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The Environment
• Biotic Factors all of the living things in the environment
• Abiotic Factors all of the nonliving things in the environment
Relationships in a Community -1
Symbiosis = “Living Together”– Close relationship between two or
more species– Examples
• Mutualism• Commensalism• Parasitism
Commensalism
• One species benefits from the relationship and the other is unaffected.
• WIN – “I don’t care”
• EX: Orchid
Parasitism• One species benefits (parasite)
and the other is harmed (host)
• WIN – LOSE
• EX: Tick
• Parasite does not want to kill the host. Why?
Relationships in a Community - 2
• Predation - The feeding of one organisms on another–Predator
• hunts/eats–Prey
• gets eaten
Producer (Autotroph)
• Plants make food in a community
• Photosynthesis– using sunlight
to make food
Consumer (Heterotroph)
• Can’t make their own food
• Primary Consumer Eats plants
• Secondary Consumer Eats other animals
Decomposers• Are consumers
• Get food by breaking down dead matter
• Recycle nutrients
• Examples– Fungi (molds, mushrooms)– Bacteria
Energy
• The ability to do work
• Flows through an ecosystem
• What is the primary source of energy in an ecosystem? The
Sun
Food Chain
• Pathway of energy through an ecosystem
Sun GrassProducer
Grasshopper Primary
Consumer
BirdSecondaryConsumer