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Ecology ProjectUnit 6
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What is Ecology?
The study of interactions between organism’s and their environment.
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What is an Ecosystem?
The living and non-living things in an area.
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What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives and provides the needs for that organism.
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What is Biotic?
The living things in the environment.
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What is Abiotic?
The non-living factors that effect living things.
• Water• Soil• Sunlight• Temperature• Oxygen
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Processing Abiotic and Biotic
Look around the classroom, name two biotic factors and two abiotic factors.
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Ecology Project
Select a photo of an ecosystem that has been cut out already.
Glue this photo to a piece of construction paper.
Label the abiotic and biotic factors on your picture.
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Processing Project
A certain plant needs moisture, oxygen, carbon dioxide, light and minerals in order to survive. This statement shows that a living organism depends on (abiotic or biotic factors)? Why?
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What is a food chain?
A food chain explains how food ENERGY is transferred between living things in an
environment.
In a food chain, you are either the producer or consumer.
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Where does the energy come from?
The SUN.
All food chains start with the sun. Why?
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What is a producer?
Producers make their own food.
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What is a consumer?
Consumers eat other living things, like other animals or plants.
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What is a herbivore?
A herbivore only eats plants.
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What is a carnivore?
A carnivore eat only animals.
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What is an omnivore?
An omnivore eats both plants and animals.
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What is a decomposer?
Decomposers break down dead plants and animals.
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What does a food chain look like?
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Adding to Our Ecology Project
1. Create a food chain based on the organisms that live in your ecosystem.
2. Your food chain must contain 3-4 living things.
3. What do the arrows represent????
4. Your food chain must start with the sun.
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Ecology Project continued….
After your food chain is complete, in your NB, write to explain where your living things from your food chain get their energy from.
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Food Chain Activity
You will investigate food chains by getting a specific part of a food chain.
You are going to be given a card. You then have to find the other members in your food chain and put yourself in order.
When you are done, raise your hands.
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Processing Food Chains
Use the following statement and fill in the blanks.
“I ate bacon for breakfast, my energy came from a pig, that energy came from _________ and that energy came from _________ and that energy came from the sun.”
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What is a food web?
A food web is a complex arrangement of food chains.
Notice:The direction of the arrow points in the direction
of energy transfer, NOT “what ate what”.
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Even if you can’t name these organisms, how can the direction of the arrows tell you where the producers are? Where the herbivores are? Where the omnivores are? Where the carnivores are?
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Make a food web from the following….
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Ecology Project
1. Take the two food chains you have created on your project and create a food web.
2. Label the following terms – carnivore, herbivore, omnivore, consumer, producer and decomposer
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Processing Food Webs
How are omnivores, carnivores and herbivores alike and not alike? Justify. Use your NB.
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What is an energy pyramid?
An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy available in each step of a food chain.
The steps of an energy pyramid are called trophic levels.
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What is a trophic level?
A trophic level is the position occupied by an organism in a food chain.
1st Trophic Level: Producers2nd Trophic Level: Primary Consumers
3rd Trophic Level: Secondary Consumers4th Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumers
Why must an energy pyramid start with a producer?
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Where is the energy?
The greatest amount of energy is found in the base of the pyramid.
The least amount of energy is found at the top of the pyramid.
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What??Tertiary Consumers: Least Energy
Secondary Consumers
Primary Consumers
Producers: Greatest Energy
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Processing the Energy Pyramid
What does the shape of an energy pyramid tell you about how the amounts of available energy change from one level to the next?
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Ecology Project
1. Create an energy pyramid of your ecosystem.
2. Label the producers.3. Label 1st level consumers.4. Label 2nd level consumers.5. Label 3rd level consumers.6. Label decomposers.
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Processing the Project
Which level of an energy pyramid contains the most energy? Why?
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Green circles are chloroplasts
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Green circles are chloroplasts
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What adaptation of a plant cell aids in photosynthesis?
CHLOROPLASTS
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What are chloroplasts?
• Found in plant cells• Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll• Chlorophyll has the ability to convert radiant
energy to chemical energy.
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What color helps you identify a chloroplast? Why is it this color?
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Processing Photosynthesis
What special structure does a plant have to make them a producer?
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How does water get in to the plant?The Xylem
A transport tissue with the basic function to transport water from the roots throughout the
plant.
Xylem is found in the roots and stems of plants and is like a
tiny tube.The “strings” in celery are xylem
tubes.
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Processing Xylem
How is a xylem in a plant similar to a circulatory system in a human?
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What is photosynthesis?
A process where plants make their own food.
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Where does photosynthesis occur?
Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves of plants.
Can you name the structure in a leaf that is responsible for photosynthesis?
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What is needed for photosynthesis?
Radiant Energy
Water
Carbon Dioxide CO2
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What is made inside the plant?
Glucose – chemical energy in the form of a sugar
Formula for Photosynthesis:
6CO2 + 6H2O +light C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What is released from the plant?
Oxygen
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Processing Photosynthesis
Write to complete this sentence:
During photosynthesis, _________ energy is converted into
__________ energy?
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Ecology Project
Add the chemical reaction for photosynthesis to your poster project. Create a simple sketch on your poster to help you remember what “goes into” and “out of” a plant during photosynthesis.
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Processing Project
What are the products of photosynthesis?
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Photosynthesis Writing
Finish your photosynthesis writing.
Add this question to your journal:What substances are necessary for photosynthesis to
occur?What is necessary to “power” this reaction?
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What is tropism?
Tropism is an organism, or a part of an organism’s response of turning or
bending movement toward or away from an external stimulus, such as
light, heat or gravity.
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What is phototropism?
Phototropism causes a plant’s stems and leaves to grow toward
the light.
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What is geotropism?
Geotropism is the downward growth of roots.
Gravity helps plants grow in the proper position to seek light.
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Processing Tropism
What forces are acting on these plants in the animations?
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Geotropism and Phototropism Investigation
1. Fold paper towel to fit inside bag after it is wet.
2. Place the seeds on top of the paper towel.3. Close bag. Some air needs to be allowed in.4. Label your bag.
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Processing Geotropism
If you plant a seed upside down will it still grow properly? How do you know?
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Investigation of an Ecosystem
Predict in your journal what abiotic and biotic factors you will find.
Predict in your journal what plants and animals you might find outside.
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The Investigation
You will need to observe food chains in your ecosystem. Record in your journal the abiotic and biotic factors you
see.Record the producers, consumers and decomposers you
see.
Create a food chain to represent the flow of energy in your ecosystem.
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Processing the Investigation
What is the source of all food in your ecosystem and what process produced that food?
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What is a Decomposer?
• Go back to your notebook and circle the decomposer that is in your food chain or web.
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What are adaptations?
Living things have bodies that are adapted for the places they live and the things they do.
Adaptations can be structural or behavioral.
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What are structural adaptations?• Grinding teeth in herbivores• Webbed feet for swimming• Needle leaves in cactus
• Gills in fish• Hollow bones in birds• A bulb in plants
How do these structural adaptations help an organism survive?
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What are behavioral adaptations?
• Migration• Hibernation
• Dormancy in plants
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Processing Structural Adaptations
What external (physical) adaptations allow organisms to survive in a lake?
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Adaptation of the Human Hand Activity
You and a partner will demonstrate how the human hand is adapted for the actions it
performs.
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Processing Adaptations
How can a beneficial adaptation be harmful to an organism if the environment changes?
