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ECEN 5007 SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTS Lecture 8. Parabolic Dishes
July 27, 2012 Manuel J. Blanco, Ph.D., Dr.Ing. - Manuel A. Silva, Dr.Ing.
TWTH 17:00-19:30 - Class Room: ECCR 1B55 Office Hours: TWTH 15:30-16:30
Parabolic dish systems
} Combine a paraboloidal concentrator (parabolic dish) with a Power Conversion Unit (PCU) directly attached to the concentrator
} Types of PCU } Gas Turbines } Direct Steam Generation } Stirling Engine
Advanco ('82-'85)"
MDAC ('83-'88) Boeing/SES (‘98-’99)"
SBP/Almeria"('88-'99)"
Cummins"('89-'96)"
SBP/Solo"
SAIC/STM"
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Parabolic Dish + Gas Turbine
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} Cummings 1996
Parabolic dish - Direct Steam Generation
Dish collector field at Shenandoah, GA • Industrial process heat project. • 7 meters diameter, • aluminized film reflector Heat from the field was used in a textile plant for air conditioning and process heat.
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Solar Village (Arabia Saudí)
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Parabolic dish – Stirling engine experiences (source: Mancini et al. JSEE 2003)
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Parabolic dish – Stirling engine
} High performance } High concentration ratio } High temperature } Modularity } No water consumption
• High capital costs – Stirling engine and concentrator
• High O+M costs – H2 refilling, engine maintenance
• Durability of the engine SBP/Solo-PSA"
10-kW EuroDish
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Dish – Stirling systems. Main elements } Structure } Concentrator } Tracking system } PCU } Control
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Structure
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Structural optical surface
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Space frame structures
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Stretched membrane
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Concentrator
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Glass mirror-faceted
} Spherically curved mirrors } Individually alignable } Parabolic shaped structure
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Full surface paraboloid } The entire surface forms a paraboloid } Usually made of a number of ‘petals’
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Stretched membrane. Single facet } Membrane
} Preshaped (vacuum not enough) } Thin reflective plastic } Thin metal sheet + reflective surface
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Stretched membrane - multifaceted } Avoid the need for preshaping } Difficult alignment
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Mounting
Pedestal Carrousel
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Tracking
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Polar tracking
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Elevation - azimuth tracking
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Receiver } Absorbs concentrated solar energy and converts it to thermal
energy that heats the working fluid (gas) inside the engine. } External (low temp.) } Cavity (high temp.)
} Directly illuminated tubes } Reflux
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Directly illuminated tubes receiver
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Reflux receiver } Intermediate heat transfer fluid } Decouple receiver and engine
} Pool boiler. The absorber surface is always immersed in a liquid
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Reflux receiver } Heat pipe. A wick draws the liquid metal from a small sump
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Stirling Engine } The Stirling cycle
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Stirling engines } Kinematic } Free piston
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Cleanergy, 10 kW
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Performance of Eurodish System
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Performance of the Eurodish System
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State of the art } Most efficient solar to electric technology (>30%). } Pre-commercial experiences
} Increase reliability } Reduce costs
} Three (four) main manufacturers / systems today } Tessera Suncatcher (SES) 25 kW } Cleanergy / SBP Eurodish 10 kW } Infinia Corp 3 kW } (Ripaso Energy) 25 kW
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SES / Tessera Suncatcher http://www.tesserasolar.com/
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SES / Tessera Solar, Maricopa 1.5 MW
Infinia http://www.infiniacorp.com/
} 3 kW Free piston engine
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Infinia
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Eurodish sbp.de
} 10 kW kinematic Stirling engine (SOLO V161) } 8.5 m diameter concentrator
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Projects (Tessera Solar / SES)
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} Imperial Valley (Solar 2) | Imperial County, California | San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) 750MW | Total of 30,000 SunCatcher™ Power Systems.
} Calico (Solar 1) | San Bernardino County, California | Southern California Edison (SCE) 850MW | Total of 34,000 SunCatcher™ Power Systems. .
} Western Ranch Solar | West Texas | CPS Energy 27MW |Total of 1,080 SunCatcher™ Power Systems.
} Maricopa Solar | Maricopa County - Peoria, Arizona | Salt River Project (SRP) 1.5MW |Total of 60 SunCatcher™ Power Systems.
Projects (Infinia)
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} Infinia } 100 kW demo plant, Vllarrobledo, Spain } 70 MW (2 projects) in Spain } SD G&E (demonstration projects)
} Cleanergy } SOLARDIS (5 units x 10 kW)
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} Free piston engine. } http://www.infiniacorp.com/howitworks.html } http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fl8iNXsjsbI&feature=fvw
} Tessera /SES } http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z-MJrJpW2M0
} Infinia } http://www.infiniacorp.com/powerdish.html
} Cleanergy
} Eurodish