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Ecosystem Services Procedure:
Impact demonstration and market
tools
FSC-PRO-30-006 V1-0 EN
Draft 2
FSC-PRO-30-006 V1-0 EN Ecosystem Services Procedure: Impact demonstration and market tools
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The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not-for-profit, non-governmental organization established to promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world’s forests. The FSC vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations.
Title:
Ecosystem Services Procedure: Impact demonstration and market tools
Document reference code:
FSC-PRO-30-006 V1-0 EN
Approval body:
FSC Board of Directors
Contact for comments:
FSC International Center Policy and Standards Unit Charles de Gaulle Strasse 5 53113 Bonn Germany
+49 (0)228 367660
+49 (0)228 3676630
© 2017 Forest Stewardship Council AC. All rights reserved. FSC® F000100 No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies are uncontrolled and for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (https://ic.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version.
FSC-PRO-30-006 V1-0 EN Ecosystem Services Procedure: Impact demonstration and market tools
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Foreword
FSC Forest Stewardship Standards already require forest managers to maintain/conserve or
enhance/restore ecosystem services and environmental values. They also require the managers of
FSC-certified forests to identify, produce, or enable the production of diversified benefits and/or
products based on the range of resources and ecosystem services existing in the management unit.
FSC forest management certification demonstrates compliance with Forest Stewardship Standards
covering these and many other topics. This procedure offers something additional, which is the
demonstration of the positive impact on ecosystem services within FSC-certified forests. Once
verified by FSC-accredited certification bodies, ecosystem services claims can be used in several
ways to access ecosystem services markets and result in increased net revenue for forest managers.
FSC ecosystem services claims are some of the new market tools that FSC committed to develop
in its Global Strategic Plan 2015–2020. This commitment is part of a broader strategy to increase
the market value of FSC.
This procedure will help answer the global challenge that forest governance and economic systems
in many parts of the world provide greater incentives for deforestation, forest degradation, and
related social inequities than they do for responsible forest management. By using the ecosystem
services claims to access payments for ecosystem services and markets, forest managers will have
additional incentives to choose responsible forest management.
FSC ecosystem services claims will increase the confidence of governments, investors, buyers, and
businesses in ecosystem services markets. They can be used to demonstrate the impact that
investments in these markets have on preserving ecosystem services. FSC ecosystem services
claims may offer forest owners and managers an additional incentive to become FSC-certified rather
than pursue the short-term economic benefits of forest degradation, and an added economic support
for FSC certificate holders already managing their forests responsibly.
This procedure is the foundation for FSC ecosystem services claims:
Part I of this procedure sets requirements for forest managers to demonstrate the impacts of FSC-
certified forest management on ecosystem services;
Part II of this procedure sets requirements for forest managers, chain of custody certificate holders
and non-certificate holders to use FSC ecosystem services claims:
o Promotion of FSC-certified forests with verified FSC ecosystem services impacts;
o Labelling and promotion of FSC-certified products carrying an FSC ecosystem services
claim;
o Financial sponsorship of verified ecosystem services impacts;
o Adding information about FSC ecosystem services impacts within external registries.
Part III sets requirements for certification bodies to verify the impacts demonstrated by FSC-
certified forest managers and approve uses of FSC ecosystem services claims.
FSC Ecosystem services claims are available to forest managers that are certified to a Forest
Stewardship Standard that has transferred Annex C (Additional requirements for ecosystem
services) from FSC-STD-60-004.
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Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................... 3
Contents ............................................................................................................................ 4
A Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 5
B Scope ............................................................................................................................. 5
C Effective and validity date .............................................................................................. 5
D References ..................................................................................................................... 5
E Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................... 6
Part I: Impact demonstration .............................................................................................. 9
General requirements .................................................................................................... 9
Step 1: Declaration of the ecosystem service(s) ......................................................... 10
Step 2: Description of the ecosystem service(s) .......................................................... 10
Step 3: Theory of change – linking management activities to impacts ........................ 11
Step 4: Selection of outcome indicators ...................................................................... 12
Step 5: Measurement and comparison of the value of outcome indicator(s) ............... 12
Step 6: Methods .......................................................................................................... 13
Step 7: Statement of results ........................................................................................ 13
Part II: Market tools - Using FSC ecosystem services claims .......................................... 15
Part III: Requirements for certification bodies .................................................................. 19
Annex A. Template Ecosystem Services Certification Document .................................... 22
Annex B. Possible impacts, and measures to demonstrate them .................................... 34
Annex C. Example of a completed theory of change ....................................................... 51
Annex D. Information regarding financial sponsorships ................................................... 53
FSC-PRO-30-006 V1-0EN DEMONSTRATING THE IMPACT OF FOREST STEWARDSHIP ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
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A Objectives
The objectives of this procedure are to:
Provide FSC-certified forest managers with the requirements to credibly
demonstrate the impact of their activities on the maintenance, conservation,
restoration or enhancement of ecosystem services;
Improve the access of FSC-certified forest managers to payments for
ecosystem services through the use of FSC ecosystem services claims based
on verified impacts.
B Scope
FSC-Forest Management certificate holders shall comply with the requirements of Part
I and II of this procedure when they want to demonstrate the positive impact that their
forest management has on ecosystem services, and use FSC’s ecosystem services
claims.
FSC-Chain of Custody certificate holders shall comply with the requirements of Part II
of this procedure when they want to use FSC´s ecosystem services claims.
Certification bodies shall comply with the requirements of Part III of this procedure
when they evaluate FSC–certificate holders’ compliance with Parts I and II.
New requirements in this procedure for trademark, chain of custody, forest
management evaluation and certification bodies will be incorporated into the
respective standards at their next revision.
This procedure may be directly used by its intended audience globally, there is no need
for national adaptation.
All aspects of this procedure are considered to be normative, including the scope,
effective and validity dates, references, terms and definitions, notes, tables, and
annexes, unless otherwise stated.
C Effective and validity date
Approval date to be added
Publication date to be added
Effective date to be added
Period of validity to be added (or until replaced or withdrawn)
D References
The following referenced documents are relevant for the application of this document.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
FSC-STD-01-001 FSC Principles and Criteria for Forest Stewardship
FSC-STD-01-002 Glossary of Terms
FSC-STD-20-001 General Requirements for FSC Accredited Certification Bodies
FSC-STD-20-007 Forest Management Evaluations
FSC-STD-20-007b Forest Management Evaluations Addendum – Forest Certification
Public Summary Reports
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FSC-STD-20-011 Chain of Custody Evaluations
FSC-STD-40-004 Chain of Custody Certification
FSC-STD-50-001 Requirements for use of the FSC trademarks by Certificate Holders
FSC-STD-50-002 Requirements for Promotional use of the FSC Trademarks by Non-
Certificate Holders
FSC-STD-60-004 International Generic Indicators (IGI)
FSC-GUI-30-006 Guidance for demonstrating ecosystem services impacts (under
development)
E Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this procedure, the terms and definitions provided in FSC-STD-
01-002 Glossary of Terms, FSC-STD-60-004 International Generic Indicators, and the
following apply:
Beneficiaries of the ecosystem service: Any person, group of persons or entity that
uses or is likely to use the benefits obtained from nature provided by the management
unit. Examples include, but are not restricted to, persons, groups of persons or entities
located in the neighbourhood of the management unit. End users such as consumers
or indirect beneficiaries of carbon mitigation are not considered beneficiaries. The
following are examples of beneficiaries of the ecosystem service:
Local communities
Indigenous Peoples
Forest dwellers
Neighbours
Downstream water users
Tenure and use rights holders, including landowners.
(Source: adapted from FSC-STD-01-001 V5-0).
Conservation/Protection: These words are used interchangeably when referring to
management activities designed to maintain the identified environmental or cultural
values in existence long-term. Management activities may range from zero or minimal
interventions to a specified range of appropriate interventions and activities designed
to maintain, or compatible with maintaining, these identified values (Source: FSC-STD-
01-001 V5-0).
Contextual factors: socioeconomic, institutional and biophysical setting in which the
organization operates or management activities are implemented. These factors may
support or hinder progress toward the realization of outcomes, and are generally not
under the control of the organization.
Ecosystem services: The FSC Principles and Criteria (FSC-STD-01-001) define
ecosystem services as:
“The benefits people obtain from ecosystems. These include:
a. provisioning services such as food, forest products and water;
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b. regulating services such as regulation of floods, drought, land
degradation, air quality, climate and disease;
c. supporting services such as soil formation and nutrient cycling;
d. and cultural services and cultural values such as recreational, spiritual,
religious and other non-material benefits.
(Source: Based on R. Hassan, R. Scholes and N. Ash. 2005. Ecosystems and
Human Well-being: Synthesis. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series.
Island Press, Washington DC).
When this procedure refers to ecosystem services, it refers to a specific subset of
forest ecosystem services:
carbon sequestration and storage
biological diversity conservation
watershed services
soil conservation
recreational services.
Ecosystem services claim: Assertion of a verified impact on ecosystem services,
which is used for the purpose of promotion or accessing payments for ecosystem
services. The possible uses of ecosystem services claims to access ecosystem
services markets are described in Part II of this procedure.
Impact: The maintenance, conservation, enhancement or restoration of ecosystem
services, or benefits derived from them, which results, at least in part, from contributing
management activities.
The organization: The person or entity holding or applying for certification and
therefore responsible for demonstrating compliance with the requirements upon which
FSC certification is based (Source: FSC-STD-01-001 V5-0).
In this procedure, the term ‘the organization’ is used in Parts I and III to refer to
applicants and holders of FSC-forest management certification.
Outcome indicator: Measure of ecological or social condition on the ground.
Outcomes: Ecological or social conditions on the ground that are direct consequences
of the outputs and contribute to the proposed impact. For example, water body
protected from cattle, change in area of forest sustainably managed (thanks to
improved knowledge through training), erosion and sedimentation reduction (thanks to
replanting on slopes), etc.
Outputs: Measureable, immediate and direct consequences from management
activities implemented on the management unit. For example, meters of fence
constructed, number of people trained, number of hectares of slopes replanted, etc.
Restore/Restoration: These words are used in different senses according to the
context and in everyday speech. In some cases, ‘restore’ means to repair the damage
done to environmental values that resulted from management activities or other
causes. In other cases, ‘restore’ means the formation of more natural conditions in
sites which have been heavily degraded or converted to other land uses. In the
Principles and Criteria, the word ‘restore’ is not used to imply the recreation of any
particular previous, pre-historic, pre-industrial or other pre-existing ecosystem (Source:
FSC-STD-01-001 V5-0).
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Sponsor: An individual or institution that provides financial support for a project or
activity (Source: adapted from the Merriam-Webster dictionary).
In the context of this procedure, sponsorship is of verified ecosystem services impacts;
Individuals/institutions may promote their sponsorship of verified ecosystem services
impacts with the FSC trademarks.
Theory of change: Comprehensive description and illustration of how and why a
desired change is expected to happen in a particular context (Source: Based on The
Centre for Theory of Change, Inc., 2016. Adapted from definition provided on the
websitehttp://www.theoryofchange.org/what-is-theory-of-change/).
Validation: In the case of a proposed restoration impact for which management
activities have only recently started and an impact cannot yet be demonstrated,
confirmation through evaluation by an FSC-accredited certification body that the
organization complies with all other applicable requirements of this procedure and has
a credible plan that is likely to lead to verification of impacts in the next main evaluation
(Source: adapted from Glossary: CDM Terms. Clean Development Mechanism.
https://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/glos_CDM.pdf).
Verification: the periodic evaluation and ex-post determination by an FSC-accredited
certification body that any proposed ecosystem services impacts has occurred
(Source: adapted from Glossary: CDM Terms. Clean Development Mechanism.
https://cdm.unfccc.int/Reference/Guidclarif/glos_CDM.pdf).
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Part I: Impact demonstration
Note: The following steps are designed to allow the organization to demonstrate an
ecosystem services impact by linking measured ecosystem services outcomes to
contributing management activities.
General requirements
0.1 In order to apply Part I of this procedure, the organization shall be an applicant
for or hold a valid FSC–forest management certificate.
0.2 Failure to demonstrate an impact according to this procedure shall not affect the
status of the FSC–forest management certificate.
0.3 To demonstrate the impact of forest management activities on ecosystem
services, the organization shall implement all of the seven steps described
below.
0.3.1 One or more impacts may be proposed for one or more ecosystem
services.
0.4 The demonstration of impacts, as described in the seven steps below, may be
applied across several management units within a certified group, as long as all
the areas contribute to the provision of the declared ecosystem service.
0.4.1 In group certification, designated requirements for ecosystem services
can be applied at the group level (FSC-STD-20-007). In such a case,
membership rules shall clarify the division of responsibilities between
group members and the group entity for demonstrating ecosystem
services impacts.
0.4.2 When only some of the members of the certified group decide to comply
with this procedure, specific rules and identification systems shall be
established to differentiate the members applying this procedure from the
other members.
0.5 The organization shall record the information from each step in the relevant
section of the Ecosystem Services Certification Document (ESCD) (Annex A).
0.5.1 The organization shall make the ESCD available in:
at least one of the official language(s) of the country, or the most
widely spoken language in the area in which the management unit is
located; and
for organizations not classified as Small and Low Intensity Managed
Forests (SLIMF), in one of the official languages of FSC.
0.5.2 The organization should develop an ESCD for each declared ecosystem
service.
0.5.3 The organization should send the ESCD(s) to the Certification Body 30
days prior to the start of the evaluation.
0.6 As an alternative to demonstrating the proposed impact and having it verified,
the organization may request to have a proposed impact validated. This
alternative may be used by complying with Clause 7.3 and as an intermediate
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step before achieving verification of the proposed impact in the next main
evaluation.
NOTE: The organization may use an ESCD with validated impacts as evidence
that it has developed a credible plan to achieve the proposed impacts; this could
be helpful in securing finance for the planned activities. The ecosystem services
claims described in Part II of this procedure are not available for use with
validated impacts.
Step 1: Declaration of the ecosystem service(s)
1.1 The organization shall declare the ecosystem service(s) for which an impact is
proposed.
1.2 The organization shall briefly describe the legal tenure to manage, use and/or
receive payments for the declared ecosystem service.
1.3 The organization shall list any management objectives related to the declared
ecosystem service, including any relevant objectives from the management plan.
Step 2: Description of the ecosystem service(s)
2.1 For each declared ecosystem service, the organization shall briefly describe:
2.1.1 The current condition of the ecosystem service;
2.1.2 The past condition of the ecosystem service, based on best available
information;
2.1.3 Areas within and outside of the management unit that contribute to the
declared ecosystem service;
2.1.4 The extent of the management unit where management activities are
contributing to the proposed impact;
2.1.5 Beneficiaries of the ecosystem service;
2.1.6 Threats to the ecosystem service, human-induced and of natural origin,
within and outside of the management unit;
2.1.7 A summary of culturally appropriate engagement with Indigenous
Peoples and local communities related to the declared ecosystem
service, including ecosystem services access and use, and benefit
sharing, consistent with Principle 3 and Principle 4 of FSC-STD-01-001.
Applicability NOTE: SLIMF don’t need to comply with clause 2.1.2, unless
required by the methodology used according to step 6, and may describe only
areas within the management unit to comply with Clauses 2.1.3 and 2.1.6.
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Step 3: Theory of change – linking management activities to impacts
Figure 1. Basic structure of a theory of change
Figure 1 shows the basic elements of a theory of change.
A theory of change is a chain of results over time that shows how an organization
expects its management activities will contribute to a desired impact.
The theory of change is built based on statements that link short-, medium-, and
long-term results by following the structure “if…then”: If I do this management
activity, then I will contribute to fulfilling this short-term outcome (output); If I achieve
this short-term objective, then I will contribute to fulfilling this medium-term outcome;
If I achieve this medium-term outcome, then I will contribute to fulfilling the long-term
objective (in other words, I have achieved the desired impact).
Note: Two examples of completed theories of change are provided in Annex C.
3.1 For each declared ecosystem service, the organization shall propose one or
more of the impacts from Annex B.
3.2 For each proposed impact, the organization shall develop a theory of change to
describe the link between the contributing management activities and the
proposed impacts, using the template included in Annex A.
3.3 The organization shall specify in the theory of change:
3.3.1 Any management activities that contribute to the proposed impact,
including management activities to mitigate threats described in Clause
2.1.6.
3.3.2 Outputs that result from the management activities.
3.3.3 Outcomes that result from the outputs.
Applicability NOTE: SLIMF don’t need to include activities to mitigate threats
outside of the management unit, unless required by the methodology used
according to step 6.
3.4 The organization shall identify and briefly describe any contextual factors that
may influence the outcomes, e.g. the introduction of new legislation, or the
presence of other water users.
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Step 4: Selection of outcome indicators
4.1 The organization shall comply with Annex B, consistent with the theory of change
developed in Step 3.
NOTE: for each proposed impact, all content of Annex B is mandatory, except
for the examples of outcome indicators (as clarified in Clause 4.3) and the link to
the Sustainable Development Goals (as clarified in Clause 9.2).
4.2 For each proposed impact, the organization shall select one or more outcome
indicators that comply with the outcome indicator requirements stipulated in
Annex B, e.g. ‘Indicators to measure forest cover’ or ‘Direct indicators of carbon
flux’.
4.2.1 When different outcome indicator requirements for the same impact are
connected with an ‘AND’, the organization shall comply with both.
4.2.2 When different outcome indicator requirements for the same impact are
connected with an ‘OR’, the organization shall provide justification of the
choice.
4.3 For the selection of outcome indicators, the organization may:
4.3.1 Select outcome indicators from the examples provided in Annex B; OR
4.3.2 Alternatively, based on scientific evidence, select outcome indicators that
are not provided as examples in Annex B.
4.4 The organization shall justify the choice of outcome indicator.
4.5 For each outcome indicator chosen, the organization shall specify a verifiable
target that represents a desired future value for the outcome indicator.
4.6 The choice of the verifiable target shall be justified.
Step 5: Measurement and comparison of the value of outcome indicator(s)
5.1 The organization shall measure the present value of each selected outcome
indicator.
5.2 The organization shall, according to the specifications in the column ‘Compare
value of outcome indicator to a reference level’ of Annex B, compare the present
value of each outcome indicator with a prior measurement, reference level or
reference site.
NOTE: the result of this comparison will indicate whether the proposed impact
has been demonstrated or not, and serve as evidence to comply with Clause 7.1.
5.3 When Annex B specifies the comparison of the present value of the outcome
indicator to at least one prior measurement, the organization shall show in this
comparison all previous measurements for which data is available.
5.4 The organization shall implement Clauses 5.1 - 5.2 at least every 5 years, unless
more frequent measurements are required by the methodology used.
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Step 6: Methods
6.1 The organization shall describe the methodology used to measure the values of
the selected outcome indicator(s) in terms that are clear enough to facilitate
evaluation.
6.2 The methodology chosen to measure the values of the selected outcome
indicator(s) shall conform to the following eligibility criteria:
6.2.1 The methodology is suitable for the local context and the outcome
indicator to be measured;
6.2.2 The methodology is credible, based on best available information (e.g.
there are scientific publications that support the use of the methodology;
it has been validated through previous use; it has been endorsed by
experts, etc.);
6.2.3 The methodology is objective and replicable, i.e. it yields similar results
when applied by different observers in the same site under similar
conditions.
NOTE: A number of methodologies that meet these criteria are listed in the
Guidance for demonstrating ecosystem services impacts (FSC-GUI-30-006).
Note to stakeholders: The first draft of this Guidance (FSC-GUI-30-006) is
being consulted at the same time as the second round of consultation on this
procedure.
6.3 The organization shall describe the collection and analysis of data, including:
6.3.1 The data sources that were used (literature, interviews, field
measurements, modelling, etc.);
6.3.2 Sampling methods, including frequency and/or intensity;
6.3.3 Any equipment used to measure the outcome indicator(s);
6.3.4 Data analyses performed.
NOTE: Guidance for the collection and analysis of data is provided in the
Guidance for demonstrating ecosystem services impacts (FSC-GUI-30-006).
Step 7: Statement of results
7.1 For each proposed impact, the organization shall provide evidence that the
present value of the selected outcome indicators meets the required result
specified in the column ‘Required result’ of Annex B.
7.2 For each proposed impact, the organization shall describe how the result from
Clause 7.1 contributes to likely achieving the proposed verifiable targets in the
future.
7.3 The organization may request to have a proposed impact validated if:
7.3.1 The proposed impact is a restoration or enhancement of the ecosystem
service;
7.3.2 The management activities have started recently and an impact cannot
yet be demonstrated;
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7.3.3 The organization complies with all applicable requirements of Part I of
this procedure, with the exception of Clause 7.1; AND
7.3.4 The organization has a credible plan to comply with all applicable
requirements of this procedure in the next evaluation.
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Part II: Market tools - Using FSC ecosystem services claims
8.1 The FSC ecosystem services claims may be used for the following purposes:
8.1.1 Promotion of FSC-certified forests with verified FSC ecosystem
services claims (Section 9).
8.1.2 Labelling and promotion of FSC-certified products carrying an FSC
ecosystems services claim (Section 10).
8.1.3 Financial sponsorship of verified FSC ecosystem services impacts
(Section 11).
8.1.4 Adding information about FSC ecosystem services impacts within
external registries (Section 12).
8.2 The ecosystem services claim shall be the verified impact from Annex B, e.g.
‘ES3.1: Water quality maintained’.
8.3 For promotional purposes, FSC ecosystem services claims may also be
described in summary form by using the phrase ‘positive impact’ with reference
to the ecosystem service(s) for which impacts have been verified.
For example:
- The claim ‘ES1.4: Forest landscape composition and structure conserved’ may also be more generally referred to as ‘Positive impact on biodiversity’.
8.4 Each ecosystem services claim shall be valid, once verified by the certification
body, until the next main evaluation.
9. Promotion of FSC-certified forests
Trademark Requirements for Forest Management (FM) certificate holders:
9.1 FM certificate holders may promote forests for which ecosystem services
impacts have been verified with the FSC trademarks and with FSC ecosystem
services claim(s) as indicated in Clauses 8.2 and 8.3.
9.1.1 Any additional explanation of the impact shall directly reflect the ESCD.
Some examples are: - “The maintenance of water quality has been verified on this FSC-certified
forest”. - “Positive impact on watershed services has been verified on this FSC-
certified forest”. - “Restoration of native species has been verified on this FSC-certified
forest. The abundance of [focal species] has increased and the area damaged by [pests] has decreased [timeframe] by introduction of [activities]”.
9.2 FM certificate holders may claim a contribution to Sustainable Development
Goals and targets corresponding to verified ecosystem services impacts as
indicated in Annex B.
For example:
- “The verified impact makes a contribution to Sustainable Development Goal 15, Life on Land”.
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9.3 All applicable requirements for use of the FSC trademarks in FSC-STD-50-001
shall apply.
10. Labelling and promotion of FSC-certified products
Chain of Custody (CoC) Requirements for FM/CoC and CoC certificate holders:
10.1 FM/CoC certificate holders may make ecosystem services claims on physical
FSC-certified products from forests with verified ecosystem services impacts.
10.2 For the sale of physical forest products with ecosystem services claims, FM/CoC
certificate holders shall add the specific ecosystem services claim(s) with the
corresponding code indicated in Annex B (e.g. ES1.1) to sales and/or delivery
documents of the product, in addition to the FSC Claim and its Certificate Code.
10.3 CoC certificate holders sourcing materials that carry FSC ecosystem services
claims may pass this claim on to the next companies in the supply chain.
10.3.1 CoC certificate holders shall ensure that these materials are traceable
and controlled during all stages of processing, storage and
commercialization.
10.4 CoC certificate holders shall establish separate product groups for products that
carry ecosystem services claims.
10.5 Only products that carry the FSC 100% claim can additionally carry an FSC
ecosystem services claim.
10.6 CoC certificate holders shall identify products with ecosystem services claims on
their material accounting records and volume summaries.
Trademark Requirements for Chain of Custody certificate holders:
10.7 CoC certificate holders may use ecosystem services claims when labelling
eligible products that have been produced solely with material carrying FSC
ecosystem services claim.
10.7.1 The ecosystem services claim text may be included within the FSC 100%
on-product label or presented separately in addition to the label.
10.8 The text for the FSC on-product label for the corresponding ecosystem services
claims shall be:
Ecosystem Services Claims (codes from Annex B)
On-product text: “From well-managed forests with positive impact on…
ES1.X …biodiversity”
ES2.X …carbon stocks”
ES3.X …watershed services”
ES4.X …soil”
ES5.X …recreational services”
10.9 Several impacts may be claimed for products carrying more than one ecosystem
services claim.
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For example:
- “From well-managed forests with positive impact on biodiversity and watershed services”.
10.10 The products promoted as FSC-certified material with specific ecosystem
services claims shall carry the FSC 100% and the ecosystems services claims.
10.11 When products are promoted as FSC-certified material with ecosystem services
claims, the ecosystem services claim(s) shall be always specified (see 8.2 and
8.3).
For example: - “This [product] is made of wood from FSC-certified forests with verified
[restoration of native species]”. - “This [product] is made of wood from FSC-certified forests with positive
impact on [biodiversity]”.
10.12 Only ecosystem services for which impacts have been verified for all material
sources may be claimed.
For example: A product is produced with material from two sources, one having
verified impacts claims for biodiversity and watershed services and the other for
biodiversity and soil. Only biodiversity may be included for the product labelling
or promotion.
10.13 Any additional text explaining the impact shall directly reflect the ESCD.
10.14 All requirements for use of the FSC trademarks in FSC-STD-50-001 shall apply.
Requirements for retailers of labelled products:
10.15 Organizations that are not required to obtain CoC certification may apply for an
FSC trademark license with the national or regional Trademark Service Provider
to promote sales and use of FSC-certified and labelled products with ecosystem
services claims in line with FSC-STD-50-002.
10.15.1 Any additional promotion explaining the impact shall directly reflect the
activities implemented and the statement of results verified by the
certification body as described in the ESCD.
11. Financial sponsorship
CoC Requirements for FM/CoC certificate holders:
11.1 For all sponsorships of FSC ecosystem services, FM/CoC certificate holders
shall fill in the form in Annex D of this procedure and submit it to their certification
body, which will publish an updated summary of all sponsored ecosystem
services impacts.
Trademark requirements for sponsors:
11.2 Only sponsors with an FSC trademark license may promote sponsoring of
verified ecosystem services claims with the FSC trademarks.
11.3 The promotion shall be done in line with applicable trademark use requirements
and shall specify the ecosystem service claims, the forest sponsored, and the
duration or year of sponsorship.
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11.4 Sponsors may also claim a contribution through sponsorship to Sustainable
Development Goals and targets corresponding to verified ecosystem services
impacts as indicated in Annex B.
For example:
- “The verified impact makes a contribution to Sustainable Development Goal 15, Life on Land, through a financial sponsorship of ecosystem services impact verified through FSC certification”.
11.5 If a sponsor does not have an FSC trademark license through certification or
trademark service, they may apply for one with the national or regional
Trademark Service Provider.
12. External registries
Trademark requirements for FM certificate holders:
12.1 FM certificate holders may add FSC ecosystem services claims as additional
information within registries for external environmental assets, such as verified
carbon units certified by Verified Carbon Standard or water benefit certificates
certified by Gold Standard Foundation.
Trademark requirements for purchasers of external environmental assets:
12.2 Individuals/institutions that buy external environmental assets with FSC
ecosystem services claims included as additional information within a carbon
credit registry or similar, do not need to obtain FSC trademark license in order to
do so.
12.2.1 Individuals/institutions that buy such assets shall have an FSC trademark
license to promote the purchase with the FSC trademarks beyond
including it into a registry, sustainability report or equal.
12.2.2 The registries listing the environmental assets shall comply with Clause
12.2.1.
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Part III: Requirements for certification bodies
13. Forest management evaluations (FSC-STD-20-007)
Pre-evaluation of management system(s)
13.1 When a pre-evaluation according to FSC-STD-20-007 is taking place, and the
organization is aiming to comply with this procedure, the pre-evaluation shall
include:
13.1.1 The requirements of this procedure; AND
13.1.2 Additional requirements for ecosystem services within the applicable
Forest Stewardship Standard, such as transferred requirements from
Annex C of FSC-STD-60-004.
Main evaluation
13.2 During main evaluations, the certification body shall evaluate conformity of the
organization with:
13.2.1 Applicable requirements of this procedure; AND
13.2.2 Additional requirements for ecosystem services within the applicable
Forest Stewardship Standard, such as transferred requirements from
Annex C of FSC-STD-60-004.
13.3 The certification body shall include the declared ecosystem services and the
requirements from Clause 13.2 in the audit plan and the sampling.
Surveillance procedures
13.4 Surveillance evaluations shall include:
13.4.1 Follow up of non-conformities identified in previous evaluations related to
the requirements of Clause 13.2; AND
13.4.2 Evaluation of significant changes in the ESCD, such as significant
changes to the theory of change, the methodologies used and the market
tool(s) to be used.
Re-evaluation
13.5 During re-evaluations, the certification body shall evaluate conformity of the
organization with Clause 13.2.
13.5.1 The certification body may decide not to evaluate all requirements of this
procedure during the re-evaluation if there have not been changes from
the last surveillance evaluation.
14. Audit findings and decision-making
14.1 Audit findings shall be evaluated in accordance with FSC-STD-20-001.
NOTE: In this procedure, a requirement is considered to be at the clause level
(e.g. 1.2, 5.6) including all individual sub-clauses.
14.2 The certification body shall come to a decision that an ecosystem services
impact proposed by the organization is verified if the organization complies with
all applicable requirements in Part I of this procedure.
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14.3 For each verified impact, the certification body shall:
14.3.1 Evaluate the use of ecosystem services claims and approve their use if
the organization complies with the applicable requirements of Part II of
this procedure.
14.3.2 Include ‘ecosystem services’ in the scope of the forest management
certificate.
14.3.3 Include the verified impact in the forest management certificate.
14.4 When the organization wishes to have a proposed impact validated, the
certification body shall:
14.4.1 Evaluate the organization´s compliance with Clause 7.3; AND
14.4.2 At the next re-evaluation, verify the organization´s compliance with all
applicable requirements of this procedure.
14.5 The certification body shall record any verified or validated ecosystem services
impacts in the ESCD.
14.6 Non-conformities of the organization with this procedure shall lead to corrective
action requests, but shall not affect the forest management certification decision.
14.6.1 If non-conformities are not closed within the specified timeline, the
certification body shall withhold or retract the verification or validation of
the proposed ecosystem services impact, and any associated uses of
ecosystem services claims from Part II of this procedure.
14.6.2 Each non-conformity shall be evaluated to determine whether it
constitutes a minor or a major non-conformity according to FSC-STD-20-
007.
14.7 Each proposed impact shall be evaluated individually; some proposed impacts
may be approved while others may not.
15. FM certification reports (FSC-STD-20-007a)
Content to add to forest management certification reports
15.1 The certification report shall include:
15.1.1 An explicit statement of any ecosystem services impact verified or
validated by the certification body in accordance with this procedure; AND
15.1.2 The extent of the forest management unit where management activities
are contributing to the proposed impact.
Group certification reports
15.2 Certification reports for groups shall indicate, in addition to the content from
Clause 15.1:
15.2.1 The separation of responsibilities to demonstrate impact between the
group entity level and the group member level; AND
15.2.2 To which group members the verified or validated ecosystem services
impact applies.
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Surveillance reports
15.3 The surveillance evaluation report shall indicate whether non-conformities with
this procedure identified in previous evaluations have been corrected.
16. FM certification public summary reports (FSC-STD-20-007b)
Content
16.1 The certification public summary report shall include the content described in
Clause 15.1, excluding confidential information.
16.2 The certification body shall publish the evaluated ESCD, including the results of
the evaluation and excluding confidential information, on the FSC database of
registered certificates (info.fsc.org).
16.2.1 A link or reference to the ESCD shall be included in the forest certification
public summary report.
16.3 The certification body shall publish and periodically update, on the FSC database
of registered certificates (info.fsc.org), a table of any sponsorships for the verified
impacts, containing the following information:
16.3.1 The verified impact that has been sponsored;
16.3.2 The number of sponsorships for each verified impact;
16.3.3 The year of each unique sponsorship.
17. Requirements for FSC accredited certification bodies (FSC-STD-20-001)
17.1 At least one member of the audit team shall be trained in the declared ecosystem
service(s) or have proven competence based on past experience.
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Annex A. Template Ecosystem Services Certification Document
Results of the evaluation (this page needs to be filled in by the lead auditor)
Name of the certification body
Name of the lead auditor
Date of the evaluation of this document
Verified ecosystem services impacts
Validated ecosystem services impacts
(when clause 7.3 applies)
Date of verification or validation of the impact Approved on dd.mm.yyyy Valid until dd.mm.yyyy
Signature of the lead auditor and seal Place of approval
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Part I: Information regarding steps to demonstrating impact
Step 1: Declaration of the ecosystem service(s)
1.1 The organization shall declare the ecosystem service(s) for which an impact is proposed. The organization shall choose one
or more from among five ecosystem services: carbon sequestration and storage, biological diversity conservation, watershed
services, soil conservation, and/or recreational services.
Carbon sequestration and storage
Watershed services
Biological diversity conservation
Soil conservation
Recreational services
1.2 The organization shall briefly describe the legal tenure to manage, use and/or receive payments for the declared ecosystem
service
This clause requires to focus on legislation about the declared ecosystem services, this is particularly relevant in countries where forest
managers have the right to harvest timber, but other services such as water and biodiversity are not included in their management rights. It
is expected that the organization provides a reference to the applicable law(s).
A law may not exist in the relevant jurisdiction. In this case, the organization is required to describe this situation.
……………………………………………………………………..
1.3 The organization shall list any management objectives related to the declared ecosystem services, including any relevant
objectives from the management plan.
……………………………………………………………………..
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Step 2: Description of the ecosystem service(s)
(it is recommended to describe this step in approximately 2.000 words for all the clauses)
2.1.1 The current condition of the ecosystem service
………………………………………………….
2.1.2 The past condition of the ecosystem service, based on best available information (Small and Low Intensity Managed Forests
do not need to comply with this clause unless required by the methodology used according to step 6)
This description may include past management practices and lessons learned.
…………………………………………………
2.1.3 Areas within and outside of the management unit that contribute to the declared ecosystem service (Small and Low Intensity
Managed Forests do not need to describe areas outside the management unit unless required by the methodology used according
to step 6)
Some examples of areas outside of the management unit are:
a) Watershed Services: upstream and/or downstream areas in a river, key waterbodies within the watershed and/or adjacent areas with key watercourses and waterbodies.
b) Recreational Services: areas outside the management unit that are key tourist attractions or protected areas and/or features adjacent to the management unit that can enhance its tourist value, such as a beautiful mountain or lake that can be seen from the management unit
………………………………………………………………………………..
2.1.4 The extent of the management unit where management activities are contributing to the proposed impact.
Provide information about the area and a brief geographical description.
The organization should provide a map, if possible.
………………………………………………………………………………..
2.1.5 Beneficiaries of the ecosystem service.
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The organization should describe only direct beneficiaries of the declared ecosystem services, such as human populations drinking water
from the watershed service that wants to be protected, human settlements that can benefit from a more stable soil, or locals working in the
recreational services sector. Existing information from stakeholder consultations may be used to fulfil this clause.
End users such as consumers or indirect beneficiaries of carbon mitigation should not be listed.
………………………………………………………………………
2.1.6 Threats to the ecosystem service, human-induced and of natural origin, within and outside of the management unit. (Small
and Low Intensity Managed Forests may describe only threats within the management unit.)
Threats could be human induced or of natural origin.
Some examples follow:
a) Slash and burn activities outside may cause uncontrolled forest fires affecting carbon stocks, biodiversity or recreational services.
b) Floods and/or natural disaster such as earthquake.
c) Land conversion outside the management in mountainous areas that may significantly affect soil conservation.
………………………………………………………………………
2.1.7 A summary of culturally appropriate engagement with Indigenous Peoples and local communities, related to the declared
ecosystem services including ecosystem services access and use, and benefit sharing
This description may include stakeholders’ consultation, Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) processes and gaps, engagement with
communities and other organizations involved in activities related to the declared ecosystem service(s), and eventual conflicts and proposed
activities to solve these conflicts. In addition, this section may include how you plan to share benefits from the declared ecosystem services
with Indigenous Peoples and local communities that contribute to the ecosystem services; how you plan to grant access and basic use of
the ecosystem services to Indigenous Peoples and local communities, etc.
………………………………………………………………………
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Step 3: Theory of change – linking management activities to impacts
3.1 For each declared ecosystem service, the organization shall propose one or more of the impacts from Annex B
The impacts to be demonstrated are listed in the column “impact” from Annex B.
The choice of the impact has a great importance, as it influences the required information in terms of outcome indicators and comparison to
the reference level.
For example, ES1.1 Restoration of natural forest cover or ES3.1 Maintenance of water quality.
………………………………………………………………………
3.2 For each proposed impact (from clause 3.1), the organization shall develop a theory of change to describe the link between
management activities and the impacts that result from them, using the template included in Annex A.
Follow the template below to develop a theory of change (Clause 3.2)
Management Activities
(clause 3.3.1)
Outputs
(clause 3.3.2)
Outcomes
(clauses 3.3.3)
Impact
(from Clause 3.1)
Example 1
Activity 1 …………………
Activity 2 …………………
Output 1 (linked to Activity 1 and
2) …………………
Outcome 1 (linked to Outputs 1):
…………………
Impact for Outcome 1 and Outcome 2. …………………
Activity 3 ………………… Output 2 (linked to Activity 3 and
4) …………………
Outcome 2 (linked to Outputs 2):
…………………
Activity 4 …………………
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Example 2 (2 impacts)
Activity 1 ………………… Output 1 (linked to Activity 1)
…………………
Outcome 1 (linked to Outputs 1, and Output
2): …………………
Impact for Outcome 1. …………………
Activity 2 …………………
Activity 3 …………………
Output 2 (linked to Activity 2 and
3) …………………
Outcome 2 (linked to Output 1 and Output 2)
…………………
Impact for Outcome 2. …………………
3.4 The organization shall identify and briefly describe any contextual factors that may influence the outcomes, but are not under
the direct control of the organization
Some examples follow:
a) Political change or introduction of a new legislation;
b) Safety and other events such as wars or violent conflicts;
c) Occurrence of natural disaster or change in climate;
d) Overlapping tenure to the management unit by other users;
d) Land rights in the country;
e) Other users of the ecosystem services in the area.
………………………………………………………………………
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Step 4: Selection of outcome indicators
Impact (clause 3.1) For each proposed impact, the Organization shall
select one or more outcome indicators (clause 4.1).
4.2 For each outcome indicator chosen, the
organization shall specify a verifiable target(s) that
represents a desired future value for the outcome
indicator
4.3 The choice of the verifiable target shall be justified
One verifiable target may be used for multiple outcome
indicators, if this is justified.
Impact 1
Example:
ES1.2 Conservation
of Intact Forest
Landscapes
Outcome Indicator for Outcome 1 (chosen from Annex
B)
Area of intact forest landscapes………
Verifiable Target for Outcome 1 …………………
Justification ……
Impact 2 ………
Example:
ES1.5 Restoration of
the composition and
structure of native
ecosystems–
landscape level
Outcome 1……….
Outcome Indicator for Outcome 2 (not included in Annex
B) ………
Justification……….
Verifiable Target for Outcome 2 …………………
Justification ……
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Step 5: Measurement and comparison of the value of the selected outcome indicator(s)
5.1 The organization shall measure the present value of each
selected outcome indicator
Write the current value for each one of the outcome indicators defined
in the theory of change.
5.2 The organization shall, according to the specifications in
Annex B, compare the present value of each outcome indicator
with a prior measurement, reference level or reference site.
Write down the value of comparison for the outcome indicator and
describe how this is complying with the requirements from Annex B.
The values need to be comparable and comply with the requirements
described in the columns “Compare value of outcome indicator to a
reference level” and “Required result”.
Example for ES2.1
XX tons of carbon per hectare.
Example:
(rule according to Annex B: column “Compare value of outcome
indicator to a reference level” - rule: compare with a regional reference
level. - ):
Regional reference level for forest carbon stock in region Y is XY tons
of carbon per hectare.
Example for ES1.2 (Annex B: column “Outcome indicator
requirements):
Area of intact forest landscape in 2017.
Example:
(rule according to Annex B: column “Compare value of outcome
indicator to a reference level” - rule: Compare with a regional
reference level. - ):
Area of intact forest landscape in 2010 (provide data from previous
measurement if available according to clause 5.3).
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Step 6: Methods (it is recommended to describe this step in approximately 2.000 words for all the clauses)
6.1 The organization shall describe the methodology used to measure the values of the selected outcome indicator(s), in terms
that are clear enough to facilitate evaluation.
The organization should refer to FSC-GUI-30-006 for recommended methodologies and could also refer to external methodologies, books
or articles. Provide a brief description below.
………………………………………………………………………
6.2 The methodology chosen to measure the values of the selected outcome indicators shall conform to the following eligibility
criteria:
6.2.1 The methodology is suitable for the
local context and the outcome indicator to
be measured;
Brief Justification………………………………………………………………………
6.2.2 The methodology is credible, based
on best available information (e.g. there are
scientific publications that support the use
of the methodology; it has been validated
through previous use; it has been endorsed
by experts, etc. );
Brief Justification………………………………………………………………………
6.2.3 The methodology is objective and
replicable, i.e. It yields similar results when
applied by different observers in the same
site under similar conditions.
Brief Justification………………………………………………………………………
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6.3 The Organization shall also describe the collection and analysis of data, including:
6.3.1 The data sources that were used
(literature, interviews, field measurements,
modelling, etc.);
Brief Description………………………………………………………………………
6.3.2 Sampling methods, including
frequency and/or intensity;
Brief Description………………………………………………………………………
6.3.3 Any equipment used to measure the
outcome indicator;
Brief Description………………………………………………………………………
6.3.4 Data analysis used. Brief Description………………………………………………………………………
Step 7: Statement of results (it is recommended to describe this step in approximately 1.500 words for all the clauses )
Impact
(clause 3.1)
Outcome
Indicator (4.1)
Present value
of the outcome
indicator
(clause 5.1)
Value of the reference
level (clause 5.2)
Results (clause 7.1)
Impact 1…… …………… …………… …………… Provide a description of the results based on the present
value of the outcome indicator.
Provide detailed evidence summarizing reports or the results
for each outcome indicator.
The organization may provide additional evidence as an
attachment.
……………
Describe how the result from Clause 7.1 contributes to likely achieving the proposed verifiable targets in the future (clause 7.2)
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Verifiable Target 1
…………………
Describe how the result for each outcome indicator goes in the direction of achieving
the verifiable target in the future.
……………
Verifiable Target 2
…………………
Describe how the result contributes to achieving the verifiable target in the future for
impact 2.
…………………
Part II: Management information
Name of the forest management organization
……………………………………………………
Location of the management unit
……………………………………………………
Type of certification
Please tick all the options that apply to the management unit:
Tenure management:
Community Public/State Private
Concession Indigenous Low Intensity Small Producer
Tenure Ownership:
Community Public/State Private Indigenous
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Type of certificate:
Individual Management group
Characteristics of the certificate
Please give the following information:
Management Units (name and numbers): […]
Management unit area (in hectares): […]
Number of members (if applicable): […]
FSC Certificate Code (if applicable): […]
First issue date (if applicable): […]
Last issue date (if applicable): […]
Expiry date (if applicable): […]
Organization contact information
Please provide relevant contact information:
Email: […]
Postal address: […]
Telephone number: […]
Contact name: […]
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Annex B. Possible impacts, and measures to demonstrate them
Annex B contains mandatory requirements to comply with Part I of this procedure.
The first column (#) indicates the numbering of the possible impacts that an organization can choose to demonstrate. The second column (Impact)
contains the names of these possible impacts. (Clause 3.1).
The third column (Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)) indicates the type of outcome indicator that has to be
chosen for each impact. This information is written in bold font and is mandatory (Clause 4.2). This column also provides some examples of
outcome indicators that can be used by the organization. (Clause 4.3)
The fourth column (Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level) contains mandatory requirements for the measurement of the
current value of each outcome indicator and its comparison to a reference level (Clauses 5.1 – 5.2). The result of this comparison has to follow
the requirements indicated in the fifth column (Required result). (Clause 7.1).
The final column (Sustainable Development Goals) provides al linkage between each impact and the Sustainable Development Goals. This
linkage may be used for communication and marketing purposes. (Clause 9.2).
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
ES1.1 Restoration of natural forest cover
Within the first ten years following the start of implementation of management activities to restore natural forest cover:
Indicators to measure forest cover, for example:
Natural forest cover for the whole management
unit.
Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
AND:
Indicators of successful re-planting activities, for example:
Non-forest area with successfully established
native tree seedlings.
Compare present value with zero activity. Trend is improving.
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
After ten years following the start of implementation of management activities to restore natural forest cover:
Indicators to measure forest cover, for example:
Natural forest cover for the whole management
unit.
Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
AND:
Indicators of stand-level forest composition and structure as in ES1.6
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
ES1.2 Conservation of
intact forest
landscapes
Indicators of the extent of intact forest landscapes on the management unit, for example:
Area of intact forest landscapes.
Area of intact forest landscape cores.
Area of protected intact forest landscapes.
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
ES1.3 Maintenance of an
ecologically
sufficient
Indicators of the extent of conservation areas, including1:
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 15: Life on Land
1 Annex C of FSC-STD-60-004 contains relevant requirements for the sufficiency of the conservation area network.
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
conservation area
network
Area of the conservation areas network within the management unit (including representative sample areas, conservation zones, protection areas, connectivity areas and High Conservation Value Areas).
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
ES1.4 Conservation of the
composition and
structure of native
ecosystems –
landscape level
Indicators of anthropogenic disturbance at the landscape level, for example:
Level of disturbance.
Road density.
Level of fragmentation.
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
AND
Compare present value with level of disturbance in adjacent areas.
Management unit has substantially less anthropogenic disturbance than adjacent areas.
AND
Indicators of landscape-level forest composition and structure for the whole management unit, for example:
Forest age class
Forest or ecosystem structure
Species assemblage
Forest density.
Compare present and at least one previous value with a natural reference area;
Present value on management unit is similar to reference value; similarity is stable or improving.
OR
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a scientifically credible description of a natural condition
ES1.5 Indicators of anthropogenic disturbance at the landscape level, for example:
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Restoration of the
composition and
structure of native
ecosystems –
landscape level
Level of disturbance.
Road density.
Level of fragmentation.
AND
Indicators of landscape-level forest composition and structure for the whole management unit, for example:
Forest age class
Forest or ecosystem structure
Native species assemblage
Forest density.
Compare present value and one previous value with a natural reference area;
Similarity is to reference value is improving.
OR
Compare present value and one previous value with a scientifically credible description of a natural condition
ES1.6 Maintenance / conservation of the composition and structure of native ecosystems – stand level
Indicators of stand-level forest composition and structure for the whole management unit, for example:
Incidence of natural habitat features associated
with native ecosystems.
Amount of standing & fallen deadwood.
Compare present and at least one previous value with a natural reference area;
Present value on management unit is similar to reference value; similarity is stable or improving.
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
OR
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a scientifically credible description of a natural condition
ES1.7 Restoration of the composition and structure of native ecosystems – stand level
Indicators of stand-level forest composition and structure for the whole management unit, for example:
Incidence of natural habitat features associated
with native ecosystems.
Amount of standing & fallen deadwood.
Compare present and at least one previous value with a natural reference area;
Similarity is to reference value is improving. OR
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a scientifically credible description of a natural condition
ES1.8 Conservation of the species diversity of native ecosystems
Indicators of native species diversity, for example:
Species assemblage (e.g. birds, mammals, trees,
fish, beetles)
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a natural reference area
Present value on management unit is similar to reference
Goal 15: Life on Land
OR
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Proportion of species classified as at risk
Proportion of native species within biologically
sustainable levels
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a scientifically credible description of a natural diversity
value; similarity is stable or improving.
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
15.5.1 Red List Index
ES1.9 Restoration of the species diversity of native ecosystems
Indicators of native species diversity, as in ES1.8. Compare present value and at least one previous value with a natural reference area
Similarity is to reference value is improving. OR
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a scientifically credible description of a natural diversity
ES1.10 Conservation of native species
For selected focal species or rare and threatened species, indicators of habitat availability within the management unit, for example:
Area of habitat.
Suitability of habitat.
Area of habitat protected.
Habitat connectivity
Area protected from illegal hunting and illegal
logging
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and
freshwater biodiversity that are covered by
protected areas, by ecosystem type
Compare present value to at least one prior measurement
Trend is stable or improving.
AND:
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
For selected focal species, or rare and threatened species, indicators of population abundance, for example:
Abundance of selected species.
Availability of selected species for sustainable
traditional use.
Proportion of species within biologically
sustainable levels.
Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or
illicitly trafficked.
Compare present value to at least one prior measurement
Trend is stable or improving
OR:
Provide evidence that the management unit contains or contributes to the maintenance of a minimum viable population.
N/A N/A
ES1.11 Restoration of native species
For selected focal species or rare and threatened species, indicators of habitat availability within the management unit, for example:
Area of habitat.
Suitability of habitat.
Area of habitat protected.
Habitat connectivity
Area protected from illegal hunting and illegal
logging
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and
freshwater biodiversity that are covered by
protected areas, by ecosystem type
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
AND:
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION
# Impact Outcome indicator requirements (mandatory requirements in bold)
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
For selected focal species, or rare and threatened species indicators of population abundance, for example:
Abundance of selected species.
Availability of selected species for sustainable use.
Proportion of species within biologically
sustainable levels
Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or
illicitly trafficked
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
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CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND STORAGE
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
ES2.1 Conservation of forest carbon stocks
Direct indicators of carbon stocks, for example:
Forest carbon stocks quantified across the entire
management unit.
Forecast of forest carbon stocks across the entire
management unit.
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
OR
Compare with a regional reference level. Forest carbon stocks on management unit are higher than the reference level.
OR
Direct indicators of carbon flux, for example:
Flux of carbon stocks resulting from reduced
impact logging
Compare with a regional reference level
Losses of carbon are lower on the management unit compared to the reference level.
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
OR
Compare with a historical reference level of carbon flux from the management unit
ES2.2 Restoration of carbon stocks
Forest carbon stocks quantified across the entire management unit.
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Forest carbon stocks on management unit are higher than the reference level.
OR
Compare with a regional reference level.
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WATERSHED SERVICES
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level or site
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
ES3.1 Maintenance of water quality
Indicators of water quality chosen based on the assessment of water quality and threats, for example:
Water turbidity.
Water temperature.
Dissolved oxygen.
Water pH.
Bio-indicators of stream health (macro-
invertebrates).
Pathogens (bacteria [e.g. E. coli], viruses) in
water.
Nutrients (phosphorous, nitrogen) in water
Total suspended solids.
Level of sedimentation/water sediment load
(grams per litre)
Perceived water quality (used as drinking
water, livestock drinking water, domestic
purposes, irrigation, swimming, and other
recreational purposes).
Compare present value with a relevant standard for the established uses of water.
Water quality meets reference levels or standards.
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
6.1.1 Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
AND:
Indicators of watershed condition, for example:
Area of wetland/peatland coverage in the
relevant watershed.
Area of natural forest cover in the relevant
watershed.
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
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WATERSHED SERVICES
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level or site
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Percent of forest cover in the relevant
watershed in disturbed condition.
Proportion of land that is degraded over total
land area
Length of waterbody shoreline with protected
riparian zones.
Length of streambank restored with tree
plantings for the purpose of providing shade
and decreasing instream temperature.
Percentage of water sources protected (by
length of river or surface area of lakes)
Area of reforestation.
Surface water run-off
Percent of erosion-prone areas under
protection.
ES3.2 Enhancement of water quality
Indicators of water quality as in ES.3.1 Compare present value and at least one previous value with a relevant standard for the established uses of water
Trend is stable and showing progress toward the relevant standard.
AND:
Indicators of watershed condition as in ES3.1 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
ES3.3 Maintenance of water flow and availability
Indicators of watershed condition as in ES3.1 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
AND
Indicators of water flow and availability, for example:
Number of springs dried out monthly/annually
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement
Trend is stable or improving.
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WATERSHED SERVICES
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level or site
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Water level
Base flow volume
Number and degree of floods
Water flow (/streamflow)
Dry season water flow and dry season rainfall
Groundwater level
Water scarcity
Availability of the water resources to local communities and Indigenous Peoples, both for economic activities (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, households, etc.) and recreational activities
Water provision (litres per year) from sources within the FMU
Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
ES3.4 Restoration of water flow and availability
Indicators of watershed condition as in ES3.1 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
AND
Indicators of water flow and availability as in ES3.3
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement
Trend is stable increasing
ES3.6 Maintenance of the capacity of watersheds to purify and regulate water flow
Indicators of forest cover, for example:
Natural forest cover for the management unit
overlapping with the relevant watershed.
Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Proportion of land that is degraded over total
land area
Forest density.
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
6.3.2 Proportion of bodies of water with good ambient water quality
AND
Compare present value with natural forest cover adjacent to the management unit within the same relevant watershed.
Management unit overlapping the relevant watershed has substantially
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WATERSHED SERVICES
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level or site
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
greater forest cover than adjacent areas.
6.4.2 Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
AND
Indicators of watershed condition as in ES3.1 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
AND:
Compare present value with a natural reference area;
Present value on management unit is similar to reference value.
ES3.7 Restoration of the capacity of watersheds to purify and regulate water flow
Indicators of forest cover as in ES3.6 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
AND
Indicators of watershed condition as in ES3.1 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
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SOIL CONSERVATION # Impact Measure outcome indicators at the
present time Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
ES4.1 Maintenance of soil
condition.
Indicators to measure soil properties, for
example:
Thickness of layer of soil organic matter.
Organic matter content (%).
Nutrient (N,P) content of soil.
Soil macrofauna abundance.
Soil texture.
Soil stability.
Area and degree of soil compaction (roads
and harvest areas)
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a natural reference area;
Present value on management unit is similar to reference value; similarity is stable or improving
Goal 2: Zero Hunger
2.3.1 Volume of production per labour unit by classes of farming/pastoral/forestry enterprise size
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
OR
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a relevant standard for soil condition
AND:
Indicators to measure soil condition, for
example:
Area of natural forest cover
Extent of land cover with forest canopy or
ground vegetation
Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Proportion of land that is degraded over total
land area.
Area of vulnerable/sensitive soils.
Area and percentage of damaged soil.
Area and degree of soil compaction (roads
and harvest areas).
Area of drained peatland.
Incidence of landslides.
Productivity (forest and agricultural) per unit
area
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
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SOIL CONSERVATION # Impact Measure outcome indicators at the
present time Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Volume of production per labour unit by
classes of farming/pastoral/forestry
enterprise size
ES4.2 Restoration /
enhancement of soil
condition.
Indicators to measure soil properties as in ES4.1
Compare present value and at least one previous value with a natural reference area;
Trend is improving.
OR
Compare present value least one previous value with a relevant standard for soil condition
AND
Indicators to measure soil condition as in
ES4.1
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
ES4.3 Reduction of erosion
through increased forest
cover.
Indicators to measure forest cover on
vulnerable or high risk areas, for example:
Proportion of land that is degraded over total
land area
Forest cover on vulnerable or high risk areas
Survival rate of trees planted
Forest area as a proportion of total land area
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving. Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.1 Forest area as a proportion of total land area
15.3.1 Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area
AND
Indicators to measure soil erosion, for
example:
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
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SOIL CONSERVATION # Impact Measure outcome indicators at the
present time Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Area affected by wind and/or water erosion.
Amount of erosion (cubic metres, area
affected).
Soil erosion and sedimentation levels.
Time spent on removal / Costs of removal /
Impacts of sediment deposited by wind
and/or water erosion on nearby land or water
bodies.
Percentage of households within local
communities affected by landslide.
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RECREATIONAL SERVICES
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
ES51 Maintenance /
conservation of areas of
importance for recreation
and/or tourism.
Indicators to measure the extent of areas of
importance for recreation and/or tourism
that are protected, for example:
Area protected and accessible for nature-
based recreation.
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial
and freshwater biodiversity that are covered
by protected areas, by ecosystem type
Coverage by protected areas of important
sites for mountain biodiversity
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.4.1 Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity
AND
Indicators to measure the visitor experience,
for example:
Visitor satisfaction.
Value/price rating of visitors.
Willingness to pay for ecotourism attributes.
Number of visitors.
Income generated from nature-based
recreation/tourism (e.g. through sales of
services to forest recreational users/tourists,
benefit-sharing scheme).
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Satisfaction is stable or improving.
ES5.2 Restoration or
enhancement of areas of
importance for recreation
and/or tourism.
Same as in RS.1.1
Trend or satisfaction are improving.
ES5.3 For selected species of interest, indicators to measure evidence that the habitat is in
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Goal 14: Life below Water
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RECREATIONAL SERVICES
# Impact Measure outcome indicators at the present time
Compare value of outcome indicator to a reference level
Required result Sustainable Development Goals
Maintenance /
conservation of
populations of species of
interest for nature-based
tourism.
suitable condition and quantify the population of the species, for example:
Area of habitat of selected species protected.
Suitability of habitat for selected species.
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial
and freshwater biodiversity that are covered
by protected areas, by ecosystem type
14.4.1 Proportion of fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels
Goal 15: Life on Land
15.1.2 Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas, by ecosystem type
15.5.1 Red List Index
15.7.1 Proportion of traded wildlife that was poached or illicitly trafficked
AND:
For selected species of interest, indicators of population abundance:
Abundance of selected species.
Number of charismatic species sightings (e.g.
when bird-watching).
Proportion of traded wildlife that was
poached or illicitly trafficked
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is stable or improving.
Or:
Provide evidence that the management unit contains or contributes to the maintenance of a minimum viable population.
N/A N/A
ES5.4 Restoration or enhancement of populations of species of interest for nature-based tourism.
Indicators of habitat suitability as in ES5.3 Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
Indicators of population abundance as in ES5.3
Compare present value with at least one prior measurement.
Trend is improving.
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Annex C. Example of a completed theory of change
Example 1: Biological diversity conservation
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
OUTPUTS
OUTCOMES
IMPACT
Activity 1
Retaining indigenous trees
diameter at breast height> 20 cm
as seed trees
Output 1 (linked to Activity 1)
X indigenous trees retained in
planting blocks A, B, C
Outcome 1 (linked to Output 1)
Availability of native tree species
seed source
Impact for Outcome 1 and Outcome 2. ………………… Restoration of natural forest cover
Activity 2
Enrichment planting in riverine
forest patches using native tree
species
Output 2 (linked to Activity 2)
XX ha replanted with native
species, including Red List
species S
Outcome 2 (linked to Output 2)
Native tree species (X, Y, Z) cover
increased
Activity 3
Plant at least 10 per cent indigenous
tree species
Output 3 (linked to Activity 3)
XX ha (XX%) planted with
indigenous tree species (X, Y,
Z)
Example indicators to use with the theory of change above:
Number of native seed trees per hectare (Note: this is an example of an outcome indicator not included in Annex B, but proposed by the
organization)
Natural forest cover for the whole management unit.
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Example 3: Watershed services
MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
OUTPUTS
OUTCOMES
IMPACT
Activity 1
Construct natural fences to prevent
cattle from entering the river
Output 1 (linked to Activity 1)
XX meters of fence
constructed
Outcome 1 (linked to Output 1)
Water body protected from cattle
Impact for Outcome 1 and Outcome 2. ………………… Enhancement of Water Quality
Activity 2
Replant areas on slopes, vulnerable soils and riverine areas with trees
Output 2 (linked to Activity 2)
X ha of area on slopes replanted, X ha of vulnerable soils area replanted and X ha of riverine area replanted
Outcome 2 (linked to Output 2)
Reduced erosion and sedimentation
Example indicators to use with the theory of change above:
Percentage of water sources protected (by length of river) (Note: since in this theory of change only rivers are protected, the reference
to lakes has been removed in the indicator).
Nutrients (phosphorous, nitrogen) in water.
Level of sedimentation/water sediment load (grams per litre).
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Annex D. Information regarding financial sponsorships
Ecosystem services claims sponsorship form
Forest Management certificate holder information
Name of the organization:
Address:
Contact person:
Phone:
Email:
Sponsor information
Name of the organization:
Address:
Contact person:
Phone:
Email:
Ecosystem services claims associated with the sponsorship
Ecosystem service Ecosystem services claims (List claims and codes of verified ecosystem services impacts from Annex B)
( ) ES1 – Biological diversity conservation
( ) ES2 – Carbon sequestration and storage
( ) ES3 – Watershed services
( ) ES4 – Soil conservation
( ) ES5 – Recreational services
Extent of the management unit (MU) where management activities are contributing to the verified impact:
Address of the MU:
Coordinates of the MU:
Date of sponsorship:
Additional comments:
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