum positions may not give the required result.

Component PrefixesWhen inserting multiple components into a part, EdgeCAM will rename CPLs,layers, sequences etc. with an appended number to ensure that the integrityof each component is maintained. This can become confusing and it isrecommended to specify a name prefix for each component inserted so thatthe CPLs and layers relevant to individual components are easily identifiable.

Rotary MillingThe Insert Component and Merge Sequence commands are not supported inrotary milling.

Wire ErosionMerging Sequences is restricted to the milling and turning environment andwill not appear in the wire manufacture mode.

PCIPCI command recording and playback is not supported for merge sequences.

TurningDatum shift is not supported by EdgeCAM for turning parts. For this reasonall inserted components with sequences must use the same target CPL.


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Inserting SequencesRequires the Multiplane Machining licence

The Insert, Component (File menu) command allows you to insert acomponent and its machining sequences into the active part. Please notethat sequences are not inserted if their part units are different.


To insert a component with machining sequences1. Select the Insert, Component (File menu) command. The dialog offers

the following commands:

2. Check the Segregate Layers option if you want all entities to remain ontheir existing layers. The layers will be renamed, with the nameconsisting of the inserted part name followed by the original layer and anumber representing the instance of insertion of that part (1,2,3 etc.). Ifthis box has not been checked, part name and incremental numberingwill not be used and all entities from a particular layer in the source partwill be placed on the same layer in the target part.

3. Check the Insert Sequences option.

4. Enter or Browse for the Name of the .ppf part file to be inserted.

5. Specify the Target and Source CPLs.

CPL Source – Nominate the CPL in the named part.This determines howthe geometry is to be inserted into the current part. Select from NamedList or Digitise a user-defined CPL.

CPL Target – Nominate the CPL onto which to insert the component.Select from Digitise or a list of available CPLs in the current environment.If you choose Digitise, you are prompted to digitise the appropriate CPLmarker.

Datum shift is not supported by EdgeCAM for turning parts. Allinserted components with sequences must use the same target CPL.


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6. When components are inserted the target part will build up a largenumber of CPLs. The Name Prefix option enables you to easily identifyall CPLs and layers relating to a particular component.

7. Enter any required Rotation about the Z axis of the target CPL. Centre ofrotation will be that of the target part not that of the source part(s).

8. Click OK.

Note: The 'Undo' functionality is not supported when insertingcomponents with sequences.

Merging SequencesOnly available in the milling and turning environment. Please note that thisfunction is not supported by rotary milling.

The Merge Sequences command allows you to merge two or moresequences into one by appending the instructions in the second andsubsequent sequences to those in the current sequence. For more detailedinformation on common use and recommended methods, please refer toCombining Components and Sequences.

All sequences to be merged must use the same Code Generator.


When you merge sequences, the current sequence is copied to form thenew sequence. For this reason it is important that your current sequence hasbeen created correctly for your machine tool, especially with regard to themachine datum and initial CPL.

To merge sequences1. Highlight a base sequence in the browser and call up the Merge

Sequences command, either via the context menu (right-hand mouseclick) or the Instructions menu. This will open the Merge Sequencedialog.

2. The Current Sequence field specifies the name of the base sequence.When merging, the current sequence is copied to a new name and allother selected sequences are appended in order.

3. Specify the name for the new (merged) sequence in the Descriptionfield. By default, the name of the new sequence is created by appending.1, .2 etc to the name of the current sequence.

4. Job file names allocated to the sequences being merged will not becarried over to the new (merged) sequence. If you want to allocate a jobfile to this sequence you must enter the required name in the Job Namefield.

5. Select sequences required by moving them from the list of AvailableSequences on the left to the list of Selected Sequences on the right.You can do this by simply highlighting the required sequence(s) andpressing the single arrow. The double arrow allows you to move allsequences to the right panel. To change the order in which sequencesare merged, select one or more in the right-hand panel and use thearrows on the extreme right to change their relative positions. Sequenceswill be merged in the order shown when the command is executed.


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6. Specify the required Datum Type. You must take into account therequirements of your machine tool when making this choice. Also bear inmind any limit on the number of definable datum points when planning amerged sequence.

7. Check the Remove Tool Positions option to set all tool positions toblank in the merged sequence. You will need to re-specify theseparameters for all toolchanges by editing the appropriate toolchangedialog. If this option is not checked, it is assumed that you are happy withthe sequences and no changes will be made. Please note that option isonly offered once for each merge commend and there will be no furtherchecks for compatibility.

8. Click OK.

Note: The 'Undo' functionality is not supported when merging sequences.

Re-ordering the Machining Instructions in aSequence

Only available in the milling environment.

The Rationalise (Instructions menu) command allows you to re-order theinstructions in a single sequence to rationalise the NC file by one or morecriteria.

You can choose between sorting the instructions by Tool (default setting),CPL or Index.

• Rationalisation will always be applied to the currently selected sequence.

• When re-ordering by several criteria sorting must be done in the reverseorder. Also see Example 3.

• The Undo command is not supported by this function. The sortedsequence is created as a new sequence and can easily be deleted, if notrequired. The new ‘duplicate’ machining sequence will automatically berenamed by appending ‘.1’.The original sequence will not be changed bythe rationalisation process. Once you are satisfied with the re-orderedsequence you can delete the original sequence.

• Sequences containing instructions in “Matrix Mode” cannot berationalised.

Merging Hole CyclesWhen sequences are rationalised, a number of cycles are frequently groupedtogether for machining by a single tool. In the case of hole cycles this givesrise to a canned cycle (G81 etc) in the NC file for each EdgeCAM cycleinstruction. The Merge Hole Cycle option on the Rationalise Sequence(Instructions menu) dialog enables you to group such instructions into asingle cycle so that multiple, identical holes may be drilled with one G81canned cycle. Please note that this option is only available whenrationalise is by tool. Also see Merging Hole Cycles.

Ensure that you have carefully checked the re-ordered sequence beforedeleting the old one and using the new one.


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Rationalising by ToolInstructions will be selected by turret position ONLY. If different tools havebeen assigned to the same position the one assigned first will be used. Awarning will be given if a different tool type, diameter(s), corner radius, angleor description is encountered on a previously used turret position.

The sorting mechanism will work through the sequence sorting by tool as thefirst instance of use is found. If a tool is required to be exempted from sortingyou will have to edit it to another turret position number and then reset it afterthe sorting is complete.

A check will be made to ensure that a turret position has been specified for alltools. If not, a warning will be given and the faulty toolchange indicated in thebrowser.

Changes to Tlo offset register for a given tool position will be maintained. Ifthis situation is encountered a toolchange command will be used to changethe value. No other tool parameters will be changed and there will be aretract to safe height before the toolchange instead of a return to toolchangeposition.

All instructions using the tool will be moved with it. Any necessary index ordatum shift instructions to give correct orientation from the precedinginstructions will be inserted.

Where groups of instructions are brought together by the rationalisationprocess a move to safe Z will always be inserted. This will prevent thecreation of 3D rapid moves that could scrap the part or be a safety hazard. Ifrequired, you can remove such moves afterwards.

Rationalise will insert retract moves to the Z of the toolchange position beforeinserted index and datum shift instructions. Index commands will be insertedwith the “shortest” direction modifier set.

There are circumstances when sorting by tool in order of first use doesnot give you the desired results. In this case, an alternative method of sortingby tool can be used. See Rationalising by Priority.

When sequences are rationalised, a number of cycles are frequentlygrouped together for machining by a single tool. In the case of hole cyclesthis gives rise to a canned cycle (G81 etc) in the NC file for each EdgeCAMcycle instruction. The Merge Hole Cycle option on the RationaliseSequence (Instructions menu) dialog enables you to group suchinstructions into a single cycle so that multiple, identical holes may be drilledwith one G81 canned cycle. Please note that this option is only availablewhen rationalise is by tool.


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Rationalising by PriorityThere are circumstances when sorting by tool in order of first use does notgive you the desired results. For some combinations of cycles this can, forexample, reverse the order of roughing and finishing, with dangerous results.

To overcome this scenario, you can assign a sort priority to each toolchangeby specifying a Sort Priority modifier on the More tab of the toolchangedialog. Sorting will then be performed by order of first use within each prioritygroup. All tools with the same priority will be sorted by order of first use,followed by those with the next priority and so on in ascending numericalorder.

If a Sort Priority has been assigned to a toolchange this priority will bedisplayed in the Instructions Browser to the right of the instruction number.

Usage Tips:It is much easier to set the priority of tools in the individual part files whendeveloping the machining sequence before rationalising the mergedsequence. We would suggest that types of tools are given a pre-definednumber that relates to a type of operation.

For example:

100 = Roughing

200 = Semi roughing

300 = Semi finishing

400 = Finishing

500 = Centre Drill / Spot face

600 = Drilling

700 = Tapping / Reaming / Boring

When the merged sequence is rationalised the priority order will ensure thatall roughing is carried out before any semi-roughing and semi-roughing isperformed before any semi-finishing etc.

Any final changes to the tooling order can be achieved by adjusting the SortPriority after rationalisation.

For example you may wish to change the order of two roughing tools (bothhave Priority 100) by changing the sort priority for one of them to 101 or 99.Once all the final changes have been made run Rationalise by Tool again tore-order the sequence.


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Rationalising by CPL/IndexSort by Index is ordering by resultant rotary axis positions. If two or moreCPLs result in the same rotary axis positions then the instructions associatedwith them will be combined, e.g. the front face of a component on a cubemight be machined at the same time as side faces of components mountedon adjacent sides. Datum changes will be retained by insertion of a datumshift command.

Sort by CPL works on CPL name only. Identical (rotary angle and datumposition) CPLs will be combined but CPLs having the same rotation but adifferent datum will not.

When sorting by Index or CPL additional toolchanges with safe moves to thetoolchange position will be inserted as required. The data for thesetoolchanges will be copied from that associated with the instructions in theoriginal sequence (including both turret position and Tlo number).

For the purpose of this operation, a “toolchange” is taken to mean therelevant toolchange instruction together with its move to toolchange positionand any M-Functions that precede the toolchange (back to the precedingcycle command or feed move).

For repeats of the first toolchange, the preceding M-Functions and move totoolchange position will be taken from the next toolchange instruction.

Where groups of instructions are brought together by the rationalisationprocess a move to safe Z will always be inserted. This will prevent thecreation of 3D rapid moves that could scrap the part or be a safety hazard. Ifrequired, you can remove such moves afterwards.

Sort by Index or CPL will take account of both primary and secondary rotationaxes where both exist.


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Example 1 – Rationalise by Tool Position

Original Sequence Sort by Tool PositionInitial CPL 1Tool 1 Instructions AZ Safe Index to CPL 2 Instructions BMove to ToolChangeTool 4 Instructions CMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions DZ Safe Index to CPL 1 Instructions E Z Safe Index to CPL 2A (Same index position as CPL2)Instructions F Move to ToolChangeTool 2 Instructions GMove to ToolChange Tool 7 Instructions HZ Safe Index to CPL1Instructions I Move to ToolChange Tool 2 Instructions J

Return to Home

Initial CPL 1Tool 1 Instructions AZ Safe Index to CPL 2 Instructions BMove to ToolChangeTool 4 Instructions CMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions DZ Safe Index to CPL 1 Instructions E Z Safe Index to CPL 2Instructions F Move to ToolChangeTool 2 Instructions GZ SafeIndex to CPL 1Instructions J Move to ToolChangeIndex to CPL 2 Tool 7 Instructions HZ Safe Index to CPL1Instructions I

Return to Home


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Example 2 – Rationalise by CPL

Original Sequence Sort by CPLInitial CPL 1Tool 1 Instructions AZ Safe Index to CPL 2 Instructions BMove to ToolChangeTool 4 Instructions CMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions DZ Safe Index to CPL 1 Instructions E Z Safe Index to CPL 2A (Same index position as CPL2)Instructions F Move to ToolChangeTool 2 Instructions GMove to ToolChange Tool 7 Instructions HZ Safe Index to CPL1Instructions I Move to ToolChange Tool 2 Instructions J

Return to Home

Initial CPL 1Tool 1 Instructions AMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions E Move to ToolChange Tool 7 Instructions I Move to ToolChange Tool 2 Instructions J Move to ToolChangeTool 1 Index to CPL 2 Instructions BMove to ToolChangeTool 4 Instructions CMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions DZ Safe Instructions F Move to ToolChangeTool 2 Instructions GMove to ToolChange Tool 7 Instructions H

Return to Home


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Example 3 – Rationalise by Tool Position and then CPL

Original Sequence Sort by Tool Position and then CPL*Initial CPL 1Tool 1 Instructions AZ Safe Index to CPL 2 Instructions BMove to ToolChangeTool 4 Instructions CMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions DZ Safe Index to CPL 1 Instructions E Z Safe Index to CPL 2A (Same index position as CPL2)Instructions F Move to ToolChangeTool 2 Instructions GMove to ToolChange Tool 7 Instructions HZ Safe Index to CPL1Instructions I Move to ToolChange Tool 2 Instructions J

Return to Home

Initial CPL 1Tool 1 Instructions AMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions E Move to ToolChangeTool 2Instructions J Move to ToolChangeTool 7 Instructions I Move to ToolChangeTool 1Index to CPL 2 Instructions BTool 4 Instructions CMove to ToolChangeTool 3 Instructions DZ Safe Instructions F Move to ToolChangeTool 2 Instructions GMove to ToolChange Tool 7 Instructions H

Return to Home

* Note that the sorting criteria were applied in reverse order, i.e. Sort by CPL (the “primary”criterion) was the second on applied.


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Merging Hole CyclesWhen sequences are rationalised, a number of cycles are frequently groupedtogether for machining by a single tool. In the case of hole cycles this givesrise to a canned cycle (G81 etc) in the NC file for each EdgeCAM cycleinstruction.

The Merge Hole Cycle option on the Rationalise Sequence (Instructionsmenu) dialog enables you to group such instructions into a single cycle sothat multiple, identical holes may be drilled with one G81 canned cycle andnot many individual canned cycles each drilling one hole.

You can merge hole cycles if the following conditions are met:

• the cycle parameters are equal or compatible (see Setting Parametersbefore Merging Hole Cycles)

• the cycles are adjacent except for rapid Z moves, repeat modal functions(such as instruction 9 in the example) and self-cancelling pairs of modalfunctions (e.g. Coolant Off followed by Coolant Flood)*

* Self-cancelling pairs of spindle and coolant instructions will be removedfrom between cycles that are being merged. This action is controlled by theinstruction number (Code Generator macro number) and custom posts usingdifferent macro numbers may produce unexpected results.

Where a number of cycles are to be merged and there are some intermediateinstructions that prevent merging into one cycle, the cycles will be mergedinto multiple cycles separated by the appropriate commands (see example).

The Merge Hole Cycle command is only available for Code Generatorsthat support multilevel/multidepth drilling.

When using the Merge Hole Cycle command compatible cycles withdifferent Feature Name settings are not merged. For this reason, the FeatureName modifier should be left blank if the hole cycles are to be merged.

You must ensure that merged cycles act in the required way and that thetoolpaths produced are safe and clear of any obstacles such as fixtures etc.

Setting Parameters before Merging HoleCyclesThe following parameters must be identical in all affected cycles to allow amerge of those cycles:

General tab* - Strategy, Plunge Feed, Speed, Dwell Time, Tap Cycle,Longhand

Step tab - Cut Increment, Degression, Safe Distance

Entry tab - Tool Diameter, Entry Depth, Entry Feed

Filtering parameters will be ignored as they are used for data input controlrather than processing of the cycle.

* If all of the cycles to be merged have the same Optimisation setting thenthe new cycle will be optimised by that method. If cycles have differentoptimisation the combined cycle is set to <none> and is not optimised. Theorder of drilling will be as if cycles had never been optimised and thus thetoolpath may change.


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Depth Parameters in Merged Cycles• If Level/Depth is constant for all merged cycles the Level/Depth field will

be set to that value. If the cycles contain coordinates at different levels orrequire drilling to different depths the Multi Level and/or Multi Depthcheckboxes will be set automatically for the combined cycle. The Depthand Level parameters will be stored for each hole in the cycle.

• The clearance plane will be set at the highest Clearance value specifiedin the merged cycles and intermediate retracts (except retracts totoolchange Z).

• Retract will be set to the highest Retract value within the merged cycles.

Using the Merge Hole Cycles CommandBefore merging your hole cycles it is suggested that you follow a few simpleguidelines:

1. Ensure that the parameters for the cycles that are to be merged areequal or compatible (see Setting Parameters before Merging HoleCycles).

2. When specifying the Optimisation setting for your hole cycles you willneed to consider the following points. If all of the cycles to be mergedhave the same Optimisation setting then the new cycle will be optimisedby that method. If cycles have different optimisation the combined cycleis set to <none> and is not optimised. The order of drilling will be as ifcycles had never been optimised and thus the toolpath may change.

3. Self-cancelling pairs of spindle and coolant instructions (e.g. Coolant Offfollowed by Coolant Flood) will be removed from between cycles that arebeing merged. This action is controlled by the instruction number (CodeGenerator macro number) and custom posts using different macronumbers may produce unexpected results.

4. You must ensure that merged cycles act in the required way and that thetoolpaths produced are safe and clear of any obstacles such as fixturesetc.

5. Ensure that the Feature Name modifier for the hole cycles to merged hasbeen left blank as otherwise compatible cycles with different FeatureName settings are not merged.

6. Once you are satisfied that all these points have been considered, selectthe Rationalise (Instructions menu) command and ensure that thedefault option By Tool is selected.

7. Check the Merge Hole Cycles option and click OK.


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Merging Hole Cycles - ExampleRationalising a cycle without intermediate functions will give the followingresult:

1 T1 milling Cutter: CDRILL

2 Spindle CLW

3 Hole-Cycle Drill

4 Rapid Z Clear

5 Hole Cycle Drill

6 Return to Toolchange

Rationalising an operation will give the following result:

1 Coolant Off

2 Milling Cutter: Drill

3 Coolant Flood

4 Spindle CLW

5 Hole-Cycle Drill

6 Coolant Off

7 Rapid Z Clear

8 Coolant Flood

9 Spindle CLW

10 Hole-Cycle Drill


In both cases, if the cycle clearance height is equal to the toolchange height,the Rapid Z Clear is omitted.

If you check the Merge Hole Cycles option both examples would appear likethis:

1 T1 milling Cutter: CDRILL

2 Spindle CLW

3 Hole-Cycle Drill


Note that the self-cancelling instructions from between the cycles have beenremoved.


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Merging into Multiple Cycles - ExampleWhere a number of cycles are to be merged and there are some intermediateinstructions that prevent merging into one cycle, the cycles will be mergedinto multiple cycles separated by the appropriate commands.

Using the Merge Hole Cycles command when rationalising this sequence

Tool: 1

Hole-Cycle, positions 1, 2, 3

Hole-Cycle, position 4

Optional Stop

Spindle CLW

Coolant Flood

Hole-Cycle, positions 5, 6

Coolant Off

Rapid Z to Clearance

Spindle CLW

Coolant Flood

Hole-Cycle positions 7, 8, 9

Return to Tool Change

would produce the following result

Tool: 1

Hole-Cycle, positions 1, 2, 3, 4

Optional Stop

Coolant Flood

Hole-Cycle, positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Return to Tool Change


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Using Instructions Menu CommandsSeveral commands in the Instructions menu allow you to alter existingcommands in the current instruction list.

Notes• Only commands that are included in the instruction list can be edited,

moved or deleted.

• If you edit an Index (Move menu) command, all subsequent commandsmay be invalidated.

• Editing one or more sub-instructions within an Operation breaks theOperation down into its constituent cycles.

• Once the instruction list has been changed, EdgeCAM recalculates thetoolpath according to the new geometry.

The Instructions menu commands are:

Edit – Change a command’s parameters and any related co-ordinateinput. If you have deleted any entities, you must respecify the entitiesrequired by the machining cycle. You can select more than one command atthe same time. Aborting or Escaping at this stage deletes the cycle.

Edit Screensnap – Change a command’s parameters and any relatedco-ordinate input by digitising the appropriate toolpath.

Insert – On/off toggle. When on, it allows a new instruction(s) to beinserted.

Move – Move a command’s position within the list. You may have tocreate commands out of sequence, but Move allows you to correct the orderof events. You can select more than one command at the same time.

An example of this is when drilling a start hole for pocketing - you don’t knowwhere to drill the hole until after the Areaclear cycle has finished.

Copy – Duplicate a command at another location in the instruction list.

Delete – Remove a command from the instruction list. You can selectmore than one command at the same time.

Regenerate – Regenerates the machining sequence from the selectedinstruction onwards.

Regenerate Screensnap – Regenerates the machining sequence fromthe digitised toolpath onwards.

Synchronise – (Only used for Four Axis Turning) Inserts a turretsynchronisation command into the instruction list.


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View – Displays the machining sequence from the selected instructiononwards, including parameter input and screen digitises.

View Screensnap – Displays the machining sequence from thedigitised toolpath onwards, including parameter input and screen digitises.

Simulate - Displays a tool simulation from the selected instruction onwards.

Simulate Screensnap – Displays a tool simulation from the digitisedtoolpath onwards.

Operation – All subsequent instructions are grouped under an Operationname, until you select the Operation command again.

Rationalise – (Milling environment only) Enables you to re-order theinstructions in a single sequence to rationalise the NC file by one or morecriteria. Choose between sorting by Tool, CPL or Index. Also see Re-orderingthe Machining Instructions in a Sequence.

Choosing the Editing OptionsIf you have selected a command using the Instructions menu, you can thenchoose your editing options:

Screen Snap – Check this box to select the command by digitising theappropriate toolpath, rather than by selecting the command from theinstruction list.

Operations – Check this box to list only those operations defined in thecurrent machining sequence, rather than all commands in the instruction list.Operations can be defined with the Operation (Instructions menu) command.

Global – Check this box to alter the Feeds, Speeds and Depth... parametersfor all selected commands.

Redraw – Check this box to redraw the screen after you have edited theinstruction list.

Disable Automatic Regeneration – Check this box to only regenerate theselected instructions. EdgeCAM defaults to regenerating all subsequentinstructions, which you might consider unnecessary and time-consuming ifyou were simply changing the colour of the toolpath.

Caution – To avoid invalid results you should regenerate the toolpathbefore saving or generating CNC code.Click OK when you want to proceed.


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Selecting from the Instruction ListUnless you previously chose the Screen Snap option, you are nowpresented with this box showing all the available commands in the currentinstruction list that may be edited, moved or deleted.

1. Click on one or more commands from the list.

2. Click OK to continue.

Respecifying Co-ordinate InputOnce you have selected all the instructions that you want to edit, you arepresented with the dialog box for each command in turn.

• If a command needs you to input co-ordinate information, a newparameter is shown on the dialog - Coord Input.

Select one or more of the options. You can re-specify the co-ordinateinformation for each of these aspects of the cycle after you click OK forthe cycle parameter input dialog box.

• Coord Input may appear instead as follows:

Check this box to respecify the co-ordinates required by EdgeCAM. Onceyou click on the OK button you are promted to enter this information inthe usual manner for the particular command.


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Editing the Toolpath

DELETING A SECTION OF A TOOLPATH....................................................................80EDITING A SECTION OF A TOOLPATH.......................................................................80SPLITTING A TOOLPATH .........................................................................................80TRANSFORMING THE TOOLPATHS...........................................................................81

Notes on Translate Command ........................................................................83Using Matrix Mode ..........................................................................................84

Please note that these options are only available in the milling and turningenvironment

Several commands allow you to edit the toolpath itself. These can be selectedfrom Toolpath (Edit menu):Section - Changes a toolpath section.

Split - Breaks up a toolpath.

Delete - Deletes a toolpath section.

Note that once a toolpath has been edited using one of these commands, it is nolonger a normal machining instruction and cannot be edited or regenerated.Toolpaths that have been edited will be shown with an appropriate comment afterthe command name in the instruction list.


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Deleting a Section of a ToolpathThe command Toolpath Delete (Edit menu) lets you remove part of a toolpathbetween two selected points. The system then creates a linear tool move to linkthe two parts of the toolpath.

Link Control – (Milling only) Specifies how the link moves are to be created.Select Shortest to create a single linear move. Select Retract to create a verticalmove to the Retract plane (defined below) before adding a link move.

Depth Parameters – (MIlling only) Specifies the Clearance and Retract depthlevels used by the system to generate the link moves.

Screen Snap – Check this box to select a toolpath from the screen rather than acommand from the instruction list.

Editing a Section of a ToolpathThe command Toolpath Section (Edit menu) lets you change part of a toolpathbetween two selected points.

Location – Check this box to move a node on the toolpath. If you reposition anarc move, it will change into a linear move.

Feedrate – Specify the tool feedrate in the workplane for the selected part of thetoolpath.

Plunge Feed – (Milling only) Specify the vertical tool feedrate (into and out of theworkplane) for the selected part of the toolpath.

Speed – Specify the spindle speed to be used during the selected part of thetoolpath.

Rapid – Check this box to change the selected part of the toolpath to all rapidmoves.

Screen Snap – Check this box to select the toolpath from the screen rather thanfrom the instruction list.

Splitting a ToolpathThe command Toolpath Split (Edit menu) lets you break a toolpath at aselected point to produce two separate toolpaths. This lets you insert newcommands between the two toolpaths.

Screen Snap – Check this box to select a toolpath from the screen rather than acommand from the instruction list. The toolpath will then be broken at the pointnearest to the digitised point on the screen.


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Transforming the ToolpathsSeveral commands are available to copy or alter one or more machiningoperations from the instruction list. Note that only the toolpaths are altered bythese commands – there is no alteration of the original design geometry.

These commands copy and transform the calculated toolpath. They do notregenerate the path in its new position. This means that fixed points such ashome or toolchange positions and moves to Z clearance may not give thedesired output. Such moves should not be included in the instructions to betransformed. Subroutines used for repeating the hole cycle positions may also beinvalidated as they will no longer have unique identifying numbers.

These are the Edit menu commands:

Transform Mirror – (Milling and Wire only) Mirrors a series of operations about aselected plane:

Transform Repeat – (Milling only) Copies the toolpath at successive depths:


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Do not set the Finish At parameter to Clearance or Retract for any cyclestransformed by this command. Otherwise Z moves will be output into thesubroutine which may invalidate the toolpath.

Transform Rotate – (Milling and Wire only) Rotates or copies a series ofoperations one or more times about a selected point. This is used where thesame feature appears several times about a central point:

Transform Translate – Moves or copies a series of operations one or moretimes. This is used where the same feature appears more than once in acomponent. Also see Notes on Translate Command.

In Wire Erosion, you may only translate the toolpath in the X and Y directions.


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Notes on Translate CommandChanges have been made in EdgeCAM 7.00 to the way in which the Translatecommand works, particularly for controller subroutines. These changes result in abetter correlation between the moves shown by EdgeCAM graphics and thetoolpath on the machine tool.

Translated movesEdgeCAM translates the toolpath as represented by move end points within thedesignated labels. From a machine tool point of view the "Start" of a sub-routineis, therefore, the End of the move leading to that first endpoint. Slightly differentresults will be seen depending on the type of move. A direct rapid or feed movewill result in its end point being the subroutine start and the move will effectivelybe "lost" in repeats of the subroutine. A 2D rapid, doglegged, move (e.g. XY andthen Z) will give the dogleg point as subroutine start and only the first segment ofthe move will be lost.

Note that the graphics often show an apparent dogleg when resolved rapids arenot used. This intermediate point does not exist on the NC data - it is purely forvisualisation purposes - and will not be used as a start point.

Some previous changes in this area have been removed from EdgeCAM. Thismeans that in some cases the graphical representation will change, compared toprevious versions, to more closely represent what happens on the machine tool.

Good practiceFor safety reasons, subroutines should always start and finish at a safeclearance height. If this practice is followed then the link moves betweensubroutines can be expected to also be at the safe height. The subroutine shouldalways include the liftout move at the end of a cut.

A specific move to a point near to the required start of the subroutine beforedefining the subroutine is recommended. This is generally preferable to making amove direct from, say, toolchange and relying on the 2D rapid's dogleg to be thestart point. If the machine tool movements are not exactly as represented onscreen then this will minimise the discrepancy.

Code GeneratorsSome additional system variables have been added to the Code Generator topass the subroutine start point.

• In macros TRANSLATE and RESET, the variables XEND, YEND, ZEND nowrepresent the end of any approach move and thus the start of the subroutine.

• In macros SUBSTART and SUBCALL, the existing variables NEXTXMOVE,NEXTYMOVE, NEXTZMOVE can be used.

• The TRANSLATE Macro (No. 32) should now use XEND etc. as subroutinestart point instead of XSUB etc. Rapid approach moves to this point shouldbe output.

• The SUBSTART Macro (No. 55 ) should use NEXTXMOVE etc. as a "HOLD"point for calculation of incremental moves.

• The SUBCALL Macro (No. ) should include a rapid approach move toNEXTXMOVE etc.


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Existing code generator files will continue to work as before since no existingvariables have been changed. It may be, however, that their actions are notcorrectly represented on screen by EdgeCAM graphics.

The Code Wizard templates for milling and turning have been updated to matchthe graphics. Template based code generators should be updated to the version7.00 templates to take advantage of these changes.

The templates have also been updated to make the switch between incrementaland absolute subroutines easier. The logic within the template will now determinewhether to use the Rapid or Translate code constructors and G90/91 blocks willonly be output by subroutine start and end if they are required. This last changeis within the default sequence of the code constructors. It will not be appliedautomatically to updated CGD files but will be available for newly created files.

It should always be remembered that the exact action of a machine tool whenusing controller cycles is beyond the control of EdgeCAM. It is the user'sreponsibility to ensure that his code generators are correctly configured and thatthe on-screen representation closely matches the actions of his controllers.

Using Matrix ModeOnly available in the milling environment

Matrix Mode lets you repeat an operation or series of operations at regularintervals, specifying the number of rows and columns you need in your grid ormatrix.

EdgeCAM always displays the selected geometry in the bottom left hand cornerof the Matrix. The various elements of the matrix are machined starting from thebottom left hand corner by default. However, when you select a tool, theQuadrant list box lets you start from the other corners of the Matrix. (Note thatthe Quadrant parameter must have been enabled in your code generator for thisto work.)

Matrix Mode Start (Edit menu) is used before the sequence of machiningcommands that are to be matrixed.

You now perform a normal sequence of toolchanges and machining cycleson the geometry as a single part.Matrix Mode Finish (Edit menu) is used after you have finished entering thesequence of commands that are to be matrixed.

Each Matrix Mode Start must be completed with a Matrix Mode Finishcommand.

Note that the Mode (View menu) command contains a ‘Matrix’ check box thatallows you to display or hide the Matrixed toolpath.


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In the example below, a Lacing area clearance toolpath has been created after aMatrix Mode Start:

On selecting the Matrix Mode Finish command, the Lacing toolpath is repeatedin a grid according to the parameters specified in the Matrix Mode Startcommand.In this case, the parameters used were:

X Repeats = 3 X Length = 50 X Border = 5

Y Repeats = 2 Y Length = 50 Y Border = 5

The default double fret border spacing is used here, so the total spacing betweenrepeats of the toolpath is 50+5+5=60 as shown above.

Repeats – Specify the number of cells in the matrix in the X and Y direction.

Fret – Specify the number of Border widths (Double or Single) separating eachcell in the matrix.

Border – Specify the border spacing in part units in X and Y.

Length – Specify the distance between each cell in the matrix in X and Y.

Dead Zones – Allows you to specify areas that can be used by clamps orfixturing. Define the dead zones by nominating two sides of the matrix rectangleand a distance in from the edge.


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This example has X Repeats=5 and Y Repeats=4, and a Dead Zone along thebottom right of the matrix:

Direction – Specifies which cell is to be machined after the first cell. Selectbetween Row or Column. Column forces the tool to move to a cell in the Ydirection and Row (the default) forces the tool to move to a cell in the X direction.

Lace Cut – Deselect to move the tool in the same direction along each row orcolumn. The default setting of the checked box moves the tool to the next cellwith the shortest possible movement.

Subroutines – Select Pathtrace to avoid using subroutines when generatingCNC code from this matrixed toolpath. The default setting of Controller will usesubroutines where available.

Define Layout – Select to ignore the Direction modifier and specify exactly inwhich order the individual cells are to be machined. The system displays adiagram of the cells in the matrix. Select each cell in the order you want the cellsmachined in. As each cell is selected, it is given a number to show its position inthe sequence.


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Generating CNC Code

PASSING JOB DATA TO THE NC FILE................................................................89ABOUT CNC FILENAMES .................................................................................89CODE GENERATOR COMMANDS .......................................................................90

File Menu Commands in the Code Generator ..........................................90View Menu Commands in the Code Generator ........................................91Options Menu Commands in the Code Generator....................................91

EDITING THE CNC CODE.................................................................................92Modifying a Code Generator File ..............................................................92

At some stage you will want to produce CNC code from your EdgeCAMmachining sequence information. To do this, you must use the CodeGenerator application. This converts toolpath data generated within anEdgeCAM machining sequence into files containing CNC code.

To generate the code from the active machining sequence

1. Select the Generate Code (File menu) command.

2. Specify the following parameters:

CNC Name – Enter a name for the CNC file (the default file extension is.nc). You can specify the file extension using the Default NC FileExtension option on the Toolpaths tab of the Preferences (Optionsmenu) dialog.

To save CNC file names in upper case check the Force Upper Caseoption on the Toolpaths tab of the Preferences (Options menu) dialog.

Click on the Browse... button to select an existing file name to write over.

Job – Type in the name of the job file or press the Browse button toselect from a list of existing files. Also see Passing Job Data to the NCFile.

Operation Names – Check the box to add operation names ascomments to the CNC file.

PDI Name – You can also name a category-run PDI file to executebefore NC code generation begins. This is provided for users who havewritten their own PDIs and want to execute them before NC codegeneration.

Open Editor – Check to automatically start the Editor and open the *.ncfile after code generation. Please note that this option is checked bydefault.

3. Click on OK.

The Code Generator main window is now displayed.

Generating CNC Code

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If the Code Generator has been configured to ask for input before generatingthe CNC code, then it displays a dialog box for each option for example.

You need to enter or accept the settings for each dialog box. Once you haveinput this information, the Code Generator begins to generate code for theactive machining sequence.

If your system can compile Code Generator source files and you havemodified the source file, the system compiles a new Code Generator filebefore compiling any CNC code.

The generation process can be paused, continued and stopped using thecontrols.

When the code generation process finishes and if your Code Generator is setup to list the NC code, EdgeCAM displays a dialog box.

Click on OK to dismiss this dialog box and return to EdgeCAM. If you did notchoose to list the NC code, you will be returned to EdgeCAM automaticallywhen the compilation ends.


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Passing Job Data to the NC FileWhen a job record is selected for a machining sequence the Comment,Family, Customer, Programmer and Job Revision modifiers will be loadedinto EdgeCAM (if specified for the job record) and the values displayed in theappropriate field on the Job Data tab.

This information along with Material, Machine and Description will be passedthrough to the Code Generator, bringing the Job Manager, EdgeCAMmachining sequences and the NC file closer together.

You can also set these modifiers on the New Machining Sequence orMachine Parameters dialog. The relevant fields in the Job Manager will beupdated when an NC file is generated.

Code Generator Variable Token Name Token Description

JOBDESC JM-DESC Job Manager Description

JOBCOM JM-COM Job Manager Comment

JOBFAM JM-FAM Job Manager Family

JOBMACH JM-MACH Job Manager Machine

JOBCUST JM-CUST Job Manager Customer

JOBPROG JM-PROG Job Manager Programmer

JOBMATL JM-MATL Job Manager Material

JOBREV JM-REV Job Manager Revision

About CNC FilenamesWhen a milling or single turret turning sequence is generated, the CNCfilename is generated to the following format:

CNC file - example.nc

Setup file (optional) - example-set.nc

When a single .nc file is generated, there is no ‘-1’ included in the name. Thisclarifies that the file is for a single turret machine. You can specify anextension other than ‘.nc’.

When a multiple turret turning sequence is generated, the CNC filename isgenerated to the following format:

1st CNC file - example-1.nc

2nd CNC file - example-2.nc

Setup file (optional) - example-set.nc

Generating CNC Code

90

The EdgeCAM Editor and Communications modules interpret and use longfilenames generated from EdgeCAM (or any application) when running on aWindows NT installation.

Note, however, that long filenames are truncated when viewed from Windows3.1 and Novell networks. For example, the file 1234567890abc.nc will betruncated to 123456~.nc.

The name assigned to the ‘setup’ file is configurable in the Code Generatorsource file, for example, instead of including -SETUP in the filename, it maybe specified as -HEADER.

Any CNC file generated using an existing Code Generator that specifies a‘setup’ file name should be ignored and .set appended to the filename in itsplace.

Code Generator CommandsFile Menu Commands in the Code GeneratorSelect Code Generator - Selects the Code Generator source file to becompiled.

Print - Sends the current file to the printer.

Print Preview - Shows how the current file would appear if sent to theprinter.

Print Setup - Configures the printer setup.

Compile - Displays a dialog box containing the file compilation options. Aninput file is selected and the filenames for all other options are automaticallyentered. These filenames default to the same name as the input filenamefollowed by the appropriate extension. The name can be re-specified by theuser if required.

This option is applicable to the Code Generator Compiler only, and will be“greyed out” if you do not have a licence.

Exit - Returns to the previous application.


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View Menu Commands in the Code GeneratorToolbar - Shows/hides the Toolbar.

Status Bar - Shows/hides the Status bar.

Large Icons - Uses the larger of the two icon sets for the Code Generator'sbuttons.

Tool Tips - Allows command names to be displayed if you hold the cursorover a button.

Options Menu Commands in the Code GeneratorRe-run - Regenerates the CNC code using the data files for the last codegeneration. This forces a re-compilation of the Code Generator file if the dateand time of the source is later that that of the Code Generator.

Pause - Pauses\continues the active process. This lets you inspect theinformation displayed in the text box. Use the horizontal and vertical scrollbars to move up and down the file.

Stop - Aborts the process.

Remove Unused Variables - Instructs the compiler to remove any duplicateor unused variables from the source file (*.?xt)

Quick Compile - Forces a quicker compilation by displaying the minimumamount of feedback in the viewing window.

Specify Output Filename - Selecting this Code Generator Compiler-onlyoption displays a dialog box similar to this after you click on the Compilebutton:

Enter a different name for the compiled Code Generator file. If this option isnot selected, the source filename will be used by default.

Generating CNC Code

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Editing the CNC CodeOnce the Code Generator has created a file containing CNC code for amachining sequence, you can load the file into the Editor and make anychanges directly to the code, should they be required.

To enter the Editor, select the icon from the EdgeCAM Program Group.

For more details, please refer to the Editor documentation.

Modifying a Code Generator FileOne way to alter the CNC code produced for a machining sequence is to editthe Code Generator itself. The recommended method for modifying Code

Generators is to load the files into the Code Wizard .

You must know how Code Generator source files work before tryingthis! For more details, please refer to the Code Wizard online user guide.

Documents

EdgeCAM manufacturing basics