Eastern Woodlands

8-1.1

I. North American Native AmericansA. Native American nations

were divided into groups based on location and language.

B. Eastern Woodlands were the 1st to encounter Europeans.

C. SC tribes shared the Algonquin language and oral history.

II. CultureA. Eastern Woodlands were

affected by the geography of where they lived.

B. They used rivers for food and transportation.

C. They used rock, wood, & animal pelts to make tools and clothing.

II. CultureD. Tree trunks were turned

into canoes.E. Homes were made of

animal pelts and tree bark.

F. Rocks & bones were used for bow and arrow and spears.

III. FarmingA. Fertile land allowed for

farming.1. Land wasn’t privately owned.

It was ‘owned’ by the tribe.

B. Women did most of the farming using simple tools made of wood, rock, & bone.

C. Often used slash & burn agriculture.

1. Cut trees and burn brush to clear the land and force out animals.

III. FarmingD. Primary crops were:

1. Corn2. Pole beans3. Squash4. Pumpkins5. Bottle gourds6. Tobacco

E. Corn, pole beans, & squash were known as the “three sisters.”

IV. CherokeeA. Cherokee lived in the

foothills & mountains.B. They called themselves

“the real people” and were very powerful.

C. Lived in big villages of up to 600 with palisades for protection.

D. Summer homes were open and winter homes built of grass and clay (daub).

IV. CherokeeE. Men fished by poisoning

water with walnut bark.1. Scooped up fish when they

floated to the top.

F. Village leaders met as a council to make decisions.

G. White leaders led during peaceful times.

H. Red leaders led during times of war.

I. Each village had a holy man or woman.

V. CatawbaA. Catawba lived along the

rivers in the Piedmont.B. Called themselves the “river

people.”C. Homes were wigwams made

of sapling frames with bark covering.

D. Had council houses in villages where leaders made rules.

E. Catawba were excellent potters.

VI. YemasseeA. Yemassee were originally

from Spanish Florida.B. Moved to SC near the

Savannah River to escape Spanish governor.

C. Lived near the beach in wigwams covered in palmetto fronds.

D. They fled back to Florida after losing the Yemassee War with the settlers.

VII. EuropeansA. Europeans traded iron tools,

weapons, & guns for furs and deerskin.

B. As settlers became more wealthy and numerous, they:

1. Took over more land.2. Cheated natives in trade.3. Forced natives into slavery.

C. All this changed the relationship from peaceful to hostile between settlers and natives.