Ecology Test Review

Study Very Hard, and Earn an A!!

The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form

•ozone.•acid rain.•Ammonia.•chlorofluorocarbons.

An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from

inorganic compounds is called a(an)

•heterotroph.•detritivore.•consumer.•autotroph.

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an

ecosystem is correct?• Communities make up species, which make up

populations.• Populations make up species, which make up

communities.• Species make up communities, which make up

populations.• Species are grouped in populations, which

make up communities.

The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere

is a(an)•population.•ecosystem.•community.•species.

A snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a

•first-level producer.•second-level producer.•first-level consumer.•third-level consumer.

The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3-1 are

consumers. producers.

decomposers. heterotrophs.

What animals eat both producers and consumers?

•Herbivores•chemotrophs•Omnivores•autotrophs

Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy,

some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is

• used in reproduction.• stored as fat.• stored as body tissue.• eliminated as heat.

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes

EXCEPT

•photosynthesis.•respiration.•transpiration.•decomposition.

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are

different because• energy flows in one direction and nutrients

recycle.• energy is limited in the biosphere and

nutrients are always available.• nutrients flow in one direction and energy

recycles.• energy forms chemical compounds and

nutrients are lost as heat.

The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and

between organisms and their environment is called

•Economy.•recycling.•modeling.•ecology.

What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?

•Carbohydrates•Water•Sunlight•carbon

Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying

plants and animals are called

•decomposers.•autotrophs.•omnivores.•producers.

The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the

•organic mass.•energy mass.•trophic mass.•biomass.

The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the

atmosphere is called

•the water cycle.•precipitation.•the condensation cycle.•evaporation.

Organisms need nutrients in order to

• utilize hydrogen and oxygen.• recycle chemical compounds.• carry out essential life

functions.• carry out nitrogen fixation.

Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude

and

• amount of solar energy received.•ocean currents.• angle of heating.•prevailing winds.

The unequal heating of Earth’s surface

• drives wind and ocean currents.• causes winds that transport heat

throughout the biosphere.• has important effects on Earth’s

climate regions.• all of the above

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific

ecosystem? • average temperature of the

ecosystem• type of soil in the ecosystem• number and kinds of predators in the

ecosystem• concentration of oxygen in the

ecosystem

The chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the

• amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water.• number of other organisms present in

the water.• amount of rainfall the water receives.• biotic and abiotic factors in the water.

Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT

•plant life.•rainfall.•soil type.•temperature.

Which is NOT an adaptation that organisms have for living in flowing

water? •Hooks•streamlined bodies•Tentacles•suckers

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the oceanic zone?

• The open ocean has very low levels of nutrients.• Organisms in the deep oceanic zone are exposed to

frigid temperatures and total darkness.• The oceanic zone begins at the low-tide mark and

extends to the end of the continental shelf.• Most of the photosynthetic activity on Earth occurs

in the open ocean within the photic zone.

Aquatic ecosystems are classified by all of the following EXCEPT

•depth and flow of the water.• temperature of the water.•organisms that live there.• chemistry of the water.

The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a

particular region is the region’s

•weather.•Ecosystem.•latitude.•climate.

An organism’s niche is

• the way the organism uses the range of physical and biological conditions in which it lives.

• all the physical factors in the organism’s environment.

• the range of temperatures that the organism needs to survive.

• a full description of the place an organism lives.

All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up

a food

•interaction.•network.•Chain.•web.

Ponds and lakes are

•wetlands.• standing-water ecosystems.• estuaries.•flowing-water ecosystems.

As resources in a population become less available, population growth

•becomes negative.• increases slowly.• reaches carrying capacity.• enters a phase of

exponential growth.

Which are two ways a population can decrease in size?

• immigration and emigration• increased death rate and

immigration• decreased birthrate and emigration• emigration and increased birthrate

Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent

limiting factor?

• a small, scattered population• a population with a high

birthrate• a large, dense population• a population with a high

immigration rate

The photic zone

• extends to the bottom of the open ocean.• extends to a depth of about 200

meters.• is deep, cold, and permanently dark.• is where chemosynthetic bacteria are

the producers.

What can cause a population to grow?

• The birthrate becomes higher than the death rate.

• The birthrate stays the same, and the death rate increases.

• The birthrate becomes lower than the death rate.

• The birthrate and the death rate remain the same.

When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it

produces a growth pattern called

• logistic growth.•demographic growth.•growth density.•exponential growth.

If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment,

the

•death rate may rise.•population will grow faster.•birthrate may rise.• carrying capacity will

change.

Which of the following is a density-independent factor?

•Earthquake•Emigration•disease•parasitism

Any factor in the environment that causes population growth to decrease

is a

•carrying capacity.• limiting factor.• limiting nutrient.•growth factor.

Which of the following describes the largest number of individuals that an

environment can support?

•Carrying capacity.•emigration.• immigration.•exponential growth.

Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT

•competition.•crowding.•unusual weather.•disease.

An example of a sustainable-use practice is the use of beneficial insects

like ladybugs to •harm natural resources.•control unwanted pests.•pollinate plants.•eat unwanted plants.

The goals of conservation biology include all of the following EXCEPT

• wise management of natural resources.• protection and management of

individual species.• preservation of habitats and wildlife.• introducing foreign species into new

environments.

The major cause of ozone depletion is

•nitric acid.•chlorofluorocarbons.•sulfuric acid.•ultraviolet light.

Imported plants in Hawaii have

• crowded out many native species.• introduced diseases.• reduced the native bird species.• depleted natural resources.

•Water can enter the atmosphere through the processes of evaporation and _________________.

•How does a food web differ from a food chain?